FM-CW-SSB transceivers. CW-SSB Direct conversion transceiver Main parameters of the mini transceiver

SSB transiver on 80 meters is in good working condition. On the new one, a lot of calls were made, and the correspondents invariably assessed the quality of the signal as good.

The transmitting intensity of the transiver is close to 0.5 W, the sensitivity of receiving a signal / noise ratio of 10 dB is not higher than 1 μV. The external view of the transiver of indications in fig.

The principle diagram of the transiver is shown in fig.

Yoga is selected on 22 transistors.

In the transmission mode, the voltage, which is developed by the microphone, is connected to the low-frequency substation, the vibrations on the T2 and T3 transistors. A strong voltage is supplied through the capacitor C61 to the input of the voice control unit - VOX (transistors T20-T22) and the ring balanced modulator (diodes D1-D4). The balanced modulator is also driven by a voltage with a frequency of 500 kHz of the reference crystal oscillator (T9, T10). From the output of the balanced modulator, a signal is sent to the EMF FU, which sees the upper white smog, forming an SSB signal. The signal is zmіshuєtsya in zmіshuvachi on transistors T4-T5 with a frequency signal of 4.1-4.15 MHz of a smooth range generator (GPA). GPA vikonano on T11 transistors. Cascades on transistors T12, T13 and T14 serve as a change in the destabilizing injection of the drive.

After zmishuvach inclusions cascode pidsiluvach (T6, T7). The first step is the L4C13 circuit, adjusted to a frequency of 3.625 MHz. As a result of the noise in this circuit, a signal of the operating frequency is seen, which affects the lower edge. Vіn goes to the output stage of the T8 transistor. The whole cascade works in the lightened mode.

To set up the transmission, a sound generator was transferred to the GU transistors, which is connected to the input of the low-frequency power supply with the KN1 button.

In the receiving mode, the voltage from the antenna should be connected to the input of the RF power supply, driven by the T15 transistor. The voltage has been increased to the base of the transistor T16 of the zmishuvach priymach. A voltage is applied to the emitter of the transistor from the GPA. The aim of the zmishuvach is to serve the FSS, which sees the signal of the intermediate frequency (500 kHz). After the FSS, the voltage of the intermediate frequency is increased by a single-stage substationary frequency converter (T17) and then it is brought to the ring-type oscillating diode detector (D11-D14). The voltage of the reference quartz oscillator is applied here.

At the output of the detector, a low-frequency voltage is seen, which is then supported by a two-stage LF substation, which is based on transistors T18, T19. The advantages of low-frequency power supply and high-resistance head phones. The strength of the receiver is separately regulated by the LF and by the IF by resistors R45 and R39, obviously.

For discord primach in small boundaries, use the D6 varicap. The frequency of the disorder is changed by adjusting the voltage shift on the varicap resistor R52. Discord is only victorious in the receive mode, however, it is possible to vicorate it in the transmission mode, changing the switch-on scheme.

The transition of the transceiver from the reception of the transmission is controlled by the contacts P1/1 of the relay P1, I will add voice control.

On the third okremіy board there is a sound generator. The main drukovanі pay roztashovanі on two tops.

The design has small-sized details: fixed resistors - ULM; GPA capacitors - SWR, C15, C24, C37 - with a reverse dielectric; transformers Tr1, Tr2 and coils FSS L14-L18 - type of radio receiver "Alpinist" (transformers - transitional uzgojuvaln). The data of other coils and throttle DR1 are shown in the tables. Coils L1, L2, L3 and the throttle are wound in bulk, reshta - turn to turn. The frames of the coils L4, L5 and L12, L13 are secured with SCR-1 cores from a carbonic cavity. Relay P1 - be it a type of strum, spratsovuvannya up to 20 mA, for example, REM-10 (RS4.524.301).

Nashtuvannya.

As always, її begin with the revision of the installation and the practicality of the skin cascade. On the other hand, the practicality of pіdsilyuvachіv woofer, GPA, quartz oscillator is being reconsidered.

Having changed at the practicality of these cascades, the frequency range of the GPA is installed at the boundary between 41 and 415 MHz for an additional hvilemir or a clear primach.

Having applied a voltage to the input of the transceiver’s receiving part with a frequency of 3.625 MHz and an amplitude of about 0.1 mV, sequentially adjust the L17C55 circuit, the FSS and the C10C37 circuit to the maximum signal at the output.

The transmitting part of the transceiver is tuned by victorious signal of the sound generator (when the button Kn1 is pressed). Adjustment is brought up to balancing the balanced modulator with resistor R11 and adjusting the L4CI3 and L6C15 circuits to a frequency of 3.625 MHz.

When the transmitting part is adjusted, the following is connected to the output of the transistor equivalent to the antenna - a resistor with a support of 75 Ohm and an intensity of 1-2 W.

Construction and details. The transiver is selected on two main other boards. On the first location, the SSB signal and VOX form, on the other - a part of that GPA, moreover, the cascades on transistors T11 and T12 are selected on an okrem_y small board and placed on the screen.

Zmіshuvach, buffer-pіdsiluvach and kіntsevy cascade is also selected on the okremіy board and placed in the screen, attachments to the other main board.

Y. Medinets (UB5UG)

Assignment transiver for amateur radio communication in the 144 MHz band. The main yogo specialty, which is blown in different dosist designs, is the high frequency of molding SSB signal (24 MHz), now vikoristany filter on harmonic quartz resonators. The greater strength of the priymach (superheterodyne type) posіdaє pіdsilyuvach woofer, like і priymachі direct transformation. The substation of the IF and the HF were inspired by the so-called reversible cascades, specially developed for the substitution of transceivers.

