Frequency response. A detailed decoding of the specific characteristics of the acoustics of the Opera is important for music from tablets and smartphones

Golovna / Corisna information

Many of us have asked to choose technology based on its technical characteristics. Is it possible to use this approach before choosing headphones? Let's find out... We'll be amazed at what we've seen here, which is a list of technical characteristics of headphones. It is clear that we will not consider such parameters as size, volume, form factor, operating principle and acoustic design at the same time - simply because, despite the principle of operation, the replacement of all these parameters is obvious. And the story about the various principles of this action would last for a long time, and could end up in a complete article.

Text: Ivan MUSINOV

Let's take a look at just those characteristics that may be relevant to the best headphones. There are so many such displays:

Range of available frequencies
Opir
Sensitivity
Maximum entry pressure

Let's take a look at these parameters in the report.

Frequency range that is created: the size of the value does not matter?

In residential colleges, this parameter is often given even greater importance - sometimes sales consultants are told that it itself is the main indicator of the sound quality of headphones. And behind the headphones headphones, you can note the following practice: for more expensive and high-end models, they usually specify a wider frequency range, for more simple and budget ones.

In fact, the range of frequencies created not only does not bear any relation to the brilliance of the sound, but also does not carry any semantic significance. Why? - We’ll figure it out right away.

It has not yet been established exactly what range of sound frequencies is known to humans, but the range between them is 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In fact, it makes no difference to people that these headphones create something outside of this range, but it is important that everything that falls into this range is created with a range in thickness that does not outweigh the roses smart between (with an equal level of thickness the entire range of no headphones alone do not work).

It should be said here that these speakers will greatly increase this range, either “raising” or “muffling” the songs in the frequency range, trying to give the sound of their headphones a singing, “corporate” character - so For example, recently the practice of “lifting” has become popular "Singing to the high-frequency range of expensive headphones - so that their sound sounds more detailed and detailed. In any case, we do not have any information about this difference in intensity, peaks and valleys on different frequency sections.

In addition, it is important to note that very few current headphones can produce high frequencies without “crash” - for most models in the region above 14 kHz, an intense decline in the level of density begins. So it’s not worth complaining about because the headphones have a range that does not reach 20 KHz in the upper range (this is often the case with headphones based on reinforcement devices).

Before speaking, as long as the frequency range of headphones would not be widely specified by the transmitter - headphones are designed to produce sounds of any frequency that are found beyond their boundaries - only with a very large “blockage” of volume. And what kind of “blockage” should be considered in order to determine what is between the declared frequency range? 20 decibels, perhaps 30, or even more? In fact, there is no such thing as a uniform standard, and the skin picker is able to distinguish between the range literally where it is interesting. In such minds one cannot think too much about the merits of such characteristics as the range of frequencies used in headphones, and about their correctness and truthfulness.

What is the significance of music from tablets and smartphones?

This indicator means nothing more than the size of the electrical support of the headphones. We strongly recommend that you pay attention to those who are planning to use headphones with “low-power” sound devices – portable players, laptops, tablets, smartphones and computer sound cards.

It is important that with sufficient sensitivity of the headphones (about those in which sensitivity is important “sufficiently” reproducibly), their optimal support for portable players, smartphones and tablets is no more than 50-70 Ohms, and for laptops and computer sound cards - a little more than 100 Ohms (numbers, of course, approximate and averaged). At the same time, it is not recommended to use headphones that rely on lower power output (there are some, not just those described above, “low-power” devices) - at a minimum, this can lead to loss of sound quality, or at most, damage to the speaker. The rest, however, is more possible at the edges of the “stuck” situations.

It would seem that everything is simple - we marvel at the support, and believe that whether the headphones come to our ears or not. It’s true, ask the folds.

In fact, different headphones have two similar characteristics: the support of a constant flow and the impedance (complex support), which reflects the support of the headphones to a variable flow. Since the sound signal that comes from the player to the headphones is the most variable source, the impedance itself comes from these two characteristics.

In isodynamic headphones, the impedance is linear - their base lies at the frequency of the alternating stream. And the impedance axis of dynamic and reinforcement headphones depends on the frequency of the stream that falls on them (and, obviously, on the purity of the sound they create) can be different.

