Vlashtuvannya babini zalyuvannya. Powering the ignition coil is the principle of robotics. Coil defects, which are not detected by the tester

1. Zagalni vіdomosti

In the largest systems of ignition with accumulated energy in the inductance, the ignition coil is not only driven by a pulse transformer (or by an autotransformer), but also by accumulating energy.

As an inductive accumulator of energy, an inflamed cat is due to the mother of the magnetic field, as it is called the inductance of a coil. To increase the inductance of the primary winding of the ignition coil, a ferromagnetic core is stuck. So that the core is not filled with the first strum, so that it is inevitable to bring to a change in energy, which accumulates in the magnetic field, the magnetic conductor is roiled by the rozimknem. It allows you to create ignition coils with an inductance of the primary winding of 5 ... 10 mH, with a maximum value of the primary stream of 3 ... 4 A. Such parameters of the coil are acceptable for a contact battery ignition system, since such a system 3 ... 4 A through fast progressive erosion and burning of the contact steam of the bridle (the maximum allowable surge on the contacts is 4 A).

In coils with inductance Lk=10 mH for maximum struma I1= 4 A і KKD=50%, it is possible to store electromagnetic energy Wk of more than 40 mJ (Wk=Lk*I*I/2).

The first nearby has enough for a stable functioning of the ignition system in all modes of the internal combustion engine (DVZ). However, due to the increase in the "turnover" of the engine and the number of the 1st cylinder, the jet will rise to the contact pair through the large inductance of the coil, not reaching its maximum value. ignited) and energy, which is stored in inductance, begins to fall rapidly (following a quadratic law). If the accumulator does not charge up to the rozrahunk value, the electric disruption force (EPS) of self-induction at the secondary winding of the ignition coil, and also, the secondary (vihdna) voltage of the ignition system becomes smaller. As a result, the reserve coefficient for the secondary pressure in the contact system is even low (no more than 1.2).

Slid to bend, the zbilhennyas of the ilkudkitan winding of the cat, the fan -yellow 10 ... 11 mn to the house of the pirdvishennya, the stock of the fabric is not in the contact system, so the yak at the zyoma is the primary struggle on the parties of the Dvsovs. . When the inductance of the accumulative speed is changed, the growth of the primary stream increases proportionally, and the active support of the primary winding decreases. In this way, by changing the inductance of the primary winding, it is possible to increase the strum up to 9 ... 10 A and charge it with a strum, changing the hour of energy accumulation. When the energy is stored, it grows up to 80...100 mJ. All the same, we can replace the contact pair in the primary winding of the ignition coil with a transistor key (electronic switch). Now, with sufficient supra-mundane energy, accumulated in the cauldron, it is possible to standardize the hour of accumulation with the method of pidtrimki, the stream is opened in the given boundaries. This ensures the stabilization of the parameters of the ignition system in all modes of operation of the DVZ, including the relief of starting a cold engine for an hour when the voltage drops in the vehicle’s on-board vehicle.

Let's take a look at the coil zapalyuvannya like moving a pulse transformer. The coil will replace two windings - the primary and the secondary windings, wound on a hot core of an open-circuited magnetic circuit, wired with a magnetic electrical steel. The primary winding is made up of a small number of turns, and the secondary winding is made up of a large number of turns of a thin thread. In ignition systems with accumulated energy in inductance, the primary winding of the ignition coil is connected directly to the side of the vehicle. At the same time, a strum flows through it, which induces a magnetic field around the coils. The power lines of the field, flashing around the coil, pierce the turns of both windings. At the time of the opening of the lancet in the magnetic field of the coil, electromagnetic energy Wk is accumulated. Reset the primary struma I1 until the magnetic field appears and induction at the turns of both windings of the EPC self-induction. The value of the EPC induced in this way is proportional to the induction of the stored magnetic field and the speed of its occurrence, as well as to the number of turns in the windings. Since the secondary winding is built up over a large number of turns, then EPC, induced at the secondary winding, reaches a significant value (in modern coils - up to 35,000), with too much sufficient for the breakdown of a spark gap in the fuse candles. Induced EPC at the first winding does not transfer 500 Art.

Attach that parameters of a particular ignition coil to lie down according to the type of ignition system in which the coil is used. Let's take a look at the features of the coils of various ignition systems.

2. Design and parameters of a classic scorching coil

Є electric autotransformer with rozіknenim magnetic lance and with great inductance of the primary winding.

The core of 2 coils of pickings is made from plates of electrical steel with a thickness of 0.35 ... 0.5 mm, insulated one type of one with scale and varnish. Sometimes the core is made at the sight of a package with a burnt steel dart. An insulating tube 16 is put on the core, a secondary winding 4 is wound on top of it. The primary winding 15 is wound on the secondary. Case 1 of the coil is stamped from sheet steel or cast from aluminum. In the middle of the body, according to the 1st line of the regulations, it is the same in terms of the length to the windings of the magnetic conductor 14, and there is a seemingly wide band of electrical steel. In the electrical version, this winding is a wide strichkovy coil around the coil, connected with paper insulation and grounding with one point on the body. The magnetic bearing has such a coil from a burnt steel line with an intermediate screen for the magnetic field of the coil.

The windings of the coil are stepped on: the cob of the secondary winding is pulled back by the high voltage VR. The end of the secondary winding and the cob of the primary winding are connected to each other and brought up to the clamp 10 (terminal "B"). The end of the primary winding is connected from the clamp 7 (terminal "-"), which is connected to the overflow.

Vision of high voltage from the coil can be priming in the original way. The cob of the secondary winding is located under high potential and connected to the central strand 2 of the magnetic circuit (point 13 or 18 in Fig. 1). Farther, through the shear 2 and electrical connection 11, the high voltage of the secondary winding is on contact 9 of the high-voltage central injection 8 of the coil. In this way, the central shear of the magnetic circuit is wound on the new secondary winding - the high-voltage core of the coil is ignited and is located at a sufficient, from the point of view of the electric power, in the distance from the body. Schob Sercevina Bula Zhorstko was stuck in corps, ale was not small in them with electrichic contact, the nizya was launched by the Kramiychyu support 17, and the hull of the plastmasovs of Krishki 6. The winding of Yak Nizkototenteni, Ale Bilsh, get closer to the sour casing (the body of the cat). Since empty between the body and the windings in the middle of the coil are filled with transformer oil (or other heat-conducting lining) 12, then such a design can not only achieve high electrical and mechanical strength, but also a good heat exchange with the "mass" of the car casing.