The attachment is built next to the original design solutions. So, as a UHF circuit in a vikoristan wired to a line from a coaxial cable, it was fixed to the frequency of the correspondent with a short-circuited line, which does not involve the vernier mechanism, the installation of the loops in a planar way (the reverse side of the board is a solid sheet of foil, but a galvanized wire).

The intensity of the transmission of the transiver is 5 W, the noise factor of the receiver is 4 KTO.

The transiver is easy to get ready and installed, and a set of yoga parts (at wholesale prices) costs about 30 rubles.

Schematic diagram The transceiver is shown in Figure 1. The receiver consists of one cascade of high-frequency amplification, converting with a smooth range heterodyne, to replace the generator and three subwoofers, two cascades of IF amplification, a noise detector with a reference local oscillator, to compensate for the buffer stage, and a three-stage subwoofer

antenna An1 connects to the input circuit of the HF power supply unit, which is formed from the winding lines L52, L50 and capacitors C66, C67, through the air L29, L48, zagalna dovzhina such an old halves of the old days of sickness. Line L29, L48 in the receiving mode, it is locked in the middle by the jumper contacts IN 1. Capacitor C67 serve as an element of the connection to the circuit behind the antenna, behind the auxiliary capacitor C66 the circuit is adjusted to resonance.

Pidsilyuvach HF selection on transistors T29, included behind the scheme from a hot emitter. Placement is served up to the yogi of the mother lansyug. Transistor IOT in the receive mode, it is noted, and the first collector transition is switched off as a neutralization element, the transistor collector T29 that transistor base IOT connected to the signal in antiphase (douzhina L5I become half of the sickness).

Mіzh exit podsilyuvacha HF and zmіshuvachem on diodes D21, D22 inclusions resonator - line breakers L45 - L47, L49, electric power of some kind C6J) the old half of the old days are sick. Such a resonator is visual, which makes it possible to separate on the board the elements of the power supply, the substructure and the vanity, and on the front of the quarter, gives a symmetrical resonant curve.

transistor collector T29 and zmіshuvach connected to the resonator between the antinodes of the struma and the voltage, which reaches the benefit.

Zmіshuvach zіbrany for balanced (schodo heterodyne) scheme. The voltage of the local oscillator with a frequency of 120 MHz is fed through a transformer, which is inverted, using coils. L24, L25, what kind of connection to the output of the third subwoofer to the local oscillator (collectors of transistors T22, T24).

A supporter of choices for a double-period scheme, effective and kindly respecting the first - I will push the harmonica the most. For short filtering of the higher harmonics at the outer lances of the inclusions, a resonator with winding lines L38, L39, L41, L43 shackled dozhina in pivkhvil, similar to the resonator L45 - L47, 149.

The other and the first subsidiaries are analogous to the third crim of the fact that in them there is an emphasis on vikoristani contours with serendipity postiyni.

Generator of a smooth range of selections on transistors T2 behind the scheme from the base. The lancet has a cascade of quartz inclusions Pe2(At 15 MHz).

Sequentially with quartz, the inductance coil is switched on l16, which changes the generation frequency. Tsya coil vikonan on a toroidal ferrite core to increase the connection with a short-circuited coil L17, the dozhina of which is changed by a knot of lashing L53. In this way, the inductance of the coil changes and the frequency of the generator changes. Dovzhina short-circuited coil L53 change the position of the spring jumper on the double-wire drukarska line, wink at the sight of the kiltsya, the center of the stake, which zbіgaєtsya from the vіssyu nalashtuvannya. The scale of the adjustment is close to linear, the scales are compensated by two non-linear laws: the steepness of the generation frequency is reduced by an increase in inductance, and the steepness of the short-circuited inductance is reduced.

Precisely the frequency value of quartz Pe2f kv is assigned to the following formula:

de fin.max - the frequency of the transceiver range, which overlaps,

fp - intermediate frequency (for this design 24 MHz).

Capacitor C20 set the lower boundary of the range. The range of the transceiver is recommended to be set no wider than 500 kHz.

Rice. 1. Principal diagram of the transiver

To change the smooth local oscillator in the receiving mode, serve as a D5 varicap, which is set to the changeable resistor R8, the handle of which is shown on the front panel. To set the transmission frequency in the middle of the range, use a resistor R7 with a handle under the slot.

Two identical cascades of the power supply unit of the IF selected on transistors T19, T20і T25, T26. The receiving mode has transistors T19і T25, a related to them for the characteristics of transistors T20і T26 serve as elements of neutralization. The robotic voltage is fed to the emitter through resistors R31, R39 that IF gain controller R41. diode D25 protect the emitter junctions of transistors T19і T25 in case of a breakdown in the transmission mode.

The purpose of the other cascade of the IF power supply is to serve as a filter made of several quartz plates, selected for an extended differential-bridge circuit. Capacitors C26, C28, C34. C35, included in parallel to quartz PeZ - Peb, sound the resonant interval up to the optimum value of 1.5 kHz, which, when the frequencies of quartz are separated, is also 1.5 kHz, giving a bandwidth of 3 kHz. Frequencies of quartz, which are arranged diagonally, are the same but accurate to tens of hertz. Pair of capacitors C26, C28і C34, C35 pick up to within 0.1 pF. It is necessary for a deep smothering of the lower bichno smog (more than 40 dB).