Moreover, while some headphones have insignificant impedance at frequency, in others it reaches significant values - and this can contribute to the brilliance of the sound. If in any part of the frequency range the impedance of the headphones must be low (below the output support of the device) - in this area there is a loss of separate components and an increase in the level of friction. The situation is similar if the “low-power” headphone cannot be connected to the high impedance of the headphones.

A small butt - a lot of the popular portable headphones Koss Porta Pro, which differ from their players, among their shortcomings mean a larger, “indistinct”, or even tighter bass. So, for the fluidity and depth of bass, these headphones are not record holders, but it is likely that their owners tried to connect them to the point of intense pressure, the stink would mean the value of the reduced parameter. And the whole thing on the right is that I want the statements of the Koss Porta Pro - only 60 Ohms, which is completely normal for portable headphones - in the “mid-bass” area it grows to 140 Ohms - and most portable players “pass”.

Now power supply - why do most headphones have impedance indicated by only one number, and what kind of meaning does this number make? Proof: this figure, as a rule, reflects the value of the impedance at a value of 1000 Hz - it is important that the purity of the instrument itself means and sets a comfortable density for itself. This is the result of the following figures: in most headphones, the “discharge” impedance at the frequency level is still not very high, and this figure can be used as a guideline when choosing headphones.

Full-fledged impedance graphs of headphone generators are rarely published, but if you want to know about the operation or other models of headphones, you can find out with great accuracy required information as needed.

Sensitivity reflects the level of sonic pressure

Otherwise, it is determined that the volume of the headphones is widened until they send a signal to the singing voice. Having spoken about the noise characteristics of the “range of created frequencies”, we already guessed that the loudness of headphones increases as the frequency range they create increases - which part of the headphone creates voices she, yaks - quieter.

In what part of the frequency range does sensitivity exist? As a rule, the mark of 1000 Hz is just that, because of the impedance problem.

The sensitivity of headphones is indicated either in decibels per milliwatt (dB/mW) or in decibels per volt (dB/V). Different models of headphones, including those of different types, indicate the extent to which each model is suitable for use with portable devices. The optimal level of sensitivity for such headphones is no less than 90 dB/V.

Knowing the magnitude of the headphone support, you can convert sensitivity, expressed in dB/mW, sensitivity, expressed in dB/V. For this there is a formula:

Sensitivity (dB/V) = Sensitivity (dB/mW)+20Lg(1/),

De R-operation of headphones.

Maximum tightness - this parameter is in theory...

This parameter, theoretically, is designed to reflect the maximum strength of the electrical signal that can be supplied to the headphones without the risk of damaging the speakers. As a rule, even understatements do not carry any practical sense.

What are the parameters of headphones to talk about how the headphones sound? Unfortunately, no, since the technical characteristics of various models have changed, it is not possible to choose from them the option that best suits the sound.

We have already said more than once that the best way to choose headphones is to go to the store, and after listening to a number of candidates, make your choice. Since you have such a possibility every day, we can recommend that you collect as much information as possible - inspections, observations, observations - about those models among which you are searching for “your one”, and accept them on their basis. shennya.

One of the new families proudly introduces a new member in the audio recording. We are pleased to present the professional condenser microphone C314, which is ideal for both the stage and the studio. From a sophisticated team of engineers to absolute precision, C314 is manufactured from the finest materials and components. You go through a powerful design and a fast-paced manufacturing process before reaching the final results: the microphone accurately captures the skin detail of your creativity. It doesn’t matter whether you make your recordings at a great concert hall or in a small studio room, you need to photograph the emotions and moments that are important to you, as well as the sound itself. With a wide frequency range of 20 Hz – 20 kHz and very low humid noise, the C314 captures skin nuances.

Based on the large number of C414 XLS capsules, its suspended diaphragm guarantees high accuracy of the straightness diagram, and the installed suspension system significantly reduces noise.
The universal C314 is a multi-instrumentalist at a concert, ready to perform wherever needed. Whether it's a cardioid, a supercardioid, an omnidirectional or a figure-8, there are plenty of ways to get a more natural sound from any instrument, electric or acoustic guitar, drums, etc. Use the supercardiod to shorten the rumble of the drums, then quickly move to the figure-8 for a balanced sound between the two vocalists - all with easy access.