Implemented in this way, internal electrical insulation and naturally cooled coils promote the term of service and operational reliability.

The ignition coil is fastened to the car body for additional brackets 3. More fastening is applied to the shortest cooling of the coil.

Actuators of the coil are ignited with an additional resistor, which sounds to install a fastening bracket in a ceramic insulator (small 2).

The winding circuit for such coils has been changed. So, the main point of connection of the primary W1 and secondary W2 windings is connected not with terminal B ("+" the voltage of the side guard), but through terminal 1 with the overflow ("-" voltage of the side guard). At the end of the primary winding, it is connected to the auxiliary terminal VKi far through the auxiliary resistor Rd- to terminal B. In this way, the auxiliary resistor is connected to the primary winding of the ignition coil in series and the winding is switched to a reduced voltage of 7 ... 8 V. set 12 ... 14 V in the car's boarder. In the starting modes of the engine, if the voltage on the battery drops, the additional resistor is shorted by the auxiliary contacts of the starter traction relay or by the contacts of the auxiliary relay of the starter on (depending on the brand of the car), which ensures that the primary winding of the ignition coil is required to work with voltage 7 ... 8.

The dodatkovy resistor sounds wound around a constantan or nickel-plated wire. Razі vіn wins the role of pro variator. Opir of the variator changes in the fallow of the size of the strum, which flows in a new way: the more the strum, the more the temperature of the heating of the variator and the more it is opir. The value of the primary struma, which is squandered by the coil, is deposited as the frequency of wrapping the crankshaft of the engine. At a low wrapping frequency, if the strength of the primary struma at the time of the first transition reaches its maximum value, the variator operation is also maximum. When the frequency is increased, the wrapping strength of the primary struma drops, the heating of the variator is weaker and the other opir changes. So Yak Securinna Podruug, pusking the cat -shockwall, laying the vid Strum to the primary Lantsyuzi, then the gap of the waretor of the tunnel of the tunnel of the napruit at the great frequency of the vest, zbіlshennyam frequency wrap. As an additional resistor, the values ​​of constantan, do not show variations in power. An additional resistor can also be installed in the same way as a coil. On some cars, for example, on cars manufactured by AvtoVAZ, an additional resistor in the system is ignited during the day, which is connected to the stoking of the battery with the start-up power, the voltage, which decreases insignificantly when the engine is started.

The ignition coil, like a transformer that moves, is characterized by the number of turns in the windings. The number of turns to lie at the boundaries of 180 ... 330 - for the primary and 18 000 ... 26 000 - for the secondary windings. The diameter of the core of the primary winding is 0.53...0.86 mm, and the secondary winding is 0.07...0.095 mm. Transformation coefficient - 55...100. For ignition coils without additional resistor opir R1 of the primary winding - 2.9 ... 3.4 Ohm. If the ignition coil is connected to the lances through an additional resistor, then the primary winding opir is changed to 1.5 ... 2.1 ohms. With the help of the opir of the additional resistor in the fallage in the type of coil - 0.9 ... 1.9 Ohm. Opir R2 of the secondary winding can become a few dozen kilos. The value of the inductance L1 of the primary winding of the ignition coil for ignition systems with inductive storage energy is in the range of 6 ... 11 mH. In systems of ignition with єmnіsnіsnim storable _inductance of the primary winding of the ignited coil is not є storаchіvаvаchії ї, that її znachennya can be significantly smaller (up to 0.1 mH). The inductance L2 of the secondary winding becomes a few dozens of generations.

Coils, which are used in contact systems for priming, ensure the onset of external characteristics:
- maximum secondary voltage 18...20 kV;
- speed of secondary voltage increase 200...250 V/µs;
- Total trivality of phases of the spark discharge 1.1...1.5 ms;
- Energy of spark discharge 15 ... 20 mJ.

3. Ignition coils for electronic ignition systems

Three times the coils for electronic ignition systems were made with electrically separated windings, tobto. with transformer sound. With such a circuit, one of the secondary windings is connected to the coil body, that is. with the "weight" of the car. It was important that the stasis of the transformer circuit of the switching on of the windings can be overcome by the rewiring of the output transistor of the commutator by an additional surge of voltage, which is to blame for the primary winding and the hour of discharge processes at the secondary lance of the ignition system. This assertion is only fairer, if the body of the coil is not in contact with the "mass" of the car. However, the oxidized contact, which is often used in operation, can lead to damage, which becomes the reason for the switch power transistor to go out of tune. Therefore, in a given hour, the coils of contact-transistor and transistor ignition systems are fired from an autotransformer circuit for winding windings.

The primary winding of the coil in such systems is low-resistance and is connected to the power supply, as a rule, through a wine additional resistor. Sometimes a block of two additional resistors is installed. Then one of the resistors is permanently connected to the strum at the low-resistance primary lance, and the other resistor plays the role of the additional resistor, like in the classical contact system of the fuse.

Coils inflamed, rozrakhovanі to work with a transistor key, є pushy spozhivacha electrical energy. As a reminder, if on a car with an electronic ignition system, if the generator set is in order, then on a battery it is possible to pass more than a few dozen kilometers, just like on a car with a contact system of ignition - a hundred kilometers into a similar one.

Coils of contact-transistor and transistor ignition systems have a classic design and vikonan for traditional technology: oil-filled stench, with a pink magnetic circuit and in a metal case. In the coils of the contact system, the stench is blown out by winding denim. Winding midwidth they have is equal to the coils of the primary contact system by 1.2 ... 1.3 times more for the increase in the diameter of the core of the primary winding and the increase in the number of turns in the secondary winding. The specific characteristics of coils of contact-transistor and transistor ignition systems are close to the characteristics of coils of contact systems. However, the rest of the stench must be paid for the rapid increase in the secondary voltage (100 ... 200 V / μs) and, as a result, it is sensitive to the infusion of soot on candles.