Mishuvalny detector, selection on diodes D8, DR, similar to zmishuvach on diodes D21, D22. The reference local oscillator at 24 MHz is composed of a generator on transistors 77 and a buffer stage on transistors 75. Remaining phase modulation of the local oscillator with a strong signal: the world, which is necessary at a high frequency, is formed.

From the midpoint of the coil L4 LF voltage is supplied with the first LF power supply, for which there are transistors T9,TIL

Resistor R17 only necessary modes of transmission, it is small in pairs with the input support of the cascade.

Resistor R23, which changes the voltage of the life of the first cascade, serve as a regulator of density. blocking capacitors C18, C32, C44і C53 to encircle the smuga of the passage of the pіdsilyuvacha.

Kіntsevy cascade of subsidiaries of woofers on transistors T21, T23, T27, T28 and maє - automatic adjustment of the working point to the signal. Capacitor C54 charged according to the voltage signal through the diode D15, and the lower one behind the circuit diagram, a negative potential is established, which is supplied by the adjustment of the transistor T21. As a result, the voltage on the collector rises and the signal is strong without an exchange.

For work on low-resistance bias (60 ohms), two output repeaters on transistors should be used T27, T28. Diodi D18, D19 included to change the standing strum through Guchnomovets Gr1 that exit cascade at the moment of moving.

electrolytic capacitor C45 improve the rozvyazku z zhivlennya mizh kіntsev and two front cascades pіdsilyuvacha woofer. Capacitor C31 usuvaє sharudinnya under the hour of regulation of the density. Vіdrіzok іnії L42 to serve as a filter that rozvyazuє.

In the transfer mode, the signal from the microphone Mk1 through the filter, which is split. L27 go to the cascade of the low-frequency substation on transistors T4, T6, T7, a then let's apply for zmishuvach (D8, D9), derogatory bear. After that, the quartz filter sees the upper swirl, as it is overcome by the cascades of the subdued frequency converter T20і T26(in transfer mode, stinks are changed by roles T19, T25).

Settlements SSB signal is sent to zmishuvach (D21, D22) and is converted to a signal with a frequency of 144 MHz, which is supported by a cascade on transistors IOT reversible podsiluvach HF. It is followed by three cascades of voltage suppression on transistors T18, T13і TK, T8. The first two are single-cycle, they are used in class A. The contours on the lines serve as an advantage L33 - 136, included behind the G-filter circuit (G-filter is equivalent to the high-pass filter, it filters the signals of the local oscillator and the IF).

Capacitors C29, C41 flicker lanceg at a high frequency.

For the purpose of using external supports of transistors with a support, the input of their collectors is connected to a part of the lines L35, L36і L33, L34.

C23і SPZ- link capacitors, C24і C38- capacitors, which serve for substroyuvannya circuits at resonance. Mutual regulation of capacities can change the coefficient of strength of the tract in wide ranges, while maintaining a stable strength.

Output cascade two-stroke transmission: collectors and base transistors TK, T8 closed L31 - L32, scho to ensure 180 ° phase zvv. The switches on the line input and output circuits are made asymmetrical, their elements and the transistors themselves are spaced apart on the board. It ensured the best introduction of heat, made the screening of the inlet and outlet of the cascade uncommon. In the other, the scheme of the output cascade is similar to the scheme of the forward cascades.

Outside transmission circuit stack capacitors G2 i C6 that vіdrіzki іnіy L28, L30. Vіn also vikonanie for the G-filter scheme. On the view of the extended P-filter, the vent may reduce the capacitance of the capacitor, and it will better protect the transistors of the terminal cascade from the sound vents.

In the transmission mode L29 a long quarter of the wind is locked by the contacts of the jumper IN 1 and do not shunt the antenna (yogo rozіkneniy kinets maє great opіr). Output of reversible HF power supply (collector lance of transistor) TZV) via jumper contacts IN 1 that vіdrіzki іnіy L40, L48 connected to the input of the switch on transistors T18.

Possibility of switching on the telegraph key IN 2 shown in fig. 1 dashed lines. The faulty diodes were installed without delay during the connection month.

Placement in the emitter of the lances of the cascades of the HF and IF power supplies, as well as the reference oscillator, is taken from the dilnik on the diodes D12, D14, D16 that resistor R36. Voltage 0.8 V from diode D12 via jumper contacts IN 1 fed to the emitter of transistors T19, T25, pratsyyuyuchih priyomu regime, that IOT- in the transmission mode. One hour through the jumper contacts, live + 12 is supplied to the modulator (transistor T4, T6, T7) that pіdsilyuvach LF priymacha. Voltage - 1.6 T20, T26, TZ, T8, T13і T18, and in the receive mode - T29. Placement on the emitter of transistors T1, T5 arrive steadily. Up to which dzherel - 1.6 V connected resistors R7, R8, z of which apply for a varicap.

Details of the assembly unit are shown in fig. 3 and 4.

Dani cat L1 - L25 and droselіv navedenі in table. 1 and 2 are clear. Cats and drosі chi Dr1, Dr4 wound on the rings K7X4X2 with feritu ZOVCH (one ring each). The other chokes are wound on sirnik pieces (coil to coil). Provided - PEV-2 0.25.

Rice. 2 The fee for the grass-northern and the distribution of details on it

The wires for the cable are rolled out from the side of the foil ball. The ends are cut on the inside of 8 mm on the outside insulation and on 4 mm - on the inside. The braids are taken into one flat bundle in a sector of 90 - 180 ° and cut under a straight cut to the cable. Braiding is soldered to a ball of foil on a 2 - 3 mm gap in the outer insulation of the cable. The vein is soldered to other conductors from the other side without “weakness”.