C314 is a wonderful partner for any studio, especially with a lot of space. As a result, with your hands down, you can work with many more recordings of the shortest ones behind the yoke, and if there is a re-signal, the LED indicator will immediately inform you. This will help you take advantage of all the benefits of a large dynamic range and switch the pad only to suit your needs. This bass filter removes vibration, hum, and booming sounds while minimizing the proximity effect for a balanced recording. The elegant façade of this microphone features clear metal frames with a suspended mesh that protects the insides and guarantees lasting immunity to radio transmission, as well as a durable, smudge-resistant body, ready for transportation.

Characteristics:

Condenser microphone with 1” double diaphragm
Straightness diagram: cardioid, supercardioid, all-straight, figure-8
Sensitivity: 20 mV/Pa
Frequency range: 20 – 20000 Hz
Op: 200 Ohm
Maximum SPL: 135/155 dB
Equivalent noise level: 8 dB-A
Signal to noise ratio: 86 dB
Filter: 100 Hz, 12 dB/octave
Pad: -20 dB
Kharchuvannya: 44 - 52 V
Connector: 3-pin XLR
Dimensions: 160 x 55 x 43 mm
Vaga: 300 g

Primary testing of Edifier and Microlab stereo speakers (late 2014)

Pushing

Under the word tension, the common language often means “mich”, “strength”. It is entirely natural that buyers associate thickness with thickness: “The greater the tightness, the sweeter and louder the speakers sound.” However, the thought of Milkova has been broadened! It will not be long before a speaker with a power of 100 W becomes louder or clearer than the power of “everything” with a power of 50 W. The importance of tightness is better to talk not about tightness, but about the mechanical reliability of acoustics. Well 50 or 100 W - not at all louder to the sound, which appears to be a column. The dynamic heads themselves have a low CCD and produce only 2-3% of the strength of the electrical signal that is supplied to them (fortunately, the strength of the sound seems to be entirely necessary to create a sound circuit). The value indicated by the driver in the passport of the dynamics or the system as a whole, let’s talk about those that when the signal is applied to the specified pressure, the dynamic head or the acoustic system is not out of tune (due to a critical start-up and inter-turn short-circuit , “biting” the coil frame, ripping out the diffuser , damage to the suspension systems etc.).

Thus, the tightness of the acoustic system is not a technical parameter, a value that does not directly relate to the loudness of the sound of the acoustics, although it is associated with it in some way. The nominal values of the tension of the dynamic heads, subsilver tract, and acoustic system may vary. They are used as soon as possible for orientation and optimal integration between the components. Consistent, PIDSYLUVACHA is validly, the BILSHENSHENSTELLOWS can bewitch the column in the maximum positions of the regulator of the gutnosti on the heels of the PIDSYLUVAS: on the Pershoy Zhdyaki to the Tosky Rivnie, on the other to the posteal regime of the robot of the column.

Tightness may vary with different methods and in different test minds. The accepted standards of these worlds emerge. Let's take a look at some of the actions that are most often seen in the characteristics of companies' companies:

RMS (Rated Maximum Sinusoidal power- Maximum sinus pressure is set). The tension is simulated by applying a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 1000 Hz until a singing level of non-linear noise occurs. The value on your passport is written as follows: 15 W (RMS). This value seems to be that the acoustic system, when the signal is supplied to it at a pressure of 15 W, can work for three hours without mechanical damage to the dynamic heads. For multimedia acoustics, similar to Hi-Fi speakers, the RMS values are determined to be adjusted at very high harmonic levels, often up to 10%. With such hearing problems, it is practically impossible to hear sound support through strong wheezing and humming in the dynamic head and body of the speaker.

PMPO(Peak Music Power Output - peak musical intensity). In this case, the tension is vibrating by applying a short-hour sinusoidal signal with a duration of less than 1 second and a frequency of less than 250 Hz (define 100 Hz). Who does not rely on the number of non-linear creations. For example, the power of the speaker is still 500 W (PMPO). This fact seems to be that the acoustic system after producing a short-hour low-frequency signal is not small in terms of mechanical damage to the dynamic heads. People call the PMPO units “Chinese cotton wool” due to the fact that the amount of power generated by this method can reach thousands of watts! Find out - active speakers for a computer produce an electrical output of 10 V*A from a variable current and develop at a peak musical output of 1500 W (PMPO).

