Artist's tools. The finest cost-free tools for graphic design Tools for computer graphics

Not all the pennies you can spend on inexpensive graphic design software are available, especially when starting a new business or starting a new career in design. There is also a fantastic set of Creative Cloud programs from Adobe, and for those who want to build a solid foundation there is a wealth of cost-free software for graphic design that you can also build on. I'm even more kind.

To save you from the tedious implications of such tools, we have compiled this list and divided it into five sections to make it easier for you to navigate.

VECTOR DESIGN SOFTWARE

Platform: online, PC,MacLinuxChromeOS

Gravit Designer, formerly known as plain old Gravit, is a feature-rich vector design add-on that is suitable for all types of work: from screens and icons to presentations, illustrations and animations.

A completely simple and intuitive interface that can be adjusted if necessary, this cost-free software for graphic design provides no-nonsense tools for creating reports and beautiful vector images, including Boolean, So you don’t have to worry about it, as well as the absence of fills, overlay modes and a powerful text engine.

It is exported as PDF, SVG or raster image, and if you need to deny access to the project if you are pregnant, you can use the Gravit Cloud service, which will allow you to get to your work, no matter where you are.

Platform: online,MacWindowsLinuxChromebook

Available as a browser-based web add-on or as a standalone desktop add-on, Vectr is a no-cost editor for creating 2D vector graphics. With all the vector functions you rely on, plus a free option for varying filters, shades and fonts, it's versatile for everyday design tasks. Particularly beneficial to this option are synchronizations that allow you to connect to someone else and work in tandem.

Platform: web browser

If you want to quickly export to SVG or edit the original SVG file, there are a number of online editors that will create such a work, such as Adobe Illustrator. SVG is an open format that allows you to create your vector graphics programmatically, and one of the most popular projects is SVG-Edit.

The tool relies entirely on HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript, and does not require any third-party server processes. Such a rank, you can not see Tilki Vikoristovati Yogo for the barn that redaguvannya document, ale, okilki vin є signs with a vikhritim code, Vakozh can be a zmіnyuvati code, stares your power, you want.

I have a standard, although I want a basic set of tools for a vector image editor, and if I want to use the SVG format, this is the original one.

Platform: Windows / Linux (possibly Mac, if you are technically savvy)

With so many cost-free options available, Inkscape focuses on the SVG format as its primary file format. This highly efficient editor offers seamless integration with SVG, offering many more advanced features not always available in other add-ons, such as alpha blending, cloned objects, and markers.

The renewed emphasis on different color modes means that this is a viable alternative to Illustrator for both personal and web design, and while the interface is much simpler than Illustrator, you can still create folding artwork t. This includes the ability to trace raster images, support variable stroke widths, and natural import of Illustrator files.

For Windows, Linux and Mac there are two output files, as well as compiled versions that are available simultaneously for Windows and Linux.

COST-FREE EDITORS IMAGE

Platform: PC

If you work on a PC and require a good set of image editing tools without paid Photoshop or a great set of GIMP tools, then Photo Pos Pro may impress you. Creations for enhancing and editing images are ideal for typical photo editing tasks, such as adjusting contrast, highlighting and saturation, but also expand to more complex technologies.

The editor can boast of a friendly interface, as well as a deep development system that will help you get started, and if you want to increase the range of tools to suit your needs, you can easily expand plugins.

With the participation of VFX specialists and concept artists, illustrators, matte and texture artists, Krita is a cost-free painting tool with a closed source code, which has been in development since 1999. It comes with a complete set of plugins that are suitable for any kind of robot, as well as a whole range of available plugins, from inserted filters to painting aids for advanced robots.

Notable features include pencil stabilizers for smoothing out any tricky lines, a circular mode for creating seamless textures and patterns, and a palette that merges for flexible color selection.

Platform: iOS, Android

Cost-free graphic design software Pixlr claims to be "the world's most popular online photo editor." It boasts more than 600 effects, superimposed and interspersed, and also allows you to work through all the basic functions that you will find in the photo editor, starting with cropping and resizing until you remove the red whose and teeth whitening.

If you've tried Photoshop, you'll find Pixlr's interface very easy, since they're very similar. This cost-free program is available for both iOS and Android.

Platform: Windows

Paint.NET is a Windows alternative to the Paint editor that Microsoft ships with versions of Windows. However, don’t let this fact fool you, as this is a very good, simple and slick software for graphic design.

The main respect is given to the simplicity of photography, as well as the growing trend towards editing photographs rather than artistic creativity. This is no less true, but there are very few special effects that make it easy to create detailed perspectives, mix pixels around the canvas, tile and select again.

Good nabir izhrmentiv for vibor, pirimka charm that lalastuvannya, so yak krivi that is clear/ contrast, mean, pant.net - miracle alternative Photoshop for redaguban photographers, especially Yakshcho can be seen without shade -and -doors Photoshop.

Platform: web browser (required Adobe Flash Player)

Sumo Paint is a highly productive browser-based image editor. All the standard features you'd expect from a desktop tool are correct, and if you buy the Pro version, you can install the desktop version of the program however you want.

You'll need Adobe Flash Player to use this tool, but you won't be able to use Sumo Paint on your iPad. Tim is no less, he is easily and quickly attracted, and the catless version is even more lovable.

This includes a standard set of tools and adjustments that you will benefit from. Brushes, shapes, text, cloning, gradients, etc. All are quickly accessible from the Tools panel. The editor can also retrieve saved documents from your hard drive to use Sumo Paint as a standalone option for editing and revising.