Rozmіri vіdrіzkіv cable blanks (zastosovanny cable PK-50-2-13) induced in the table. 3.

peremikach IN 1- P2K. Yogo is also soldered to the other conductors with an overlay, for which the visnovki from one side are pulled under a straight cut. So that the stench doesn’t break, for an hour the virgin is zipped with a plate of sclerotextolite with a cut, where a number of visnovki can be removed. From above, shorten to a length of 2 mm.

Rice. 3. Drukovan board vuzla nalashtuvannya (sklotekstolit tovshchina 2 mm)

Fixed resistors - OMLT-0.125, changeable resistors - SPZ-Zb (R7) and 1SP-1A (inshі). Pidstroyuvalny condensers - KPK-MP, KPK-1 (C2nC6) and KPVM-3 (S20), electrical - K50-6, reshta -. K10-7, KD-1 chi KM. Ratings of elements are non-critical. Blocking capacitors with a capacity of 0.U1 microfarads (there are blocking capacitors in the bass substation) can be replaced by capacitors with a capacity of 3300, 4700 or 6800 pF. Bazhano zastosuvat capacitors with thick visnovki - tovshchina 0.5 - 0.7 mm (miniature capacitors with thin - - 0.3 mm - piping is rotten). With such windings, the nominal value of 2200 pF can replace 1500 or 3300 pF, and the nominal value of 160 pF - 100 - 300 pF. All resistors can be taken not less than the values, but the sum of the total values.

Table 1

Rice. 4. Details of the rotary part of the assembly assembly: 1 disk, aluminium; 2 - Sleeve, brass: 3 strap, bronze line Br.B2-T0.5; -4 - contact, strіchka bronze Br. B2-M0.15

Table 2

Groups of transistors at the boundaries of the designated type can be the same. To make it easier to improve, it is not recommended to switch transistors with a static transmission coefficient less than 20 and more than 150. For the presence of sweat transistors in the output cascades (TK, T8, T13) it is possible to put transistors of the KT603 type with radiators and resistors supported by 150 ohms in each lance. True, the tension is transmitted when it falls in 3-5 times.

Table 3

Replacement of magnetic conductors of contour coils is not necessary. Ferrite ZOVCH floorings are made in other brands (on the shorter side), which cannot be shown to be equivalent to a replacement. It is possible to replace the ZOVCH ring in throttles at 50VCh, 60НН and ін.

The body structure is shown in fig. 5. As a radiator for transistors of the KT904 type, there is a brass thread with a diameter of 20 mm with a threaded opening for the screw fastening of the transistor. The lower end of the shear is pressed to the bottom of the hull with the MOZ screw. Radiator of the transistor type KT610 - payment with a rozmіrom іz p'yatikopіychanu coin.

Nashtuvannya. For setting up the transiver, you need the following accessories: avometer (TL-4 or similar); signal generator (GMV, G4-44, or be it another, which gives a stable signal in the range of 144 MHz); vimiruvalny priymach іz converter at 144 MHz; sound frequency generator (GZ-20, GZ-33 and in.). In addition, the antenna with a feeder support of 50 or 70 ohms and SWR is less than 1.2, as well as an additional diode GD508A (for controlling the RF voltage).

Before using an ohmmeter, it is necessary to check the life of the transiver and change the short circuit (opir may not be less than 1 km).

peremikach IN 1 install at position "Accept". Turn on the power and change the voltage on the diodes D12і D14, D16: the water can be approximately equal to 0.8 and 1.6 V. Vymiryuyut constant voltage at the points. On transistor collectors T11, 116, T23 according to the connection to the case, it can be 0.5 - 2 V, on the emitter of the transistor T28 - 0.2 - 0.6V, on resistors R6 i R12 - 0.5 - 0.7, on resistors R31і R39- 0.3 V, on resistors R42і R11- 1 Art.

Connect a voltmeter (scale 1 - 3) through an additional diode to the coil L2. Wrapping Capacitor Rotor C4, set the maximum reading (approximately 0.3), which leads to optimal adjustment. Listen to the reference oscillator signal on the receiver.

Connect a voltmeter (already without a diode) to the resistor R2L Capacitor C20 install on a minimum capacity, vuzol nalashtuvannya L53- on the minimum length of the short-circuited line. Wrapping Capacitor Rotor C17, set the maximum reading of the voltmeter (0.3 - 1V). Listen on the receiver of the signal generator.

Move the node's motor to the position of the maximum length of the line. Wrapping Capacitor Rotor C20, set the generation frequency to 15 MHz, which will set the trans-snver frequency to exactly 144 MHz. Connect a voltmeter to resistors R28. Wrapping Capacitor Rotor C37, reach the maximum.

Also regulate the capacitance of the capacitor C47 to the maximum voltage on the resistors R34(it may add 1 - 2 V).

Connect a voltmeter from the diode to the coil L24 and fix the circuit with a capacitor C57 according to the maximum tension (max buti 0.3 - 0.6).

In order not to make a mistake if the circuit is not on another harmonica, it is recommended when you make a connection to a four-way condenser, short circuits on the other end of the cable (with short circuits). After adjusting the windings, the circuit will be adjusted to the required frequency. With a year of yoga, you can podlashtuvati in small boundaries of the signal. Such additional wires for the cable should be prepared at all intermediate frequencies of the local oscillator: 30, 60 and 120 MHz.

Set the regulators for the booster for the IF and LF to the maximum power and adjust the capacitors for the maximum of the wet noise C50і C58.

The transceiver accepts a signal from the air or from the signal generator. Fit capacitors C61, C66і C67 to the maximum. Also add capacitors C27, C50і C58.