From time to time, the same Radian standards emerge for different types of difficulty. Stinks are regulated by GOST 16122-87 and GOST 23262-88, valid until this day. These standards mean such concepts as nominal, maximum noise, maximum sinusoidal, maximum pressure, maximum short-hour pressure. Actions from them are indicated on the passport for Radyansky (and Postradyansky) equipment. In secular practice these standards, of course, are not to be defied, so we will not complain about them.

Note: The most important practical consideration is the voltage value expressed in Watts (RMS) at a harmonic distortion (THD) value of 1% or less. However, the level of vibrations behind this indicator is very close and may not mean anything consistent with reality, and even the loudness of the sound is characterized by the level of a sound pressure. Tom The information content of the “soundness of the acoustic system” indicator is zero.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity is one of the parameters that is considered in the characteristics of acoustic systems. The value characterizes the intensity of the sound produced by the speaker at a distance of 1 meter when a signal is applied with a frequency of 1000 Hz and a pressure of 1 W. Sensitivity is measured in decibels (dB) below the sensitivity threshold (the zero level of sound pressure is equal to 2*10^-5 Pa). Sometimes the value used is the level of characteristic sensitivity (SPL, Sound Pressure Level). In this case, for the thickness of the graph with units of volumes, dB/W*m or dB/W^1/2*m is indicated. However, it is important to understand that sensitivity is not a linear ratio of the proportion between the level of sound pressure, the strength of the signal and the level of the sound pressure. Many companies indicate the sensitivity characteristics of dynamic heads, and they are looking for unconventional minds.

Sensitivity is a characteristic that is important when designing loudspeaker systems. If you do not fully understand what this parameter means, when choosing multimedia speakers for a PC, you may not need to be particularly sensitive (fortunately, this is not often the case).

frequency response

Amplitude-frequency response (frequency response) in the opposite direction is a graph that shows the difference in the amplitudes of the output and input signals for each range of operating frequencies. The frequency response is modified by supplying a sinusoidal signal of constant amplitude when changing its frequency. At a point on the graph where the frequency is equal to 1000 Hz, it is customary to add a level of 0 dB on the vertical axis. The ideal option is when the frequency response is represented by a straight line, otherwise such characteristics do not exist in real acoustic systems. When looking at the graph, it is necessary to pay special attention to the amount of unevenness. The greater the value of unevenness, the greater the frequency response to the timbre in the sound.

Exiting transmitters can indicate the range of frequencies to be created, which is the “extraction” of information from the frequency response: only the limiting frequencies and unevenness are indicated. For example, it is written: 50 Hz – 16 kHz (±3 dB). This means that with this acoustic system, the range of 50 Hz - 16 kHz sounds more reliable, and below 50 Hz and above 15 kHz, the unevenness increases sharply, the frequency response may be called “collapse” (res. characteristic decline).

Why am I threatening? A change in the level of low frequencies results in a loss of richness and richness of the bass sound. At the bottom of the bass line, the sound of the speaker sounds like a buzzer. At high frequencies, the sound will be dark and unreasonable. High frequencies mean the presence of annoying, unpleasant hissing and whistling sounds. In multimedia speakers, the magnitude of the frequency response unevenness is similar to that of the so-called Hi-Fi acoustics. All advertising claims by production companies about the frequency response of speakers of the type 20 - 20000 Hz (theoretical range of possibilities) must be treated with frequent skepticism. In this case, the unevenness of the frequency response is often not indicated, which can become inconceivable.

Some multimedia acoustics developers often “forget” to take into account the unevenness of the frequency response of the acoustic system, which is sharpened by the speaker characteristic of 20 Hz - 20000 Hz, requiring trimming the speaker. Of course, there is great confidence in buying a radio that will not guarantee a more uniform response in the mixture of frequencies 100 Hz - 10000 Hz. It is not at all possible to equalize the range of operating frequencies due to various irregularities.