In high-energy electronic ignition systems with a normalized accumulation time (the hour of the primary stream running through), the ignition coils are stuck, similar designs can be seen more: they can stench an autotransformer circuit for winding and connecting magnetic conductors. Ale oskіlki tsі kotushki rozvizhivat podvischennu pririnnu naprugu when working on vіdkritiy lansyug (up to 35 kV), їhnya high-voltage _izoljatsіya is reinforced. In addition, when choosing the parameters of coils for modern electronic ignition systems, the following features of robotic systems are insured:
- trivality of the impulses of the primary stream is formed in such a way that there is a minimum of pressure in the coil on the power transistor of the commutator;
- an hour of overrunning the primary stream to lie down due to the frequency of wrapping the crankshaft of the engine and the voltage of life;
- the amplitude of the impulses of the primary stream is less than equal to 6.5.10 A, depending on the type of electronic switch;
- in case of an impractical motor, a little more inflamed, the strum at the primary winding of the inflamed coil does not leak.

A constructive feature of the coils is the ignition, which is locked in electronic systems with a normalized hour of energy accumulation, - the presence of a special shut-off valve at the high-voltage roof or in the line of rolling the cover with the body. This valve opens at a different pressure of the oil, which can be at a higher temperature. Valve activation - this is an emergency situation, which is to blame, if the control system for the time of energy accumulation in the electronic switch goes out of tune. In case of overrunning of the primary struma, the coil heats up strongly and the pressure of the oil in the middle of the body moves. Spratsyuvannya zahisnogo valve zabobіgaє vibuha kotki. Ale, the next cat is not recognizable. The representative of such coils is coil 27.3705, which is widely used at the warehouse of the electronic ignition system, for example, on VAZ-2108, 09 cars. 6 ... 7 U) are provided with an additional low support of the primary winding (0.4 ... 0.5 Ohm).

4. Pickling coils for microprocessor pickling systems

On fig. 3 shows a diagram of the ignition system output cascade for a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine.

Schob cherguvannya spalahіv palivno-povіtryаnoї sumіshі in tsіlіndra vіdpovіdal order dvigun (1243 or 1342), the first candle is grouped with the fourth, and the other - with the third. With such a candle, "working" sparks appear in the cylinders like the squeezing beat, and "idle" sparks - like the exhaust beat. It is clear that the working sparks are sparing the fire-fighting summish, and the unfriendly ones are being discharged in the middle of the gases.

The first two-wire ignition coils were made on the basis of traditional single-coil coils with a pink magnetic circuit in an oil-filled metal case. The stench was small and the dimensions and weight were significantly improved in the design of the prototype. Such cats did not know a wide zastosuvannya.

The development of new polymeric materials, which have high dielectric power, has made it possible to create the so-called "dry" double-fed coils.

Two-wire coil (small 4) can be connected to the magnetic conductor and two-section secondary winding. The secondary winding is ripped to the primary winding, which ensures the superior insulation of the high voltage windings. Cooling of the primary winding - through the central shear of the magnetic circuit, which is the name of the main winding. The windings of the coil are leaked with a compound and pressed with polypropylene, with propylene also with a casing, nests of high-voltage and low-voltage windings.

Nine daedals of a larger width are filled with transformers zapalyuvannya, tobto. double coils ignited from a closed magnetic circuit 1 (Fig. 5).

In such coils, the secondary winding is a frame sectional winding, which allows changing the secondary capacitance and strengthening the insulation of the secondary winding. The coil has a plastic frame 9, which has a built-in winding. When folded, the windings are filled with epoxy compound 8. Coil in the assembly with windings and visnovki є monolithic construction with high resistance to mechanical, electrical and climatic infusions.

The core of the coil 1, made of thin sheets of electrical steel, is made up of two symmetrical halves, when they are pulled together at the central sheath, a gap of 0.3 ... 7, 4). The presence of a closed magnetic circuit allows you to change the dimensions and coil of the coil, increase the KKD conversion energy, change the winding rod and electrical steel, improve the parameters of the spark discharge, reduce the labor intensity of preparation.

In some modifications of microprocessor ignition systems, there are two ignition coils, which are made up of two double coils, selected on a shrouded W-like magnetic circuit (Fig. 6). In such a design, the heating element has a middle shear to the magnetic circuit, and the mutual injection of two coils one by one is turned off behind the help of two repeated gaps. The size of these gaps can reach 1 ... 2 mm, which increases the magnetic support at the magnetic conductor and the opening of the channels is reached.

The most expanded is the scheme of a chotirivive coil with high-voltage diodes (Fig. 7), in order to avenge two conventionally wound primary windings and one secondary winding. The polarity of the secondary voltage is determined by the direct laying of the turns at the primary windings. If at point S (div. Fig. 7) the voltage has a positive polarity, then high-voltage diodes VD1, VD4 are switched on, and sparks are discharged in the upper cylinders of the engine (working and idle sparks). The other primary winding is wound around the winding straight, and when it is interrupted, the polarity of the secondary voltage at point S changes to negative. In case of any spark, fire at two cylinders of the engine with candles FV2 and FV3. To turn off the mutual injection of the primary windings during the period of high voltage impulses to the low voltage, switch on the diodes VD5, VD6.

To the deep shortfalls of the systems of ignition from two chotirivive coils one can see the different polarity of the high-voltage impulses of the "mass" of the car on the paired candles of the ignition. For the rakhunok of which the penetrating voltage of the candles can be increased by 1.5 ... 2 kV.

In ignition systems with accumulated energy in the tank, the ignition coil only functions as a pulse transformer, which moves, and in this case, the dimensions can be significantly changed. This allows you to prepare individual coils for sealing the skin candles and mount them directly on the candles (Fig. 8b).

For such a system, high-voltage wires are not needed, as if it were a dzherelom switch. In addition, an unfriendly spark turns off. The second voltage is more likely to increase and there is less negative polarity, which continues the term of the service of the candle.

For microprocessor ignition systems with accumulated energy in the inductance, individual single-mode ignition coils are used with a closed magnetic circuit - the so-called transformers of the ignition (div. Fig. 8).

Coils, which are used in warehouses of modern electronic and microprocessor systems for ignition with accumulated energy in inductance, provide high output characteristics:
- maximum secondary voltage up to 35 kV;
- Speed ​​of yoga growth >700 V/µs;
- Total trivality of phases of the spark discharge 2.0...2.5 ms;
- Energy of spark discharge 80 ... 100 mJ.

The high level of the secondary voltage and the parameters of the spark discharge are capable of accumulating a higher number of high vigor, which hang up to a modern car engine with economy and toxicity. The increase in heat build-up of the secondary voltage to rob the ignition system is less sensitive to soot-burning thermal cone of a spark candle. However, with a 20 ... 30% increase in the breakdown voltage on the candles, which is explained by the sumirnist hour of the formation of a spark discharge at the candle with an hour of increase in the secondary voltage. With a large margin for secondary stress, it is important.