Rice. 5. Parts of the transceiver case

By changing the frequency of adjusting the transiver, evaluate the frequency response of the path by ear. Capacitor C8 set the frequency of the reference oscillator in such a way that it was a little bit of a beat of the upper beat of the beat (when you switch it up in frequency, the beat of the beat of the top beat will decrease). At the same frequency of 300 - 400 Hz, the upper body is not to blame. The lower flank is due to buti is reduced as much as possible C27). It is recommended to set the maximum attenuation at a beat frequency of 1 - 1.5 kHz.

In some vipadkahs, the tract PL and LF can be self-excited. Self-excitation for submarines is used for larger supports of resistors R31і R39, h LF - to change the supports of resistors R25, RJ9, as well as to the condenser housing C22 pay from the hull. It also helps to shunt the collector lance of the transistor T7 resistor 8.2 to whom.

A correctly tuned transceiver receiver has a slight mark near the frequency of 144 MHz - the sixth harmonic of the frequency of 24 MHz of the reference local oscillator.

Put the jumper at the position "Broadcast". Measure the voltages on the emitter resistors: on R30, R37 max buti 0.8 - 1.2 V, on R9, R16, R20і R27- 0.8 - 1 V, on R40- 1 V. At the emitter of the transistor T7 according to the connection to the case, the voltage can be 3 - 4 V. Connect a voltmeter with a diode between the main point of the connection of the capacitors SPZ, S38 that vіdrіzka L35 and line +12 V. Bring the microphone close to the mouth, draw out the sound “a”. Installing the condenser rotor SPZ at minimum capacity, condenser fitting SPZ take the maximum reading of the voltmeter (approximately 2-3).

For the presence of the signal, the arrow can drop to zero.

Move the probe with the diode to the hot point of the connection of the capacitors C23, C24 that vіdrіzka L33. Condenser rotor C23 set to minimum capacity. Fit the capacitor C24 and replace capacitors SPZ, SPZ to the maximum reading of the voltmeter (5 - 10 V). Connect the probe with the diode to the antenna (to the capacitor rotor.) C2), and the other probe - to the body. By beeping, lash the capacitors C2, C6 i pidlashtovuyut C23, C24 according to the maximum voltage: when the feeder is connected with a support of 50 ohms, it can be 7 - 14 (the switch depends on the different parameters of the transistors). Due to the presence of sound, the voltage on the antenna may drop to zero (0.2 - 0.3 is allowed). As soon as the voltage is saved, you can testify about the self-excitation of the tension.

Yogo usuvayut to change the capacitance of capacitors zv'azka S23, SZZ with further installation of condensers C24, SZZ.

The reason for the self-excitation of the transmission at the moment of sounding out sounds (signals) may be the high frequency induction of the microphone input. In this way, the inclusion of the throttle in the opening of the dart helps, which goes through the microphone (in front of the condenser C9).

Throttle is wound on kiltsі K7X4X2 with ferita ZOVCH, vіn vengeance 10 turns of any kind of dart.

eavesdrop SSB a signal on the vimiryuvalny priymachі and vimiryuyut rіven smothering the carrier. For this, if the microphone is longer than “a”, adjusting the strength of the vibrating receiver (with the switched AGC), set the display of the output indicator to the full scale. Let's turn on the microphone and make the receiver so confused that it's not a heavy sound, it looks like a tone with a frequency of 1 - 2 kHz. Assign the output indicator to the output. If the stink is greater than 0.03 - 0.05 of the maximum value (which suffocates the carrier by 26 - 30 dB), the bearing level is lowered to change the resistor support R15. If it is less than the designated value, it means that strangulation is superficial and with the help of an increase in the weight of the carrier, you can increase the sensitivity of the primach, zbіlshivshi sop-. resistor resistance R15 or start turning yoga off.

For a more “thin” adjustment of the transmission path, a signal is sent to the input of the modulator to the sound frequency generator with an amplitude of a few millivolts (so that it does not fluctuate the exchange) and the frequency response of the RF voltage to the antenna harness is taken.

To complete the adjustment by accurately setting the frequency of the reference local oscillator, the frequency response is taken, and the graduation of the scale is adjusted (for example, in the transmission mode of the mimicry receiver).

The transceiver can be divided into receiving and transmitting high-frequency and low-frequency paths, overhead both modes, a zmishuvach modulator and a smooth range generator.

Generator of smooth range (GPA) of wobbles on two field transistors VT5 and VT6 Vіn works on a frequency that is equal to half the frequency of the signal that is received or transmitted. Pratsyyuyuchi reception and transmission of remote lances of the GPA do not commute and change the direction of the GPA. As a result, when switching from reception to transmission or the GPA frequency is not changed. Nalashtuvannya in the boundaries of the range zdіysnyuєtsya behind the help of a replaceable capacitor with a supervised dielectric SYU, to enter the GPA circuit to the warehouse.

Transceiver for transmission and reception of SSB and CW in the range of 28-29.7 MHz. The apparatus of impulses behind the scheme of direct conversion from the main sounding modulator for receiving and transmitting.

Technical characteristics:

• Sensitivity in the mode of reception at a given signal/noise ratio of 10 dB, not higher than ........ 1 μV;
• dynamic range of the receiving path, wielding for the two-signal method, close to ...... 80 dB;
• smuga transmission of the receiving path beyond the line -3 dB............. 2700 Hz;
• the width of the spectrum of a single-smoking vibration during transmission ........ 2700 Hz;
• carrying frequency and non-working bіchna smuha prignіchuyutsya not higher lower .......... 40 dB;
• output power transmission in CW mode on input 75 Ohm ...... 7 W;
• inspection of the local oscillator frequency after 30 hours of warm-up after switching on no more than 200 Hz / year.