Platform: Linux, Windows, Mac

A no-cost, open-source graphic design software that debuted on Unix-based platforms, GIMP stands for GNU image manipulation program. And today the editor is available in versions for Linux, Windows and Mac.

The GIMP interface is still similar to Photoshop, but a version is available that has the current Adobe look and feel, with a simpler transition than Photoshop. A new set of tools is available - everything you called for is within easy reach, including painting tools, color correction, cloning, selection and coloring.

The development team has worked diligently to ensure that you can easily handle all popular file formats without any problems. You will also find a very popular file manager, such as Adobe Bridge.

3D SECURITY SOFTWARE

Platform: PC, Mac

To find the first point of support in the world, the 3D free version of Sketchup Make will be the ideal solution. There is a friendly and gentle introduction to the creation of materials in 3D, starting with simply drawing lines and shapes that you can then stick and pull to transform them into trivial forms.

If you need a little knowledge, you can find it from the great library of SketchUp 3D Warehouse models and browse them for free.

Platform: Mac, Windows

Daz Studio is a tool for customizing, designing and animating 3D figures, which allows experienced artists to create digital art with virtual people, creatures, props, vehicles, accessories sharp.

With Daz Studio you can create all kinds of 3D characters and avatars, create virtual images, elements of graphic design and much more. There is also a handy table that shows you what this free tool offers compared to its paid alternatives.

Platform: Mac, Windows, Linux

If you are seriously interested in 3D, but if you are struggling with it in order to allow your security program, then you are lucky. Blender is a cost-free toolkit for creating 3D content with closed code, available for all major operating systems.

Created by the founder of the Blender Foundation, Ton Roosendaal, back in 2002, Blender became the world's leading tool for creating 3D content with open source code. Your creators are constantly working on your development, but you can now calmly work on everything, including modeling, texturing, animation, rendering and compositing.

Platform: Mac, Windows

To appreciate the mystique of digital creation, turn the 3D software Sculptris into Pixologic. This is an ideal solution for all skill levels, and is an excellent reference point for painters new to the discipline that experienced CG artists will find a secure software program and a simple way to implement your concepts.

Sculptris based on ZBrush Pixologic, which is the most widely admired digital sculpting tool on the market today. So, when you are ready to move on to the next level of detailing, the skills captured in Sculptris can be immediately transferred to ZBrush.

Platform: Mac, Windows, Linux

Houdini is a 3D animation and visual effects tool that is widely used throughout the media industry for film, television, development and visualization. And the cheapest version costs a little less than 2000 dollars.

The creators of Side Effects Software, knowing that gameplay could be a problem, created a cost-free version of Apprentice. You can then revoke access to all features of the new version to develop your skills and work on specific projects. The program is intended exclusively for non-commercial and initial purposes.

SECURITY SOFTWARE FOR VISUALIZING DATA

Platform: web browser

The Google Diagrams tool is powerful, easy to use, and cost-free. You can choose from a variety of graphics and customize a wide range of options so that everything perfectly matches the new look of your site. Connect data in real time and Google Chart will become the ideal infographic generator for your website.

Platform: web browser

It would have taken less than an hour to eat when the infographic resume generator showed up. For further assistance, you can visualize your resume in one click, and also look at your resume. So that people can determine their professional livelihoods from simple, rather than complex, special visualizations, we think that this is an option that should be considered.

Platform: web browser

This no-cost infographic tool gives you dozens of no-cost templates so you can start working right away, and all of them are easy to customize.

You gain access to a library of speech such as arrows, shapes, and matching lines, and you can customize your text with a range of fonts, colors, styles, and text sizes. The tool also allows you to edit graphics and place them in one dot.

Platform: web browser

Infogram is a wonderful, cost-free tool that gives you access to a wide range of graphics, charts and maps, as well as the ability to display images and videos to create cool infographics.

The data on which the infographics are based can be found in a spreadsheet in Excel format, which the user can easily edit and read as the results change in real time. Once you achieve the desired result, you can publish your infographic on the Infogram website so that everyone can enjoy and embed it on their own website, as well as share it through social media.

OTHER CORISH INSTRUMENTS

Platform: online, PC, Mac, Linux, ChromeOS

Klex is an easy-to-learn and accessible tool for anyone who wants to create powerful graphics with as many clicks as possible. Although we are clearly not targeting professional designers, it is an ideal tool for those who want to quickly create memorable projects. There are no ready-made templates to choose from, thousands of assets, a wide selection of effects and filters, as well as customization options, fonts and text assets.

Platform: Windows

Since you own a PC, Microsoft has created its free Expression Web 4.0 program for you. There is no cost-free technical support available here, but you just need an alternative to Dreamweaver, which won’t cost you every penny.

Basic concepts of computer graphics

The image on the screen consists of small circles. The skin of them can be of a different color. This middle is given the name pixel. The totality of pixels forms a matrix that creates images on the screen. Depending on the monitor model, the matrix parameters in pixels can be changed: 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1600x1200.

The size of the matrix takes into account the physical size of the screen and lies below the new one. The larger the matrix on the same screen, the smaller the size of the camera and the brighter the image.

The trace is clearly divided:

Separate screen space

Allowed the drukvalny annex

Separateness of the image.

All these concepts are related to different objects. One by one, these types of permissions are not related in any way until you need the physical size of the image on the monitor screen, the image on the paper, or the file on the hard drive.