5. Technical service

The coil must be clean, as well as other high-voltage elements of the ignition system. Often after a car's accident, the presence of water on the roof of the cat is filled with water, which is the reason for starting the engine. Therefore, in quiet weather, if you can take a vologer in a car (a miyka, a board, a parking lot when the water level rises), it is necessary to dry it before the trip, or wipe dry the high-voltage elements of the ignition system. With special respect, screw up the high-voltage coils of the coil to the point of respect. If the high-voltage wire is not inserted all the way into the socket of the coil, it can lead to a breakdown of the insulation, which can be seen behind the burnout of the lid or the melting of the plastic coating (shell) to the body. Even though the high-voltage contact of the coil is black, but the insulation is not broken, the contact should be cleaned to a shine with a shattered brush, a curled tube. So just follow the tip of a high-voltage rod. After the sweeps, they are relocated to the dart plant in the contact nest. If necessary, the overhang of the contact can be reached by the greater width of the opening of the high-voltage tip of the wire.

The safety of the superficial fastening of the coil to the body of the car is ahead of the appearance of mechanical failures and the improvement of cooling. In addition, in contact-transistor and transistor systems, ignition with coils of the type B114, B116, in some windings, a transformer link can be made, zapobіgaє out of the fret of the power transistor of the switch.

The inadequacy of the classic design of the cat can be revealed with an even glance from a distant re-verification of practicality "on the spark". With a good look, you can find cracks and electrical weeping on the roof near the high-voltage lead. To recalibrate the coil "to spark" the central high-voltage wire should be inserted into the socket and roztashovuyut yogo at a distance of 5.10 mm from the body of the dvigun. Then, with a starter, rotate the camshaft of the engine and watch for sparks in the gap between the tip of the high-voltage rod and the "mass". In the contact system ignition, it is possible to reverse the spark without wrapping the crankshaft. For whom you need to know the cover of the sump and install the contacts of the sump at the closures of the camp. Then, after raising the fire of the overheating valve or the rotor of the sump, the contacts will flicker and flicker. Bezperebіyne іskroutvorennya svіdchit about the correctness of the cat zasaluvannya.

The dual coils for ignition of microprocessor systems and high-energy electronic ignition systems are converted "to a spark" from the ignition of a special portable discharger (Fig. 9).

It is necessary to fight in order not to take away injuries, or not to put the electronic accessories on the car in order. For the help of a discharger, you can accurately reduce the second voltage on the coil, whether it be zapalyuvannya. The gap between the gaps between the gaps of the arrester may lie linearly in the presence of a voltage applied to them at the time of the appearance of a spark (div. graph in Fig. 9).

For the presence of sparks in the gaps between the motor housing and the tip of the drota, through the central outlet of the socket, or between the electrodes of the arrester, the re-calibration of the coil is completed by rewiring the winding supports. If the values ​​of the supports seem to be normal (div. table), and the high-voltage spark is not to blame, then in the coil there may be a high-voltage (non-control in a simple way) test insulation between coils or on the case.

Such an inconsistency can only be revealed at a special testing stand. Whether the cat is inflamed in some way, in some way a malfunction is revealed, that replacement is not repaired.

At the end of the next step, it is important that the written tsієї statti was scored, more importantly, the information from the widows of the cats was inhaled (div. table). If there is a cost for the septic tank of imported cars, then the stench may be even more similar parameters and constructive indicators, the shards are redeemed and prepared for absolutely similar principles. It has been realized that the replacement of imported coils ignited by domestic products is possible and entirely acceptable. Least of the mother on the uvaz, that the coils of ignition in different types of systems of ignition are not interchangeable, for example, the battery coil of ignition is not practicable in the electronic system and on the other hand - their parameters are different.

When replacing the ignition coil in the middle of the day, choose a coil with similar working parameters, as if not guilty, they are more lower by 20 ... 30%, and the coils themselves are guilty of the same design.

At the table, like a butt, we saw in a row the parameters of interchangeable coils for pickling.

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The ignition coil is another element in the sequence of the ignition system of the car engine. The operation of the ignition coil is similar to the functions of a transformer and is based on a converted low-voltage voltage from the battery (starter) battery of a car, a high-voltage voltage that is generated for the ignition candles, after which the ignition is summarily-fired.

The coil is made up of primary and secondary windings, an injection core and a casing with insulation. On the core, recruited from thin metal plates, two windings of thick and thin copper core are wound.

The principle of the robotic ignition coil is similar to that of the transformer. When a voltage is applied to the lance of the primary winding, a magnetic field is created near the coil. The secondary winding of the coil is self-inducted and generates a voltage. The voltage is transformed to be fed to the spark plugs through a separate attachment, and the high-voltage discharge is tripled, the docks are created by a cat, the energy will not be drained.

Change the cat

On this day, there is a sufficient number of types of ignition coils, which can be installed both on old domestic cars with carburetor engines, and on more modern cars with uninterrupted pressure fires.

The hull coils are installed on the car with a mechanical igniter, de-spoiler, wrapping, applying a high-voltage voltage to the skin priming candle in the singing sequence. Such a method of switching and power supply does not stagnate in a modern car through small terms of service and low pressure.

A coil with an electronic igniter, or a rozpodilna coil that does not require an additional contact cascade relay for its work, even with the development of technologies in microelectronics, it has become possible to integrate such a relay into the coil itself. Such a coil pіdіyde for avtomobilіv іz mekhanіchny rozpodіl zapalyuvannya.

A two-spark ignition coil allows you to generate voltage for the spark plugs at the same time in two engine cylinders in one revolution of the crankshaft, with which it is possible to use the ignition system between the ignition system and the rozpodilny shaft is not needed. Such coils dotally fit only in engines with a pair of cylinders, for example, for a motor with two cylinders, two coils are needed, for a sixth - three;

The "intellectual" plug-in coil is ignited with a single spark and is installed directly on the skin ignited candle. The design and functional characteristics of such a coil allow it to be used in the presence of high-voltage wires in the system, and if necessary, a good clamping (clamp), rozrahovani on a high voltage. Due to their compactness and compactness, the coils are stuck in cars with a small amount of free underhood space, but compact does not mean less efficient. The plug cat can easily compete with its brothers.