Nonlinear reactions, harmonic coefficient

Kg is a coefficient of harmonious relations. The acoustic system is a folding electro-acoustic device, which has a non-linear amplification characteristic. Therefore, the signal from the entire audio path at the output of the system is subject to non-linear effects. One of the most obvious and simplest problems in the world is harmonious creation.

Coefficient - the value is dimensionless. It is indicated either in hundreds or in decibels. The formula for overshoot is: [dB] = 20 log ([%]/100). The greater the value of the harmonic coefficient, the louder the sound.

There are a lot of kilograms of speakers due to the strength of the signal that is fed to them. Therefore, there is no point in working in absentia or adjusting the speakers only according to the harmonic ratio, without going into listening to the equipment. In addition, for workers, the position of the volume regulator (calculate 30...50%) is not specified by the distributors.

New electrical support, impedance

The electrodynamic head provides strong support to a steady stream that remains in place until the material is deposited in the boiler (such a support is also called resistive or reactive). When a musical signal is supplied, which is a variable strum, the support of the head changes according to the frequency of the signal.

Impedance(impedans) - a central electrical support to the alternating current, dying out at a frequency of 1000 Hz. Set the impedance of speaker systems to 4, 6 or 8 ohms.

In general, the magnitude of the total electrical support (impedance) of the acoustic system is not the same as the sound intensity of the same or other vibrations, the buyer cannot tell. The speaker indicates this parameter so that it is supported when the speaker system is connected to the booster. If the value of the speaker support is lower, the lower the recommended value of the booster, the sound may interfere with or cause short-circuit protection; If so, the sound will be much quieter, lower than the recommended support.

Speaker housing, acoustically designed

One of the important factors that influences the sound of an acoustic system is the acoustic design of the superior dynamic head (dynamics). When designing acoustic systems, the speaker is faced with the problem of choosing an acoustic design. There are over a dozen species.

Acoustic design is divided into acoustically sophisticated and acoustically enhanced. The first step is the design, in which the shape of the diffuser is surrounded by a very rigid suspension. In another case, the diffuser is interconnected by the rigidity of the suspension, the springiness of the air and the acoustic support of the vibration. Acoustic design is also divided into single- and double-acting systems. The single-actuator system is characterized by the arousal of sound reaching the hearing through one side of the diffuser (the vibration of the other side is neutralized by the acoustic design). The suspended air system is based on the vibration of the molded sound on both surfaces of the diffuser.

The fragments on the high-frequency and mid-frequency dynamic heads of the acoustic design of the speaker practically do not flow into the body, as we know about the most extensive options for low-frequency acoustic design of the cabinet.

The acoustic scheme has become increasingly widespread, giving rise to the name “closed box”. Build up to the desired acoustic design. Let's close it with a housing and display the speaker diffuser on the front panel. Positive values: good frequency response and impulse characteristics. Disadvantages: low efficiency, the need for intense support, a high level of harmonious movements.

Alternatively, to combat the sound noises and squealing sounds on the side of the diffuser, they can be cured. The most extensive option of sub-diaphragm systems is a phase inverter. With a pipe of singing and a cut, mounted in the body. Finally, the phase inverter must be cut in such a way that at the song’s frequency there is a oscillation of sound horns, in phase with the oscillations uttered by the front side of the diffuser.

For subwoofers, an acoustic circuit with the commonly accepted name “resonator box” is widely used. In front of the front butt, the speaker diffuser is not located on the panel of the body, but is located in the middle, on the partition. The speaker itself does not take any part from the molded low-frequency spectrum. A tired diffuser will less likely cause low-frequency sound vibrations, which then greatly increase in density in the phase inverter pipe, which plays the role of a resonant chamber. The advantage of these design solutions is high efficiency factor with small dimensions of the subwoofer. Shortcomings appear in poor phase and impulse characteristics, and the sound becomes dull.

The optimal choice would be medium-sized speakers with a wooden casing, closed-circuit speakers or a phase inverter. When choosing a subwoofer, you should pay attention not to its volume (for this parameter, inexpensive models may have a sufficient reserve), but to reliable coverage of the entire low-frequency range. From the point of view of the brightness of the sound, the most unfavorable speakers with a thin body or even small sizes.