The separateness of the screen is the power of the computer system (from the monitor and video card) and the operating system (from the setup of Windows). The size of the screen is measured in pixels and indicates the size of the image that can fit on the screen as a whole.

The separateness of the printer is the power of the printer, which expresses the number of adjacent points that can be produced in a single cycle. It is measured in units of dpi (dots per inch) and means the size of the image at a given pixel pixel or, for example, the pixel wattage of an image at a given size.

The separateness of the image is the power of the image itself. It is also measured in dots per inch and is set when the image is created in a graphics editor or using an additional scanner. The values ​​of the individual image properties are stored in the image file and are inextricably linked to the other power of the image – its physical size.

The physical size of the image can be measured both in pixels and in units (millimeters, centimeters, inches). This is set when the image is created and saved as a file.

When an image is prepared for display on the screen, its width and height are set in pixels to know how much of the screen it occupies.

If the image is prepared for each other, its size should be set in units of dovzhini, so that you know how to borrow a piece of the arkush paper.

Tipi image.

Black and white line images

Each skin pixel of such an image is assigned one bit of information. One bit codes two lines, in this case there are two colors: black and white.

Newtonian images

A pixel of a grayscale image is encoded with 8 bits

Indexed colors

The first color monitors worked with a limited range of colors: initially 16, then 256 colors. Stinks were encoded with 4 bits (16 colors) or 8 bits (256 colors)

Multiple color images

True color images must be of at least 24 bits, so each pixel of such an image is encoded with at least 24 bits, which makes it possible to display at least 16.7 million images Inkiv.

File formats

The format (format) is understood to be more bureaucratic, everyone had to fill out all kinds of questionnaires. A questionnaire is a format for organizing data that needs to be stored and then easily processed. Without format there is no information.

For every type of computer activity, there are standard formats that are the most handy or the most common. For texts in such formats - DOC, TXT, for printing products - TIFF, P1ST, for Internet graphics - GIF, JPEC etc.

Computer graphics tools

The video card (other names: graphics card, video adapter) controls the operation of the monitor, causing the processor to generate frames of images.

The capacity of the video card determines the speed of video processing, the clarity of the image, the number of colors on the screen and the type of display you use.

Monitor

In the 19th century in France the technique of painting developed, which is what they called pointillism: little ones made up of dots of different colors, which are applied with a pencil to the canvas. A similar principle is used in computers. There is a need for monitors that are based on different physical principles. On the screen electron-promenevogo On the monitor, images are displayed in “rows”, which are represented by the electronic space moving through the screen.

Screen rare crystalline The monitor is a matrix, the skin element of which is a rare crystal (as in an electronic anniversary). The crystals are illuminated with special lamps. Under the influx of electrical signals, the crystals began to change the optical powers that modeled the image elements on the screen.

Advantages

• garna brightness of the image;
• The price is quite low.

Nedoliky electronic-promension monitor:

This is a terrible drain on people's health.

Advantages

· Availability of cheap promotion;

· Takes up little space;

· consumes little electricity.

Nedoliky rare crystal monitor:

· high varity;

· Color rendition is not very clear.

Misha

The most extensive type of manipulators.

Graphic tablet

The digitizer is used for insertion into a computer chair or baby. The images are recreated on digital data. In order to create images close to real ones, use a special pen to draw the little ones on a special surface. The results of the work are displayed on the monitor screen and can be printed on paper at any time. The digitizer causes architects and designers to struggle.
The pen is the source of the signal received by the antenna located in the middle of the tablet. Vaughn is a wire mesh with a grain of 3-6 mm or a similar wire mesh. The antenna receives the signal and indicates the position of the manipulator, as well as other data. The physical size of the tablet is indicated by the edge of the mesh. Theft of current graphics tablets larger than 0.1 mm.
At the same time, tablets have become even more popular due to the rapid development of the Internet and the popularization of electronic signatures for the use of various transactions. Software design has come to a new level, and without graphics tablets it is even more important.

Trivimirna graphics

Three-dimensional graphics (3D, 3 Dimensions, Russian 3 dimensions) - a section of computer graphics, a set of methods and tools (both software and hardware) used for depicting volumetric objects. It is most suitable for creating images on the screen or arch of other products in architectural visualization, cinematography, television, computer games, other products, as well as in science and industry.

The three-dimensional image on the plane is subdivided into a two-dimensional one, which includes a step-by-step geometric projection of the three-dimensional model of the scene onto the plane (for example, a computer screen) using additional specialized programs. In this case, the model can represent objects from the real world (cars, ships, hurricanes, asteroids), as well as being completely abstract (projection of a similar fractal).

To capture a trivial image on a plane, the following steps are required: modeling - creating a trivial mathematical model of the scene and its objects. rendering (visualization) – the real-life projections are consistent with the final physical model. Displaying the captured image on an output device – display or printer.

However, in connection with tests of the creation of 3D displays and 3D printers, trivial graphics do not necessarily include projection on a plane.

Visnovok

The need for a wide variety of graphical software has become especially acute with the development of the Internet and, most notably, the World Wide Web service, which has connected millions of adjacent home sites into a single web. A trip to these sites is enough to understand that a site designed without computer graphics has no chance of being seen among the largest number of competitors and gaining mass respect. It is important for most web pages to replace textual information with graphic images. The left part of the images that are displayed in the browser window are created in GIF or JPEG formats.

Vector graphics represents images as a set of geometric primitives. Call how they select points, straight lines, stakes, rectilinear, and how they are chosen, splines of the same order. Objects are given various attributes, for example, line thickness, filling color. The little ones are saved as a set of coordinates, vectors and other numbers that characterize the set of primitives. When creating objects that overlap, their order matters.