The advantages of the cat є:

1. The largest wide range of nalashtuvannya kuta vyperedzhennya zapalennya.
2. Diagnostics of ignition bypasses from the primary and secondary windings.
3. Iskrogasinnya at the secondary lance for the help of a high-voltage diode.

To set up such attachments of engines with any number of cylinders, it is necessary here to synchronize with the positions of the rozpodilny shaft for an additional input sensor.

Faulty coils and their diagnostics

The ignition coil is still the most important element of the system, but it does not mention all kinds of faults, often associated with the lack of rules of operation. Let's take a look at the most common signs of an inflamed coil:

• Unstable turns of the engine on an unfriendly course.
• The failure of the engine with a sharp blow of the throttle shutter.
• Engaged in "Check".
• Every day is a spark.

In the first black, in case of a breakdown of the ignition system, you should visually look around the cat and find cracks, charring, and also check the temperature and water content. As if the cat is warming up, we can tell about those who became intermittently zamikannya and attachments for replacements. The volog_st has been advanced at the mist, where the cat is inflamed, so it can itself be known on the robot dvigun. If the cat is dry, without cracks, boiling and not hot, but if the system is still in trouble, it is necessary to carry out diagnostics.

If the car does not start, then the starter is spinning, but the engine does not come on fire, which may mean that there is no spark from the ignition coil.

1. How to convert the spitting coil into a test case for a contactless system? It is necessary to cut high-voltage wires, rotting in the center of the pitting pad and rotting the wires on the stand approximately 5 mm from the metal body of the engine. Then the starter rotates the engine shaft and it is possible for the presence of sparks in the gaps between the contact part of the high-voltage drota, which they saw through the rozpodilnik, that the engine body (mass).
2. In the contact system of ignition, during the procedure, the rotation of the crankshaft by the starter is turned off, and at the same time: we remove the cover of the ignition distributor and install the contacts of the voltage switch at the closures of the mills. Let's turn on the ignition of the heater, switch on and off the contacts. In the presence of a spark in the gaps between a dart and a mass, we can talk about the correct work of the cat’s zapalyuvannya.

As the diagnostics of the ignition coil revealed the presence of a spark, it is necessary to review the evaluation of the ignition coil. For which one you will need a standard multimeter, or an ohmmeter and a technical passport for the coil, you can look through all the parameters, including the windings. Before that, how to turn the coil over, we see all the darts and hand-by-hand opir both windings, with which the opir of the primary winding can be smaller, lower at the secondary. As in the course of the war, it happened that the operation of both windings was in accordance with the factory parameters, and when rewired “for a spark”, there was no spark itself, it was possible to make a visnovok, which became a breakdown of the insulation between the turns and the body.

Replacement of a cat

In times of failure of the cat, that impossibility and її revival won’t be replaced. You can buy the same original one, or you can buy a similar one, for which their characteristics are not to blame, they will be more lower by 20-30 cm, and also the mother is also fixed and structurally better. For example, for domestic cars VAZ-2108 - 2109 with electronic coils 27.3705 in the case of a domestic cleaner, it is not necessary to check the parameters of the coil 0.221.122.022 from Bosch. And here the parameters are changed from 10 to 15%.

Summing up, it can be seen that when the article was written, the real information about the problems, with which skin water was sticking, was won. All coils are practically not compatible with each other according to the principle of dії, but not all of them are mutually interchangeable, for example, coils with a mechanical flare-up can not be used with a non-contact rozpodіl and navpaki.

If you have any food vinicks - remove them from the comments under the article. Mi chi ours vіdvіduvachi z gladіstyu vіdpovimo on them

The ignition coil is an important part of the system for launching a vehicle. Without її zastosuvannya not reach the start of the engine. It is impossible to start the engine without a battery, the shards will not form the first spark.

It is easy to finish this detail, but otherwise, like other details and elements of the car, it will go out of tune. The reason may be an incompatibility or a factory defect. The coils are not equipped with a standard start of the robot's motor. As soon as you add it, you will find it in harmony with the movement, which is already working, it will automatically bring you to the same tooth again.

Knowing the correct nutrition, how to misread the cat, is the simplest and most reliable way to reveal the inconsistency of the details and understanding, you need a change.

Appointment

The main purpose of the ignition coil is the transformation of a low-voltage electric stream, which goes out of the battery or into the generator, at a special electric impulse to deliver a high voltage. During the course of this process, the sparks vibrate in the candles, which is necessary to start the engine.

Robotic principle

The principle of the work described will be added to finish the simple. At the primary winding of the coil, a low-voltage voltage is supplied, which creates a magnetic field. Sometimes, the voltage is similar across the coil, priyayayuchi themselves sharp shortness of the magnetic field that is created in the coils of the coil of ignition of the optimum electrically disruptive force.

Vidpovidno to the law of physics with electromagnetic induction, an indicator of electro-destructive force, which is established, is directly proportional to the number of turns in the circuit. The very reason for the secondary coil, where there are more turns, is a high voltage impulse. Vіn pass through high-voltage wires and are fed to the zaplyuvannya candle. Zavdyaks to this impulse, which is transmitted by the cat, between the electrodes of the candle, a spark is established, which occupies a repeated-palit sum.

In more old models of automobiles, the voltage from the coil of the pickling was transmitted to the candles for the help of the pickle. A similar scheme did not recognize the supremacy, so the candle coils of burning modern cars were combined into a special system and distributed strictly one by one per skin candle.

See the cat

At the moment, there are three main types of scorching cat. Leather from them are characterized by their design features and require more respectful consideration:

• classical ones, which are distinguished on cars with ignition systems, de present rozpodilnik;
• dvuvividnі - vikoristovuyutsya in the system of standard ignition with direct supply of electric voltage;
• individually - one cat was recognized in this system of skin candles.

All three species are similar in their design, with a few nuances. The classic version consists of two windings - secondary and primary. A friend with whom to take refuge in the middle of the first. The difference between the windings is poked at the number of turns of the vicarious dart, as well as at the comrade’s dart.

At the inner part of these windings, a core is placed, vikonanie from ferromagnetic metal. Leather winding may have two visnovkas. In the primary stench, insults are incoming. At the second one, one winding is left, and the other is closed with the primary winding. All of the above elements are placed in a hermetic case. If it’s visnovkiv, then the stench comes out on the lid of the case.

A double coil in the classic version is immersed in the presence of two cores - the inner one, which is located in the windings, and also the outer one, which is located above them. The replacement of one high-voltage introduction of the secondary winding option, in a similar coil there are only two.