In the SSB transmission mode, the signal from the microphone is strengthened by the operational switch A2 and goes to the phaser on the elements L10, Lll, C13, C14, R6, R7, which in the frequency range of 300-30-00 Hz ensures safe phase at 90 °.

At the L4C5 circuit, which serves as a hot-spot noise on the VD1-VD8 diodes, a signal of the upper white smog is seen in the range of 28-29.7 MHz. High-frequency wide-range phaser L6R5C9 in the same range provides 90° super phase.

Vision of a single signal through the capacitor C6 goes to a three-stage voltage suppression switch on transistors VT7-VT9. The cascade of the forward reinforcement and the decoupling of the output circuit of the shifter-modulator of the vibrations on the VT9 transistors. The high inlet support at the lower end of the C6 ensures a minimal injection of pressure relief on the C5L4 circuit. The collector lance VT9 has inclusions of curves, overlapping in the middle of the range. The intermediate stage on the field-effect transistor VT8 works in class mode, and the output stage - in class C mode.

A similar low-pass filter on the C25L13C26 cleans the output signal from the high-frequency harmonics and ensures that the output stage is supported by a winding antenna support. The RA1 ammeter is used to monitor the stream to the drain of the output transistor and show the correct alignment of the P-circuit.

The telegraph mode is ensured by replacing the A2 substation with a sinusoidal signal generator with a frequency of 600 Hz (Fig. 21). The CW-SSB mic is required for the help of the S1 mic. The telegraph key controls the displacement of the VT11 substation of the generator and, therefore, the supply of a low-frequency signal to the modulator.

In the live reception mode 42, the transmission cascade is not to be connected, and the pressure switch and the microphone switch are turned on. At the same time, a voltage of 12 is applied to the cascades of the receiving path.

The signal from the antenna should go to the input circuit L2C3 through the link coil L1; won't fit the support contour with the antenna support. On the VT1 transistors, the URL is fixed. The coefficient of strength of the cascade depends on the voltage displacement from another gate (dilnik on resistors R1 and R2). The circuit L4C5 serves as the destination of the cascade, the connection to the cascade of the URF and from the circuit is used for the auxiliary coil of the link L3. From the coils of the link L5, the signal should go to one demodulator on diodes VD1-VD8.

Coils L8, L9 and phase shifters on L10 and L11 see the signal 34 in smooth frequencies of 300-3000 Hz, which through the capacitor C15 goes to the input of the operating switch A1. The strength of the microcircuit determines the main sensitivity of the transceiver in the receive mode. Dali follows the signal 34 on transistors VT2-VT4, with the output of which signal 34 goes to the small speaker B1. The thickness of the receiver is regulated by the help of a changeable resistor R15. With the method of incapacitation of loud clatter when switching the “reception-transmission” modes, live on the UMZCH on transistors VT2-VT4 is applied both when receiving, and when transmitting.

Most of the transceiver parts are installed on three other boards, a sketch of which is shown in fig. 22-24 On the first board, the details of the input URF of the receiving path (on VT1 transistors), the details of the shifter-modulator with phase-overlapping circuits, as well as the details of the local oscillator. On the other board - low-frequency stages on microcircuits A1 and A2 and transistors VT2-VT4. On the third plate, there is a support for the tension of the transmitter. Tract.

The board is made with a zmіshuvachem-modulator, URF and GPA are screened. Switching between the “reception-transmission” modes is carried out by the pedal, as if switching on the voltage 42 and using two electromagnetic relays, one of them switches the antenna, and the other applies the voltage 12 to the receiving path. The relay windings are energized with a voltage of 42, and in the unstrung steel, the relay contacts turn on the receiving mode.

For the life of the transceiver, a basic stationary life block is installed, the signals must be permanently stabilized by a voltage of 12 with a stream up to 200 mA and a permanently unstable voltage by 42 with a stream up to 1 A.

Winding data of transceiver coils Table 4

The transiver vikoristan permanent MLT resistors have a tension, which is indicated on the diagrams. Substructure resistor - SPZ-4a. Loop condensers - obov'yazkovo keram_chnі, pіdstroyuvalnі - KPK-M. Electrolytic capacitors type K50-35 or similar imported ones. Replaced local oscillator capacitors for the output circuit - with a redeemed dielectric.

For winding the contour coils of the URC, zmіshuvacha and transmission of vicorous ceramic frames with a diameter of 9 mm with substroyuvalnymi cores SCR-1 (you can also use plastic frames in the tracts of the UPCI of old lamp TVs, but also the thermostableness of rich ceramics, fat). The low-frequency coils of the zmіshuvacha-modulator L8 and L9 are wound on ring cores K16x8x6 with a 100НН ferrite or more high-frequency (100VCh, 50VCh). Coils L10 and L11 are wound on frames OB-ZO with ferrite 2000NM1. Coils of generators were wound on such cores, and the magnetophones were wound on magnetophones. The winding data of the transiver coils are shown in Table. four.

Transistors KPZOZG can be replaced by KPZOZ іz be it a letter index or KP302. Transistor KP350A can replace KP350B, KP350V or KP306. Transistor KP325 - on KT3102. Potuzhnі polovі transistors KP901 can be with whatever letter indexes. For UMZCH it is necessary to use silicon and german (high-quality) transistors of high-quality structure. Diode KD503 can be replaced by KD514, and diode D9 - D18.