A home acoustic system is one of the benefits of handiness. Amazing sound is the basis of any important system, including listening to music, playing computer games or watching videos. Without proper attention to sound, the most wonderful film and wonderful game plot will fade away and appear unfinished. In principle, it is understandable that information is received by all sensory organs almost instantly, so the low acidity of one element is immediately indicated by the central sensor.

There are almost no options for sound output, as we have today on acoustic systems. When choosing an acoustic system for a computer, the user must decide which format will suit him best.

First, let’s look at a few terms so that we don’t get bogged down with them later.

Satellites (from Latin satellitis - companion)- speakers in x.1 formats to expand the mid- and high-frequency sound range.

Subwoofer- Stopper for expanding the low-frequency range of sound frequencies (from 20 to 350 Hz). A subwoofer (or bass speaker) is the heaviest speaker in an acoustic system and often overwhelms all satellites at once.

And now let’s look at the main formats of acoustic systems:

2.0 - Just stereo. The system consists of two speakers, which are usually installed on the table at the edges of the monitor. It is necessary to ensure space between the columns and not place them back to back at the same time. The speakers are designed to produce mid and high frequencies (dual), in addition to the model, they can also produce low frequencies (tris).

2.1 - a subwoofer is added to the stereo speakers - a special device for producing low frequencies. The expansion of the 2.1 speaker system is equal to the 2.0 configuration, except that the subwoofer must be installed lower (on a special basis or under the floor) and on the side of the satellites. The subwoofer produces low frequencies, and the satellite produces high and mid frequencies. The 2.1 system will provide amazing bass that will not be noticeable in games, movies, or music.

4.0 - Quadrophonic acoustic system. This speaker will ensure the volume of sound. The satellites are spread out over four corners of the square, the listener is obliged to walk in the middle between them.

4.1 - Quadrophonic speaker with additional subwoofer.

4.1 volume- one of a variety of surround sound formats. Two satellites are placed in front of the speaker on both sides, next to them is the central channel, and another satellite is installed behind the speaker. Four speakers are supplied with a subwoofer, which is installed in front of the speaker, or on the side of the front satellites (usually on the underside).

5.1 - The main acoustic format of surround sound. Budova is similar to the 4.1 format, except that two satellites are separated and placed at the edges, and not in the center. The sound produced by such an acoustic system (for example, when watching a movie) is simply incredible! Of course, with proper adjustment. It’s time to create a home cinema.

7.1 - the same surround sound acoustics as 5.1, but with a large number of channels. There are also satellites available on the sides of the hearing aid. Of course, it sounds even better. Vikorist is mainly used for home cinema.

For computer games, 2.1 or 4.1 formats are available, stereo or quad speakers provide the main precision, a subwoofer provides low frequencies (vibrations, sound of monsters and other low-frequency special effects).

For movie lovers, it is better to choose speakers in 5.1 or 7.1 format. The satellites produce a very clear volume (so-called Dolby Surround, “surround sound”), and the adjacent speaker is responsible for displaying the voice of the film on the channel (when viewed through a stereo system, this signal is muffled and the voices of the actors are poorly heard).

For music lovers, 2.0 speaker systems are recommended, since all music may be recorded in stereo format. Of course, in addition to the speakers in 2.1 and 5.1 formats, they do not emphasize the sound quality, but there is little of it (the jambs with sound, firstly, are connected with the subwoofer, which adds noise and overtones to the sound). As an option, you can think about a quadraphonic system; the sound, however, will not be so much volumetric, but a little insignificant stereo.

If we have decided on the format of the speaker system and are ready to choose different models, it is important to consider the technical characteristics of the speakers.

Case material

The material that contributes the most to the sound is the body of the speaker system. Current acoustic systems are made from plastic, chipboard, MDF or metal (all premium systems are made from a special warehouse).