Raster graphics

Butt of a raster baby Raster graphics now operate with a two-dimensional array (matrix) of pixels. The skin pixel is assigned values ​​- brightness, color, clarity - or a combination of these values. The raster image contains a number of rows and columns.

Fractal graphics

Fractal- The object, besides the elements of which, is the decline in the power of Fatherland’s structures. Since a detailed description of elements on a smaller scale is required by a simple algorithm, such an object can be described only with a few mathematical equations. Fractals allow you to describe image classes, which require little memory for a detailed description. On the other hand, fractals are slightly stagnant until depicted by pose classes.

We present to you a selection of cost-free services for the designer. This first option is planned to be expanded further by adding new sections and tools.

Font

• Google Fonts – everyone loves the font library. Allows you to select and use different fonts for all occasions of life.
• 1001 Free Fonts – font library. There is manual navigation - fonts are sorted by both type and type. A section of Russian fonts.
• Fontstruct is an online font designer. A very simple tool allows you to create beautiful fonts. You can paint with standard squares, but also with other shapes – dots, rounded corners, etc. An ideal tool for beginners to try and improve their craft.
• Font Squirrel is one of the largest font libraries. In addition, you can attract the little ones and remove the names of the fonts that you will be using on the new page. Є store fonts and store clothes with logos.
• Type light is a full-featured font editor. Allows you to create, edit and convert OpenType, TrueType and PostScript fonts. It is necessary to attach and install. The cost-free version has the same functionality as the cost-free version. Ale for creating a simple font is displayed.
• What Font is – an online service for choosing fonts for a website. The desired font file is indicated in the url of the site, and this is also how the desired font will appear on the site. Handy service.
• 1001 Fonts – library of fonts (over 15000). Manual navigation – font can be selected by size, type, theme, design, etc. The menu allows you to customize the layout, which allows you to improve the skin font in various options: size, image, etc.
• Font Flame is an online service for selecting pairs of fonts to match. It’s very simple – on the front page there is a double arch with two inscriptions in different fonts. It was worthy to press “Love”, but not “Hate”. Then you can look at your selection again. Clicking on the font name opens Google Fonts.
• Typecast – select a font for the prototype. You can look at how the font looks on any devices. It is necessary to identify different types of text - headings, footers, etc. You can select the typeface, size, image, and set inputs. You will see your new page in the same fonts as you installed. A great plus is the choice of layout (one column or multiple, different placement of blocks).
• Wordmark – allows you to select the font installed on the user’s computer for text, logo and title. As you enter the text in the field, it is shown in different fonts. You can choose the size, register, black and white image, or something else. Options that are worthy are published on Twitter or on Facebook - by choosing a correspondent. You can send it by email.

Stock photos

• Unsplash – a stack of photos that will be constantly updated. Collections are divided into topics. You can know everything at a glance, from “African Americans” to “Nature”. Skin photography has its own value, you can marvel at the most beautiful new items.
• FoodiesFeed – photo by hedgehog. The images are divided into categories. You can choose the most beautiful, exclusive, icons, mockups, etc.
• Free Refe Photos – a great list of “Real life” images. Mainly local views and photographs of nature. Navigation is not manual, all photos on the main page appear when scrolling.
• Little Visuals – clear photos of landscapes and life. You can download the archive of the most beautiful photos published during the week. Photos are tagged with hashtags, but not divided into categories.
• Gratisography is a magnificent library of cat-free photographs. All photos are divided into six themes: people, faces, places, objects, nature and creatures. You can joke around with words.
• Death to the Stock Photo – a stack of photographs. You can’t just marvel at that vibration. You can make a selection per month and let them attract after entering your email. The archive size is close to 11 MB. Please send the best photos to the mail and send them for downloading.
• Superfamous – a large collection of photos from an unusual angle. The selection is small, ale squash.
• The Pattern Library - templates and textures. The set is great, the patterns are unimportant. Scrolling changes, and step by step. You can view the template either on the entire screen or on a small part.
• New Old Stock – vintage photo from the archives. There are not a lot of cat-free photos, but new ones appear regularly.
• Pexels has a large number of photographs for all occasions of life. Rozbiti on those, it’s really easy to joke.
• Jay Mantri – great set of photographs. There are no such classifications, you can look at them by month.

Stock graphics

• Brusheezy – free pencils, templates, textures and more for Photoshop. 12 categories, each with subcategories. The vibe is great.
• Iconfinder - icons, both paid and free. You can upload in ICO, PNG, ICNS, SVG formats.
• Brushez is a large collection of pencils for Photoshop. There are also vector primitives, shapes, templates, styles. The skin was divided into pieces. For example, for penzliv there are over 20 categories.
• Vecteezy is a library of vector graphics, including images and illustrations. The number of categories is great and the graphics are great.
• Iconbird is a Russian service for searching icons. You can enter a topic and select icons, or you can look at the categories.
• Icons8 is a Russian service that provides over 42,000 icons on various topics.