What is the cost of an individual cat, it looks like it, that the beast is not placed first, but the second winding. At the same time, a high-voltage visnovok її adjoining to a special tip, which is dressed for the removal of candles.

All types of coils are unrecognizable and do not require repair. These elements must be reviewed and corrected in due course. It is even more important, shaving shards or winding flickering can cause malfunctions in the robot, and also cause the engine to become completely unusable.

The main faults of the ignition coil and their causes

The reasons for the appearance of a cat litter of various malfunctions may be sprat. The middle of the widest ones can be called as follows:

1. I’ll build a short hum at the inner part.
2. Overheating of the coil through її progressive wear.
3. Saving time for charging the cat. Tse vinikaє through a low voltage, it is a weak battery. Nadalіtse to bring before the hourly wear or until the increased attention to the control block of the fuse.
4. Damage to the tightness of the knots in the engine. Leaks can be the cause of the flickering, calling for damage to the robotic ignition system.

Cause the exit from the fret of the coils of the frying it is necessary to know. Even if you don’t lose them, the rizik closes with a quick exit from the fret of new elements.

Symptoms of inadequacies, otherwise What is the next thing to respect

If you want some kind of cat, you have a transport facility, after the first hour of operation, you can get out of tune.

You can see the following signs of a faulty coil:

• weak rozgin;
• straining;
• hibni indicators on the panel of accessories;
• move engine to safe-mode;
• the most serious sign that the candle is out of the fret, the engine will not start.

Listed signs of a malfunction in a robotic coil of ignition can appear both in the singing mode of the robotic engine, and in the stationary one.

Instructions for rechecking the coil with a multimeter

Re-verification of the described element is a three-step process. Recovering from retelno training. Let's build up a visual inspection and everything will be finished with the testing of the system from the tasks of special devices.

The function of the coil can be changed on professional diagnostic stands at special services and dealer centers. To carry out independent verification, you need to use a multimeter. This tool is a universal diagnostic tool for the widest range of applications.

Preparatory operations

Before that, to begin the very diagnosis of the ignition coil, it is necessary to prepare a multimeter. Danish prilad can determine the exact indications of the voltage and the rіven of the electric support in ohms.

Today's cars have different types of pick-up coils installed. Parameters of the skin from the models of recognition of the PTS of the skin auto. It is necessary to know similar indicators in order to be able to carry out diagnostics. The re-verification is based on such a parameter, as if the coil is ignited, so that it is based on the secondary and primary windings. Just before the hour of re-verification, one should not try to show signs of support;

Zovnishhnіy glance

The old parameters of the system can be stalely in the model of the troch. There are such characteristic elements as:

• cap;
• frame;
• ruffled in the center of the cleme;
• two contacts.

In the process of visual inspection of the element, it is necessary to respectfully stand up for the hull and try to show cracks on the surface, as if they were missing woods. Oskіlki corps vykonany z ebonytu i, vіdpovіdno, don't let the strum, the inadequacy of the fittings of the farmer's life will be connected with internal poshkodzhenny.

As soon as the process of breeding will become the best characteristics of the cat, there are some problems, the element needs to be replaced with a new one. The new coil is able to meet all the necessary technical characteristics - winding support, trivality and spark energy. If there are no problems with the outward characteristics, you can proceed to rechecking the primary and secondary windings.

Rechecking the primary winding

At this stage, the multimeter needs to be brought to the minus and plus sides, and the attachment should be adjusted to the level of the support. Regardless of those that are attached to different cars, they are characterized by different values ​​of equal support, the indication is in the range of 0.4 - 2 Ohm.

As in the process of diagnosing attachments, it shows the value that is included in the given range, one can judge the accuracy of the attachment. The display shows a value of 0 Ohm directly talking about those that had a short flicker in the winding. As we take away the meanings of inconsistency, becoming a shave in an electric lance. After re-checking the primary winding, you can proceed before revealing problems from the secondary.

Rechecking the secondary winding

It is necessary to go to the positive contact and to the wires of high voltage. If there is a special plate core, the parameters of the support will be changed in the range of 6 - 9 kOhm. All other categories of coils are overwhelmed by 15 kOhm.

Comparison of results in comparison with normalized values

After re-verification and designation of the equal support of two categories of windings, all indications are required to be equal to the standard parameters set by the picker. Retelna perevyrka dvuёnoї kotushki - tse skladnіshe zavdannya. The primary winding in coils of such a plan is connected directly to the nest.

The standard scheme of a double coil is deshko vіdіznyаєєє vіd vіchаnї її її її znannya nebhіdne іn the process of rechecking the primary winding. The secondary winding can be called without any particular problems. For whom, just bring the tester to the high-voltage bet.

Coil defects, which are not detected by the tester

There are problems with the winding, which can be attributed to an additional multimeter, to find other defects, which cannot be attributed to an additional device. The greater number of them is seen in the eyes of the starry eye.

Among the problems of such a plan, it is possible to point out the inadequacy of the contact and the leakage of the oil with a strong vibration. Elementary overheating of the coil may indicate damage to the tightness.

Regardless of the detected malfunction, the cat cannot be repaired. All you can do is replace the part with a new element.

Visnovki

The car's pickling coil can be brought to the top and to the sensitive outbuildings. Be it as it is, instilling an insignificant deviation from the norms may lead to serious breakdowns and malfunctions of the car's elements during further operation. Do not forget about those that the cat is attached to them, which cannot be repaired. In case of malfunctions, the part needs to be replaced again.

(9 marks, average: 4,22 іz 5)

The last century of evolution of carburetor gasoline engines with a contact system of ignition of the coil (otherwise, the drivers of the past fates were often called “bobbins”) practically did not change the design of that look, which is a high-voltage transformer in a metal hermetic transformer, sealed glass. turns of windings that cooling.

The invisible partner of the coil is the trambler - a mechanical switch of low voltage and a high voltage switch. It is the fault of the bula to appear at the double cylinders, for example, the tact of squeezing the pale-spraying sum - strictly at the singing moment. The distributor zdіysnyuvav and the birth of a spark, and synchronization її with the cycles of the robotic engine, and lit a candle.