Literature: A.P. Simyan. 500 schemes for radioamators (Radio stations and transiveries) St. Petersburg: Science and Technology, 2006. - 272 p.: il.

Features of CWSSB transiver "Vitrilo"є simplicity, availability and flexibility of the circuit, minimal quantity and possibility of replacing some details, which are the same for a radioamator.

Scheme. Transiver "Vitrilo" folded from a number of blocks.

In the receiving mode (Rx), the signal from the antenna (“A” to the RF block) goes to the P-loop and through C20 goes to the history repeater (VT5), which wins the role of the low-resistance input of the PF. Passing through the contacts of the relay, go to the reverse part of the circuit: double-range smug filters (L6, L7, C32-C34), balance shifter (d10-d13), which signal from the GPA (T7-T9), two-stage UPC (T3, T4) ), convergence quartz filter, balanced detector-modulator (d2-d5), where to find the reference frequency of the laser (T5, T6), ULF range (T1, T2). From the R35 engine, the low-frequency signal should go to the UMZCH.

Transition of the transiver to receive the transmission is controlled by the control unit. When the “pedal” contact is closed, the polarity of the output voltage to the block changes. І, as a last resort, the inclusion of all relays connected to the bus + 12v Tx.

In the transmission mode (Tx) from a dynamic microphone, the signal is strong (T1, T2) and goes to the balanced modulator-detector (d2-d5). The DSB signal is amplified (T3) and filtered by a quartz filter. The formation of the SSB signal is amplified (T4) and goes to the balanced reversible shifter (d10-d13), and the wind filtering (PF) goes to the wide-range subsiluvach (VT1 to the URF block) and resonant (VT2), the whole cascade can be taken to kp303+kt315. The VT4 collector also has a resonant circuit.

At the output cascade there is a non-vibrating low-frequency lamp 6P3S, yak in this device successfully works on all kV bands. You can replace it with lamps GU-19, GU-29, GU-17. 2хGU-50. At the input of the lamp there is a narrow transformer.

P-circuit to wait for the outer cascade with an antenna.

For simplicity, the scheme does not show the range of smug filters, their data are shown in the table.

CW generator is connected to point "A".

A quartz filter can be used at a frequency of 5 to 10.7 ms, for some stations it is 6 to 2 quartz, in the rest it may not have a DSB transceiver. If the radioamator has more quartz, then it’s better to add one IF cascade (at the opening of point “A”), blocking one quartz filter, improving sensitivity and vibrance. Techniques for the preparation of sliding quartz filters impersonal. This design has one "great" one, for example, 8 crystal, it's better to put two "small" ones, 6 + 4, 4 + 4, or 4 + 2 quartz and so on. Bazhano, the frequency separation of quartz is not more than 30 Hz, but more frequency separation does not lead to repetition and further improvement of the transiver.

Details: all transformers can be 15 turns (twisted at 3 or 2 wires) f600 or 1000-3000nn, k12x6x5 (in principle, it is necessary to wind the cups with a ferita f600 in the case of a transistor filter, not on the edge of the sectional cups) L5-20 frameworks with pіdbudovnik F600, PEL 0.32. Coil GPD 8 vitk_v. Coils of the GPA can be switched to the skin range of switching їх for an auxiliary relay Res 49 and so on.

GPA frequencies. For PL 107 MHz.

Coils PF are wound on frames 7.5 mm with pіdbudovnik f600, (160 m and 80 m on sections). The distance between the centers of the coils is close to 20 mm.

Coils of the resonant driver's power supply can be approximately the same data and are selected when adjusted (the replacement for the input is the coil).

Driver Coils:

View from the middle.

P-loop: 2+2+1+2+1.5+2.5+9+20+41

10m 12m 15m 17m 20m 40m 80m 160m

Dart Ø for treble 1 mm, for woofer 0.5 mm

Like a power transformer vikoristovuetsya TS-180. Transistor P217 (P213, P214, P216), install on the radiator.

A block of life can be broken up into a block.

Vzhit all foreign approaches when working with a high voltage PSU.

You can change the parameters of the transiver by replacing T4 with KP903, and instead of R18 and R19, put throttles of 20-40 mcg. T2 on KT3102E KT342 (otherwise low-noise with a great coefficient). T9 - KT610, changing R24 to 33E. Replacement of 2 circuit PFs for 3 circuits.

Nalashtuvannya starts from the block of life. On the back, turn on the PSU from the transiver. After rechecking all the voltages of the PSU, +12V is connected to the control unit, at the output "Rx" the voltage is close to +12V, and at "Tx" - 0. When the "Pedal" is pressed, the voltages change by points, and even when the pedal is pressed, the voltage "Rx" does not drop to zero, recheck d7 and d9.

RF voltages at the output of the generator are in the order of 1.2 - 1.5 (without preloading). For the transmission mode on the lower speaker R11 0.2 -0.4v (for the microphone, the line is "a")

The high-frequency signal on the VT3 emitter (URCH unit) can be no less than 1v.

The voltage on the grids to control, in the transfer mode in order - 22v.

The transformer at the input of the lamp may be close to 15-16 turns, the exact number is chosen experimentally at 28 MHz maximum.

The number of turns of the P-circuit is shorter than experimentally, by connecting the equivalent voltage of 75 ohms, maximum.

KV. CW/SSB transiver "PARUS"

V. Linkov RD4AG (їх RK9AF) [email protected]

Literature.