Infographics

• Vizualize is an online service for creating infographics “About yourself”. Essentially creating a graphic resume.
• Canva is the simplest tool for creating any kind of design. Allows you to create a presentation, poster, social media post, books, sheets, materials and much more. Everything works based on templates, the text changes. There are a lot of templates, so why choose?
• Easelly – creation of infographics based on templates. The online editor allows you to change the design, place additional elements, and change the text.
• Infogram is an online service for creating infographics and interactive diagrams. Not all functions are available, you will have to purchase a cloud recording.
• Visage is a simple tool for creating any kind of visual content (diagrams, infographics, images for a blog, etc.). No templates, simple editor. All functions are chargeable.
• Gliffy is an online service for creating diagrams. The editor is based on the Microsoft Visio principle.
• Visme is an online tool for creating presentations and infographics. Over 1000 templates. The editor allows you to add text (headings, lists, pages and backgrounds), animated text and widgets. You can download a JPG file from the free account.
• Piktochart is a creator of high-quality graphics – presentations, infographics and other materials. PNG, JPG of various sizes are available.
• Drawio is a handy online service for creating diagrams. You can save similar services to dropbox or to disk.
• Venngage – simple creation of infographics, posters, news, materials for social media, etc. The cost-free version does not require permission to publish. You need to pay for downloading.
• Cacoo is an online service for painting diagrams and site maps. Perhaps, the most possible possibilities. There are a large number of tools and templates. You can export to PNG, PDF, SVG, PPT etc.
• Creately is an online service for painting diagrams. Not available for publication. Zavantazhennya platne.
• Lucidchart is an online service for creating diagrams and chairs. You can import a Microsoft Visio diagram. Exports to PDF, PNG and JPG. Є paid functionality.

colori

• Color Hunt – choose a color. You can select up to four colors. The solutions for choosing are ready.
• TinEye – analyzes the site and displays a list of resources on which the image from the site is displayed.
• ColorZilla – allows you to create colors and gradients. Enter css power for them.
• Adobe Color CC - a creation of color schemes.
• Colicious – press on the clearing and generate a new color.
• Colorscheme - select color schemes. Both English and Russian versions. Allows you to choose colors for the site. It can be fine tuned and shows the code in color. Allows you to look at the side of the selected color scheme. The biggest plus is the eye-to-eye view of the color. It also allows you to select different color models. Saves the Gimp palette, CSS, PNG, etc. There is a color converter for transferring from one model to another.
• Paletton is a tool for creating a combination of colors. Nothing interferes with Colorscheme.
• Pictaculous – analyzes the image palette of PNG, JPG and GIF. Customize the images and select the same colors as in the new one.
• Hex Color Tool – a tool for choosing colors. Use steps to adjust the color and you can select brightness. Then the color selection is saved. You can select a palette.
• (Un)clrd is a browser plugin that removes all colors and replaces the site with black and white colors.
• BrandColors is the largest collection of official brand color codes. Choose a name for the brand and add the names of its colors, including in the CSS file.
• Colortyper – selection of quotes from an unusual angle. Symbols of different colors appear on the screen and appear to be moving. The result of the retina is a new color. Looks good.

Nathnennya

• Dribbble - The largest team of designers. Work, sleep, sleep - here you can find everything you need.
• Freebbble – templates and designs from Dribbble. You can download it free of charge, or you can buy it. You can find templates for CMS, designers, icons, mockups, designs, website templates and much more.
• Muzli – smart design. A resource for designers using the most advanced robots.
• Awwwards – the most beautiful skills of designers. Organizations like spilnota, where you can vote on the site. The site of the day, month, month and year is selected. Great amount of design, video, development.
• Design You Trust - a diversity of designers who closely follow the latest trends, new items, portfolios, designs and creativity.
• Really Good Emails – a great collection of well-written electronic sheets. Select a template and extract the html, css and js code. You can change the text, little ones, etc.
• Fubiz – publications dedicated to design and creativity. You can find photographs, designs, graphics, videos, etc. Everything is divided into categories.
• Designspiration – a collection of designs from Pinterest style. There are a great number of ideas and applications - typography, logos, pages and much more.
• Behance is a collection of portfolios of professionals. You can cancel a vacancy or resume.
• Mobile-patterns – library of iOS and Android screenshots. Break everything up into sections. You can find a lot of ideas.
• One Page Love is a gallery of the most beautiful web page designs. You can add templates and those. No cats.
• Uispace is a resource for designers. You can freely download psd, sketch, fonts, mockups etc.

Graphic editors

• DAZ 3D – 3D modeling. Register and register the desktop program.
• Gimp is a cost-free analogue of Photoshop. Allows you to customize the modular grid, create directly, work with balls, add effects, etc. And a nasty, costless replacement for Photoshop. Expandable – you can add additional plugins.
• Blender – 3D modeling, animation, rendering, sound, video. Allows you to create games. The editor, which is rapidly developing, is even more popular.
• Aviary is an online photo editing service. There are a lot of possibilities, including the “Red Eyes Effect”, changing the size and so on.
• Pixlr is an online photo editor and graphics editor. The rest is similar to Photoshop. Saves the disk.
• BeFunky is an online photo editing service. Effects, frames, graphics, retouching and much more. Є Russian interface.
• Inkscape is a full-fledged vector graphics editor with closed code. Supports the capabilities of the SVG format - working with shapes, outlines, text, vectorization of raster graphics, etc. The tool for processing vector images allows you to create a website template and cut it into a modular grid. It is possible to paint backgrounds, banners, vector logos, etc.
• IconEdit2 is a very simple program for painting icons. There is a filter. Allows you to export images to Android and Apple. You can adjust the color color, rotate and customize the icon. We encourage simplicity by depicting in one ICO file and smoothing with all painting tools.
• Falco GIF Animator is a program for creating frame-by-frame animation and animated icons. On the resource you can download a lot of different programs.
• Krita is a professional desktop editor with open source code. Available for various operating systems.
• Boxy-SVG is a vector graphics editor similar to Adobe Illustrator, Sketch and Inkscape.
• Photopos is a richly functional program with the functions of a photo editor, a graphics editor and a program for creating computer graphics.
• 5Dfly is a cost-free batch photo processing program. You can create slide shows using PowerPoint. You can also use the PDF converter.
• PaintStar is a cost-free image editor. The interface is very similar to Paint, but there are more possibilities. Shari, for example.
• PhotoScape is a simple photo editor. It has functions for adjusting brightness and color, white balance, backlight correction, frames, hot spots, mosaic mode, adding text, painting images, cropping, filters, removing the red-eye effect, barking , penzel, clone-mark, penzel effect and in.