The classic oil-filled scorched cat - “bobina” (which in French meant “cat”) - was supernaturally nadіyna. In the case of mechanical injections, protecting the steel glass to the body, in case of overheating - efficient heat transfer through the oil, which fills the bottle. Prote zgіdno with low censorship in the original version of the verse “On the right, the bula was not in the bobbin - the idiot was sitting by the cabin ...”, it turns out that the bobina was on the bobbin for an hour, navit it like the water is not such an idiot ...

If you look at the scheme of the ignition contact system, you can see that when the motor is muffled, it will immediately sway in the crankshaft position, as if from the closed contacts of the low-voltage switch in the distributor, and from the sockets. Even if the motor is turned off in the front position of the crankshaft, in which the cam of the distributor, having closed the contacts of the overflow switch, which gives a low voltage to the primary winding of the coil, then if there is some reason, turning on the ignition, not starting the motor, and having left the key, the primary winding of the coil could overheat burn... For through it, having begun to pass a constant strum of 8-10 amperes, instead of an intermittent pulse.

Officially, the coil of the classic oil-filled type is non-repairable: after the ignition of the winding, it broke into a bruch. For a long time at car depots, electricians managed to repair the bobbins - they rolled up the body, poured oil, rewound the windings and took them again ... So, boules!

Less than after the mass flooding of non-contact ignition, when the contact of the distributor changed to electronic switches, the problem of ignition of the coils may have arisen. Most of the commutators were automatically switched on the jet through the spitting coil on the ignited, but not running engine. In other words, after turning on the ignition, it started due to a small time interval, and even if you didn’t start the engine for an hour, the switch automatically vibrated, protecting the coil, and overheating itself.

Dry cats

The next stage in the development of the classic fired coil was the oil-filled casing. "Wet" cats changed to "dry". Structurally, the cabula is practically the same cat, albeit without a metal body and olії, it is covered with a ball of epoxy compound for the protection of the beast from the saw and water. Pratsyuvala won at once with the distributor itself, and often you can sell it for sale and old “wet” cats, and new “dry” ones for the same model of car. The stinks were more mutually interchangeable, they seemed to make the wind stronger.

For an ordinary car driver, the change of technology from “wet” to “dry” did not, in fact, have any shortcomings. Like the rest, obviously, the bula was smashed like a kіsno. "Profіt" otrimuvali only vyrobniks, oskolki to prepare a "dry" cat deshcho simpler and cheaper. However, even the “dry” cots of foreign autobirobniks were thought out and prepared to be harvested relatively and served as a bed, skils and “wet”, radyansk and Russian “dry” bobbins gained filthy glory, small stones of the mass of problems were often found. for no good reason.

So what else, today the “wet” scorched cats were more likely to give up the “dry” mist, and the quality of the rest of the brewery’s brewery practically does not call out a narcissism.

Boules and hybrid coils: the primary “dry” coil and the primary contactless ignition switch were sometimes combined into a single module. Such designs were used, for example, on monopor Fords, Audis and others. From one side, it looked like a singing world technologically, from the other side, the price was reduced and the price increased. Aje two woozles, which warm up more kindly, were united into one, the same way they stink and cooled off more quickly, and when the other one went out of tune, the change was cheaper ...

Oh, and in the treasury of specific hybrids: on old Toyotas, there is often a variant of the cat, integrated directly into the distribution box of the distributor! It was integrated out, obviously, not tightly, and when you got out of the fret, the “bobbin” could be easily removed and brought back to life.

Ignition module - vіdmova vіd distributor

Remember the evolution of the cat world in the period of development of injection motors. The first injectors mali at their warehouse a “chastkovy distributor” - a low-voltage lance of the coil, already commuting the electronic block with a motor, and the axis sparkling through the cylinders, like before, distributing the classic rolled rozpodilnik, which was driven at the wrapper in the rozpodilny shaft. In the middle of the mechanical assembly, it became possible to move more, having installed a combined coil, near the shackled building, there were more than a few coils near the kilkost, which indicated the number of cylinders. Such nodes began to be called "ignition modules".

The electronic engine control unit (ECU) had 4 transistor switches, which supplied 12 volts to the primary windings of all four coils of the ignition module, and they sent a spark impulse of high skin voltage to their candle. More often, there are more common options for combinating coils, more technologically advanced and cheaper for pickers. The stench in one case of the module for priming a chotiricyl-cylinder motor is not to be replaced by chotir coils, but two, ale, working, prote, on chotir candles. In such a scheme, sparks are supplied to the candles in pairs - that is, for one candle from a bet, it will come at the moment necessary for borrowing money, and for another - idle, at the time of the release of gases from the same cylinder.

The next stage in the development of combined coils was the transfer of electronic switching keys (transistors) from the engine control unit to the housing of the ignition module. The fault of tight transistors, which heat up with robots, "freely" by painting the temperature regime of the ECU, and when some kind of electronic key-switch goes out of tune, it was enough to replace the coil, and not to change or solder the folding and expensive control unit. In some cases, the passwords of the immobilizer are often written individually for the skin car.

Skin cylinder - on the lid!

Another typical solution for today's gasoline cars near the inflamed area, which is used in parallel with modular coils, is the individual coils for the skin cylinder, which are installed at the candle valve and contact with the candle without a middle, without a high-voltage door.

The first "personal coils" were the same coils, and then they moved the switching electronics - just like with ignition modules. Three pluses of such a form factor are high-voltage darts, as well as the ability to replace only one coil, rather than the whole module, when out of tune.

True, let’s say that in this format (coils without high-voltage wires, which are mounted on a candle) use the coils in a single block, united by a common base. So, for example, to love victorious GM and PSA. The axis is truly a nightmarish technical solution: the kotushki will be okremі, but when you go out of tune with one “bobbin”, you will be brought to the collection of a great and expensive block.

What have we been up to?

The classic oil-filled bobbin was one of the most important and non-injection knots in carburetor and early injection cars. Raptovy vihіd її z fret vvazhavsya rіdkіstyu. Truth, її nadіynіst, unfortunately, "compensating" an invisible partner - a distributor, and then - an electronic commutator (stop, schopravda, there were less than vacancies of life). “Oiling” that came to change, “dry” cats for superficiality were zastavni, but still, more often than not, they went out of tune for no apparent reason.