V. Pershin "Ural 84m"

B. Stepanov, G. Shulgin. "Radio77"

Y. Lapovok "I will be a radio station"

A destination transceiver for transmitting and receiving SSB and CW in the range of 28...29.7 MHz. Apparatus of impulses behind the scheme of direct conversion from a wild zmishuvach - a modulator for receiving and transmitting. The schematic diagram of the transceiver (without a telegraph node) is shown in figure 1. The transceiver can be divided into receiving and transmitting high-frequency and low-frequency paths, both modes are controlled by a zmishuvach modulator and a smooth range generator.

Technical characteristics of the transiver:

1. Sensitivity of the reception mode with a signal/noise ratio of 10 dB, not higher than ........ 1 μV.
2. The dynamic range of the receiving tract, vibrating behind the two-signal method, is close to 80 dB.
3. Smuha transmission of the receiving path beyond the line -3db .................................................. .......2700Hz.
4. Width of the spectrum of one-smoking transmission for an hour of transmission .............................................. .. ...................2700 Hz.
5. Carrying frequency and non-working bichna smuha should not be higher than lower by ................... 40 dB.
6. Output intensity of transmission in CW mode at 75 Ohm input ............................................ 7 W.
7. Viewing the local oscillator frequency after 30 minutes of warming up after switching on no more than 200 Hz / year.

Generator of smooth range (GPA) of wobbles on two field transistors VT5 and VT6 Vіn works on a frequency that is equal to half the frequency of the signal that is received or transmitted. While receiving and transmitting the output of the GPA lancet, they are not switched, and the direction of the GPA is changed. As a result, when switching from reception to transmission or back again, the frequency of the GPA is not changed.

Nalashtuvannya in the boundaries of the range zdіysnyuєtsya behind the help of a replaceable capacitor with a reinforced C10 dielectric, which enters the GPA circuit to the warehouse. In the SSB transmission mode, the signal from the microphone is strengthened by the operational switch A2 and goes to the phaser on the elements L10, L11, C13, C14, R6, R7, which in the frequency range of 300 ... 3000 Hz ensures a safe phase at 90 °.

At the L4 C5 circuit, which serves to the high voltage noises on the VD1-VD8 diodes, a signal of the upper white smog is seen in the range of 28-29.7 MHz. High-frequency wide-range phase shifter L8 R5 C9 in the same range ensures the sound phase at 90 °. The single signal is seen through the capacitor C6 to go to the three-stage voltage suppression transistors VT7-VT9. The cascade of the forward reinforcement and the decoupling of the output circuit of the shifter-modulator of the vibrations on the VT9 transistors.

High inlet support at a low capacity C6 ensures a minimal influx of pressure relief on the circuit. The collector lance VT9 has a contour, overlapping in the middle of the range. The intermediate stage on the field-effect transistor VT8 is used in the mode class "B", and the output stage in the mode class "C".

"P"-like low-pass filter on L12 C25 and C26 cleans the output signal from high-frequency harmonics and ensures the comfort of the output support of the output stage with the antenna support. The RA1 ammeter is used to monitor the stream to the drain of the output transistor and show the correct setting of the "P" filter.

Fig.2
The telegraph mode is ensured by changing the substation A2 generator of a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 600 Hz (Figure 2). The CW-SSB mic is required for the help of the S1 mic. The telegraph key controls the sound of the VT11 substation of the generator, and also, the supply of a low-frequency signal to the modulator.

In the live reception mode 42, the transmission cascades do not need to be switched on. The same voltage is applied to the 12V cascade of the receiving path.

The signal from the antenna should go to the input circuit L2 C3 through the coil linkage L1 out to fit the circuit with the antenna support. On the VT1 transistors, the URL is fixed. The coefficient of strength of the cascade depends on the voltage displacement from another gate (dilnik on resistors R1 and R2).

The circuit L4C5 serves as the destination of the cascade, the connection to the cascade of the URF and from the circuit is used for the auxiliary coil of the link L3. From the coils of the link L5, the signal should go to one demodulator on diodes VD1-VD8. Coils L8, L9 and phase shifters on L10 and L11 see the AF signal in smooth frequencies of 300 ... 3000 Hz, which through the capacitor C15 is at the input of the operating switch A1.

The strength of the microcircuit determines the main sensitivity of the transceiver in the receive mode. Dalі sleduє pіdsilyuvach AF on transistors VT2-VT4, with the output of which the AF signal should go to the small-sized speaker B1. The thickness of the receiver is regulated by the help of a changeable resistor R15.

With the method of incapacitation of loud clatter when switching between the "RX-TX" modes, live on the UMZCH on transistors VT2-VT4 is applied both when receiving and when transmitting.

Most of the transceiver parts are installed on three other boards, some of which are shown in Figures 3-5. On the first board, details of the input UR4 of the receiving path (on transistors VT1), details of the zmishuvach - modulator with phase-shifting circuits, as well as details of the local oscillator. On the other board - low-frequency stages on microcircuits A1 and A2 and transistors VT2-VT4. On the third plate, there is a support for tension in the transmission tract. The board is made with a shifter-modulator, UR4 and GPA are screened.

The transceiver chassis has a width of 350 mm and a depth of 310 mm. On the front panel you can see all the handles, the socket for the microphone and the telegraph key. The speaker is also installed on the front panel, screwed with MZ bolts through gum gaskets. Switching between the "RX-TX" modes is carried out by the pedal, as it switches on the voltage of 42 V and controls two electromagnetic relays, one of them switches the antenna, and the other voltage 12 to the receiving path.

The relay windings are energized with a voltage of 42, and in the non-intrusive station, turn on the receive mode (RX). Sockets for connecting antennas, pedals and dzherela 12 places on the back panel.