2. Chair tools, materials and accessories. Organization of work place

2.1. Tools for witch chair. What will be needed for a witch's chair at the school?

Gotuvalnya. Prepare a set of chair tools, placed in the case. Before preparing, you need to include a circular (Fig. 11, a) and measuring (Fig. 11, b) compasses, a cutting tool for working with a carcass, a brush to the circular compass and other tools.

Compasses. From the tip, the graphite shear extends 5...7 mm. The ends of the head and the cutter, which, when working with a compass, like the ends of the heads of a measuring compass, are moved on the same level (Fig. 11).

Small 11. Chair compass: a – circular; 6 razmichalny

Reisshina. For an hour, work on the transverse bar of the rail to the left edge of the chair base (Fig. 12). For additional lines, draw horizontal and vertical lines.

Small 12. Armchair and rail

Kreslyarsky braids(Fig. 13). Join the chair braids together with a line or a rake to create perpendicular and parallel lines and create certain cuts.

Small 13. Kreslyarskiy kutniki: a - z krutniki 90, 45, 45 °; b - w corners 90, 30, 60 °

2.2. The armchair is adjusted. To the chair materials and accessories you can bring papier, olives, rubber pads, and buttons.

Armchair papier. For the armchair, use thick white unlined paper.

Olivtsi. To produce graphic works, you will need olives of grade T (hard), M (soft) and TM or HB, ST (medium hard). The larger the number that is next to the letter, the harder or softer the olive.

Proper preparation before work gives indications for the baby 14. Sharpen the tip with a standard folding knife or with a special sharpener. After this, the cut is hardened with the help of a sanding cloth - hard at the cone, and soft at the edge of the spatula.

Small 14. Properly sharpened olives

All armchair tools and materials must be kept clean and sanitary, in order to preserve the quality of the armchair.

2.3. How to use chair tools. Draw straight lines along the edge of the ruler or braid without pressure with a hard, sharply sharpened oar, and then outline with an oal of medium hardness. In this case, the baby's trochets are laid at the side of the arm, as shown in baby 15. Horizontal lines are drawn left-handed, vertical lines are drawn from bottom to top.

Small 15. How to draw lines: a – horizontal; b – vertical; in - abducted

In order to get clearer and straighter lines when tracing, the sheep can be led along these lines repeatedly and in a reversible direction. Kutnik, when drawing vertical and horizontal lines, move the edges of the crossbar or the line to the right, and when drawing horizontal lines, move it downwards.

To draw arcs, place the leg of the compass at the center. Wrap the compass around the head with your large and vulgar fingers, directly in line with the anniversary arrow (Fig. 16). The short leg with an olive insert and the head of the compass in the working position are parallel to each other. By the time you wrap the compass, you can slightly bend it forward.

Small 16. Conducting a stake with a compass

When inserting the cuts with a compass, do not press too hard on them, so as not to cause punctures on the paper.

2.4. Ownership of a work place. There is a lot to be gained from the correct preparation of the work place.

It is the light on the chair that the evil beast is to blame for falling. Whose type of tools and hands does not respect the robot.

If you sit on a chair, sit straight, without slouching. Stand in front of your eyes and the armchair is approximately 300 mm,

For the most part, the chair will be deprived of only those tools that are necessary for the work at a time. In this case, the preparation, the braids, the olives and the gum are supposed to be right-handed, and the book is left-handed. Kreslyuvalna doshka is to blame for her mother’s great nahil. In this case it is easier to practice, because you don’t need to work hard on the chairs.

At design bureaus, the armchair is replaced by an additional armchair device, which replaces the measuring ruler, osinets and protractor (Fig. 17).

Small 17. Armchair workbench with attachment

The designer's work on the chairs is very difficult. Therefore, we still need to use devices that automatically display all graphical tasks behind a given program. Such automatic devices are called plotters.

To encourage the use of chairs and electronic computing machines (EOM). The home is increasingly being replaced by a television screen (display). The designer specifies the necessary data, and the EOM automatically searches for the most rational solution.

1. How to prepare a chair compass before work? How to carry out arcs with it?
2. What kind of tire do you need? How to make use of it?
3. How to prepare olives before work? What kind of hard sheep are there?
4. How to properly prepare a working seat for a chair?

The worker sews for the teacher's instructions, using chair tools, to draw vertical, horizontal and horizontal lines, as well as stakes.

Vkazivka before work. Try to carry out all the lines of the new partnership. Beautifully move the groups of lines on the arch of the sosh.

Buying everything you need for creativity, it’s easy to find and completely unnecessary. Try to get by with only the most necessary ones first, and then, if necessary, you can add new tools and materials. Always choose the best choice, as far as your budget allows, cheap purchases are often disappointing - the wrong shade of pigment, the wrong texture of the paper, or the fibers from the brush fray.