Injector evolution zmusila pozbutisa distributor. This is how different designs appeared, which did not require a mechanical high-voltage switch - modules and coils for a number of cylinders. The reliability of such constructions decreased even more in connection with the complication and miniaturization of their "fucks", as well as in the very important minds of their work. After a few years of work with constant heating of the engine, on which the coils were mounted, cracks were made on the sour ball of the compound, through them the water and oil were squandered on the high-voltage winding, calling for breakdowns in the middle of the windings and omissions of ignition. In okremikh kotushok, yakі installed at the candle wells, wash the robots more and more pekelnі. Also, do not like the lower modern coils of the motor shaft and the increase in the gap in the electrodes of the spark plugs, which will make the remaining work last. Iskra zavzhdi shukkaє the most short way and it is not uncommon to know yoga in the middle of the winding of the bobbin.

As a result, for today, the most advanced and correct design of the most important and stagnant can be called the ignition module with built-in electronics, which are switched, installed on the engine with an increased gap and connected with high-voltage wires. Smaller nadіynі razdіlnі kotushki, vstanovlenі in wells of candles of the head of the block, and not far away, in my opinion, the decision of looking at the combined kotavі on a single ramp.

In order to ensure the ignition of the combustible sum in the cylinders of the gasoline power plant, there is a spark of fire - an electric spark that jumps between the electrodes of the spark plug. Ale mizh tsimi elektroda є sevny promіzhok, such an electric voltage is guilty of breaking. Therefore, a voltage of great significance can be applied to the candle, which can generate tens of thousands of volts.

Classical cat

Obviously, the side railing of the car is not the one that is not protected, it is not possible to see such a pressure, the shards do not have a portable life jacket with such external parameters.

This problem was solved by the inclusion of a special coil in the ignition system, which generates a high voltage. In fact, the ignition coil is an attachment that transforms a low voltage (6-12 V) into a high voltage (up to 35,000 V).

This is the main function of this element - generation of a high voltage impulse, heating.

It is possible to generate a voltage of significant indications by the design. The coil is simply ignited, it is made up of two kinds of windings.

Immersion coil design

Attachment of the cat

The primary winding is low-voltage, it takes a voltage, which is supplied from the battery or. It is made up of coils of a great perecution made from midi. Through the whole number of turns of this winding is insignificant - up to 150 turns. In order to get ahead of the possible haircuts of the voltage, that insinuation of a short flicker, which dries the beast, is covered with an insulating ball. The ends of the windings are led to the cover of the coil, and wiring with a voltage of 12 St. is attached to them.

The secondary winding is placed in the middle of the primary. It is made up of a drіbny cut, which ensures a large number of turns - up to 30,000. Another visnovok, which is positive, comes to the central opening of the cat. In view of the visnovka of the temple, the tension is given far away.

The principle of robotic scorching cat

The ignition coil is worked out according to this principle: the voltage that is supplied to the lifeline passes through the turns of the primary winding, through which the magnetic field is established, which flows into the secondary winding. Zavdyaki to this field, a high voltage impulse is formed in it. The value is indicated by the large number of turns of this winding, the induction of the magnetic field of the first winding is multiplied by the number of turns of the secondary winding. Sounds like a high voltage.

In order to increase the magnetic field in the middle of the coil, and at the same time, having secured the main voltage, a cold core is placed in the middle of the coil.

Video: Individual scorching cat VAZ

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Shards for an hour of work of the coil can be heated up windings, transformer oil is used for cooling, which fills the empty case. The lid її adheres to the body hermetically, so the cot is unseparable. In times of failure, repairs won’t be done either.

The input and output voltage of the coil are not the main characteristics, for the help of which you can change the correctness. Re-checking the practicality of the coil is carried out along the support with a її turn. When it comes to the skin, the opir may be different. For example, a coil can mother opir first winding at equal 3.0 Ohm, and secondary - 7000-9000 Ohm. Vidhilennya when vimіrі vіd tsikh znachuvatime vzravnіstі kotushki. And the shards are not repaired, they are simply replaced.

More Bulo described the design of the coil type. It is installed on all cars that can run a battery-powered, non-contact electronic ignition system, and be equipped with a socket, which pulse from the coil is directed to the required cylinder.

Dvovividna cat

There are two more types of coils - two types and individual. Double coils are placed in the electronic ignition system with direct spark supply to the candle.

Double cat. Even more often zastosovuєtsya on motorcycles from the electronic system zalyuvannya. Especially the presence of two high-voltage vysnovkіv. The stench can synchronously take a spark from two cylinders.

The internal structure practically does not fit into the coil type. Ale visnovkіv for giving an impulse to such a coil - two. Tobto, under the hour of the work of the cat, an impulse is given to two candles. Shards in the case of a robotic power plant cannot stop the cycle of squeezing in two cylinders at once, but only in one cylinder, then in the other a spark discharge, which can slip between the electrodes of a candle, does not carry any core function - an idle spark. However, with a further robotic engine, the situation will change - the other cylinder will have an end of the cycle, that spark is necessary, and in the first cylinder it will be idle.

A double cat can be a mother of different ways to connect to the candles of roasting. One of the ways is to supply impulses for the help of two high-voltage darts. The other is the use of one tip and one high-voltage dart.

Such a cat allows you to get along without a litter, but you can give a spark, maybe only two cylinders. And sound at the car vikoristovuetsya on 4 cylinders. For such cars, there is a chotirivive cat, which by itself represents two double-lived cats, united in one block.

Individual spitting cat

Fallow in the core, individual coils are subdivided into two types - compact and shear.
Compact (levoruch) and strizhneva (right-handed) individual coils of pickling, which are installed directly above the pickled candles.

The remaining type of coils, which are used on cars, are individual. Such kotushki work only from one, but if they are different from the lansy, which transmits a spark, one of the elements is turned on - a high-voltage wire, the shards of the kotka are dispersed.

There may be another design, but in case of which the principle of work remains unchanged.

Vlashtuvannya _individualї kotka

It has two cores. There are two windings on top of the inner one. Ale in this hutch, the secondary winding is stitched over the primary. Zovn_shnіy core raztashovaniya over the windings.

Come out the secondary winding to the tip, which is worn on the candle. The whole tip is made up of a shear, loosened for work with a high tension, a spring and an insulator.

To protect the windings from the significant voltage, to the secondary connection of the diode, the insurance for the work with a significant voltage.

This design of the coil is even more compact, which allows you to whip one element per leather cylinder. And the presence of low levels of other elements that are found in systems that are equipped with the first two types of coils, allows you to significantly reduce the amount of voltage in the lance.

Tse and all coils of ignition, which are currently available, with which cars are equipped.