Tipi penzliv

Pencils add color to large or small surfaces, but they can also draw vibrant and dynamic lines, both subtly and contrastingly. The spring brushes are very flexible, they are less “chubby”, therefore, to preserve the softness of the brushes, rinse them thoroughly after finishing the work session, and to preserve the brushes, you only need to keep them in a vertical position.

Brushes come in different shapes and sizes. Apply broad or thin strokes using round, pointed brushes with long hair. Then it’s easier to use round, sharp brushes with short hairs to paint on other details. Flat brushes with short or long hair are suitable for covering large areas.

The finest material for making brushes is kolinsky. Such a pencil is expensive, but it offers great value and durability, and also gives miraculous results.

Other synthetic brushes are cheaper, but can also be used to create small amounts of hot fruit. Clear pencils last a long time, and over the years you will accumulate a nasty collection.

To get started, buy nylon brushes, take a couple of wide pencils - it will be good to write down the details and fine-tune the fill. You can also get a similar alternative to expensive sable and protein pencils. A borax brush, with a good spring in the eyes, paints the details, and a soft white goat brush miraculously covers the broad surfaces of paper or canvas.

Sorry Olivets

The good old “lead” olives in a wooden frame with a mixture of graphite powder and clay have a lot of advantages: they are economical, compact, universal and easy to take with you. On such olives there are different hardness ratings: “H” - hard, and “B” - soft. Solid materials are used for technical purposes, and the line on which to draw is invisible.

For an artistic little one, olives with markings “B” are better suited, since graphite is better suited than clay. The larger the number that is next to the letter, the softer the lead will be and the more likely it will be dull, then the line will turn black, and will smudge easily. When purchasing, choose sweet olives and pencil leads that clearly indicate their softness. For cob use "2B".

If you are painting with colors of varying hardness, use paint to overpower the black color and do not need to expand the range of colors. Briefly, the olivets will quickly become dull, so try to sharpen the olivets further, vikorist and sharp edges. Wash the little ones with just a soft sponge. To ensure that the lines, cut with soft olive, are not smeared, they are secured with a fixative.

When creating little ones without any details, try to sharpen the stylus more often, so that the end will be sharp in the future. The leads of soft olives become dull and need to be cleaned gradually. Be careful to ensure that the wooden frame reaches the tip of the lead, otherwise it may damage the paper and damage the little ones.

Among the types of sheep you can see types with a wide, like a cutter, stylus, which allows you to draw an even wide line.

There are a lot of colorful olives, and it’s really fun to experiment with them. Try, for example, putting one color on a paper, and then another one on top of it, and you will get a new color. Or “mix” the colors like this: paint on the paper several different colored dots and lines, just like the famous French artist Georges Sirca did, and you will achieve an unusual and beautiful effect.

Around the graphite stems there is the same gradation as the wooden ones. Vlasne, this is the same olive lead without a wooden frame. They are widely present in paintings, which create an uneven texture, and they can easily cover large surfaces.

Make sure that the line is crushed with dry water-resistant graphite, it spreads widely when washed. Soft sheep are broken down in the simplest way. Before changing the olive, turn the effect on the black to select the level of fermentation.

Dribnitsa and wax olives

Even soft materials are not at all suitable for drawing thin and precise lines; they protect the surface wonderfully on large, plump and textured babies. Pastels are prepared in a wide range of colors, and each skin color is always subject to a number of shades.

Many manufacturers number shades of one color with numbers ranging from 0 (lightest) to 8 (darkest). Pastels can be purchased either in the olive form or in the swift form. Olives are hard and easier to clean. Both of these are sold in ready-made kits or in bulk. From now on, buy a few pieces and try them to see how comfortable you are with them, and if you like pastel. In addition, this way you will identify the colors that you most often enjoy, and then you can gradually expand your collection.

Kare pastel is a hard pastel, and the artist's craft is made from dry, thick strips, tightly pressed with powdered pigment, before adding the final components - gum and clay for hardness.

At the cross-section, the pastel becomes square, it creates a garne, a visible line, but is poorly erased. As a rule, the color scheme of earthy shades is the best. The tip of the pastel is blunt and wide, but is easy to sharpen. By turning the stitches on one side of the cradle, you can cut out a thinner line. The leads of pastel olives are similar in nature to pastel and work wonderfully with it, as the little ones appreciate more fine finishing.

Soft pastel contains pigments with a small addition of gum (hum arabic), cream or dark farbe for a lighter or darker color. It's very easy to get wet when you turn it into a saw, and it's nasty to wipe it off with a plastic scouring pad.

The pastel must be fixed with a fixative, because the beauty of the velvety pastel is created by the light itself, which is knocked out of the particles of the saw, so that the excess fixative will cause the little ones to fade.

If you mix too many shades of soft pastels, the little ones become rude, so the world is even more important here, and it’s better to choose simple mixes. Oil pastels, just like wax pastels, have a thicker coating, which allows them to stain the surface of the little ones.

If you are working on paper stretched onto a frame, glued with gum arabic or hoopped, then oil pastel and wax crayon can be diluted or the surface can be removed using turpentine or white spirit. Babies made with these materials will also require fastening.

Carnage of types of handles

It is impossible to replace all the pens, so new types are being added. We'll aim more than a few butts.

Pens, essential for artists, are formed from a trimach and a fine feather. They’ll be soaked in black, or else it’s a rare barn. Traditionally, the edges of a steel wire have a split tip, which has a different level of pressure that allows you to make different and different lines and strokes.

Unfortunately, the color ink for painting, made on the basis of synthetic barnberries, has a sweet bloom on the edge. Therefore, choose a stand of water-resistant black from traditional warehouses.

Sometimes in specialized stores you can find patterns and bamboo feathers. A finely lined pen (kalam), like a bamboo pen, does not lose its stiffness, and then with its tips you can write under a different cut, creating without any irregular lines and strokes.

The original technical handles are easy to carry and easy to handle. The stinks represent a mechanical connection with a pipe-window, intended for the creation of a line of singing ceremonies. A great deal of skill and perseverance is required in order to make these “boring” lines worthwhile.

Refillable handles can save you pennies, but choose ones that are easy to clean. Automatic pens draw ink from an internal cartridge, which makes them easy to take with you, resulting in ink. The handles are equipped with interchangeable heads, which allow for different types of lines.

Kulkov handles can also be used as a tool for embellishments, just make sure to stitch so that they do not create holes and draw a clear line without slipping.

Wugilla

An ancient dish for painting - in the village of Vugilla - is prepared from olive or willow gills, which are simmered with a minimum amount of sourness. Among the current options you can include pressed village vugilla and special vugilla olives. All stench, even if I don’t bring it up, is wiped off with a soft sponge. However, the little ones, the viconny vugillas, as well as the pastel, will require fastening. The sauce is a thick slate that is used to create a thin or thick stroke, as well as a stirring effect.

As a rule, coiled haircuts are sold both in bulk and in packs. The smells come in different sizes, from thin to thick (the so-called “stage stinks”), and according to their hardness they are divided into three categories – hard, medium and soft. All of them create a smooth coating of different colors that can be easily removed, ranging from dark gray to brown and black.

The pressed village of vugilla is sold at the sight of pastel. The high concentration of soot allows you to apply very thick, lightly oily strokes that have versatility and richness, but will not fade away. There are also coal-cut haircuts of gray tones, in which the soot is diluted with kraid.

Please note that carbon steels with carbon pencils are sold either in large packs, like carbon pencils, or are graded by degree of hardness, like graphite. Its great advantage is that its rich tonal stench enhances the vibrancy of the little ovine. Olive Comté (a particularly hard olive, invented by the French scientist Nicolas-Jacques Comté) is slightly fatty, has a low curl, and does not wear off. The wine is not as crisp as vugilla, and comes in black, white, terracotta and sepia colors. Sanguine - soft olive without rim, red-brown color. And graphite olive is a favorite material of many artists. The wine comes in a variety of soft parts and can be tumbled both for mitt coating and for painting other details.

If you are going to work raw, stretch the paper paper over an unvarnished board to prevent any deformation from appearing. Wipe the paper from the water-based gum arabic (the stench may be a little escaping from the edges of the sheet), and then gently wet the papier with a sponge.

Run a sponge along the folding stitch and glue all the stitches - half on the board, the other on the paper. This sheet will become uneven and after drying it will be securely attached to the frame. You can recognize it by carefully picking up the threads.

Water-based Farby

Most farbs and inks are water-based and can be easily diluted to achieve the desired color intensity. Thus, watercolor paintings can be bright or muted. The stench creates a mild effect, especially if you apply it to a soft, thick papier. Use rare farbs to work on paper of important varieties. In addition, you will need a palette on which to mix colors, as well as a surface on which you can place jars of ink, farb, water and a splint of brushes.

It’s amazing how water-based farbs miraculously combine wax creeds and pastel oats: the smells do not mix with one another, which allows for special effects to be achieved. The virulence of the baby increases with the consumption of rare and dry ingredients.

When replacing water-based, oil-based products, it is very difficult to dry, the smell is expensive and for this to be effective, you will need garni. Farby is water-based, as it is cheaper and more suitable for early stage artists.

By applying ink with a pen, drawing lines, and then working with a pencil, the little ones will be more artistic and voluminous. These two methods can be used separately. To protect the cutting line from blurring, use waterproof ink. After hanging the main baby, which has been chipped with ink, the animal can be colored washed so as not to harm the lower baby. Ink gives a bright color and is easy to mix. Deposits of ink, especially waterproof ones, can damage the brush, especially if you are careful not to rinse it, so for working with ink, a special pen of medium hardness is best.

Essential for all watercolor paintings, it is a finely ground pigment that easily penetrates into the paper, giving it a lasting finish. It’s good to buy garni farbi expensively, but the stench is persistent and sparkling with brightness and vibrancy.

For great results, add tubes or concentrated liquid for dilution. For small children, it is advisable to buy a small box of hard farbee tiles, if you want to breed them - it will be a very difficult task. As long as your budget allows, buy large ceramic casserole dishes with a soft finish. The result can be separated from watercolors with water-colored colors, which, when removed from the graphite, do not show through the ball of watercolor, but softly appear in the new one. They can be covered with dust, the stench has not dried up, until they are covered with hair.

When you paint on a dull paper, the sheep are instantly captured and come to life. Sometimes you can put oil pastel and wax pastel on it - the watercolor will ooze out of the fatty spots, leaving the paper uncovered, resulting in an even more unexpected effect.

Gouache is a thick matte water-based farb. Most gouache is sold only in tubes, posters are sold in bulbs, and most simply it is sold in tiles. The great advantage of gouache is that it is created as it gives the artist the opportunity to find a place where the top layer is applied carefully without burning the bottom ones.