Plastic is used for the production of acoustic systems of the lower price category. The main advantage of using plastic is the ability to vary the shape and design with low cost. This often results in flaws in the sound, poor performance of the low-frequency range, and high-frequency performance.
Wood is an ideal material for making speakers, especially on the road (whole wood only hardens during the production of high-quality acoustic systems). The road is associated with the complexity of the processing processes, the raw material must be collected at the cutting stage, the trivial term is washed out and dried with a natural sludge.
Plywood for vykoristan in the AC has 12 or more balls, has good adhesive properties, while it is lighter than chipboard and MDF. However, compared with chipboard and MDF, plywood is a very expensive material that is practically inaccessible for the production of acoustic systems.
Chipboard (chipboard) is much cheaper than solid wood and plywood. Chipboards with a thickness of more than 16 mm have a high thickness, which reduces the resonances of the body. The thick structure of the chipboard does not introduce any moisture sounds into the sound of the acoustic system. Due to its low quality and good acoustic characteristics, chipboard is widely used as a driver for speakers in the mid-price segment.
MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) is a thickening material for the production of computer acoustics. The main advantages of MDF when making speakers are the elimination of sound vibrations and the provision of sufficient rigidity to the speaker body.
For metal cases, use aluminum and other alloys. They provide good mechanical properties to the body: lightness, rigidity and strength. Aluminum allows you to change the resonance and improve the transmission of high frequencies. Metal, like plastic, can be incorporated into life with the most delightful design solutions. The main disadvantage of the metal body is that it sounds too “hard” and “metal”.

Knowing the types of materials that are used to prepare the cabinets will not ensure the high-quality sound of the speakers. A great role here is played by the technical characteristics of the booster, filters, speakers, as well as the flexibility of the folding and sound system.

Tension (RMS)

Many manufacturers most often indicate in the technical characteristics of their models “musical” pressure (P.M.P.O., Peak Music Power Output - peak musical pressure), as defined by the German standard DIN 45500.

According to the digital standard, a short-hour signal with a frequency below 250 Hz is sent to the acoustic system. Since there are daily problems, it is important that the speaker has been tested. Who does not have the benefit of non-linear interference with the signal. This method allows you to specify high values of “tension”, which is often 10-100 times greater than the maximum sinusoidal value. This parameter only weakly characterizes the real brightness of the sound created.

For the real characteristics of the speakers, the intensity indicator RMS (Root Mean Squared - root mean square value) is used. This tension is simulated by supplying a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 1000 Hz until a constant level of nonlinear noise is reached. Since the characteristics of the model say 25 W (RMS), this means that the acoustic system, when supplied with a signal of 25 W, can work for three hours without mechanical damage to the speakers.

How much tension is necessary for a clear sound? This is determined by the parameters of the location where this equipment is planned to be installed, the characteristics of the speaker itself, as well as the needs of the listener. For a room in a small apartment, for example, it would be too much to power up the system to 50 W.

Frequency range (AFC – Amplitude-frequency response)

The frequency range is the range of available speaker frequencies. In x.1 formats, the frequency range is divided into two parts - the low frequencies are provided by the subwoofer, and the mid and high frequencies are provided by the satellite.

The ideal frequency range is “20 Hz - 20000 Hz” (in small rounding, the range of sound sounds that can be heard by the human ear). However, practically this range is unattainable by most acoustic systems.

In most surges, the transmitters indicate only the limiting frequencies and unevenness of the frequency response. For example, the frequency range “40 Hz - 18 kHz” means that in this range the sound of the acoustic system is equal and reliable. Below 40 Hz and above 18 kHz, the unevenness of the frequency response increases sharply. Below 40 Hz, the speakers produce sounds unclearly, there may be a hum or strong signal attenuation, and above 18 kHz there may be a crack or hiss.

The value of the range is affected by the amount of noise created by acoustic systems. The optimal ones are trismic speakers with an active signal distribution to the high-frequency, mid-frequency and low-frequency ranges with additional, further supply to the skin range around the dynamics of the speaker system. This type of treatment allows you to directly enhance the intensity of different skin conditions and thus ensure the optimal operating mode for the skin dynamics.

For games and movies, use a dual speaker system, and for making music (especially if you are a music lover and appreciate pure sound), use a trismic acoustic system.

Improved signal/noise

Signal-to-noise ratio is the value that corresponds to the intensity of the core signal to noise. The value appears in decibels.

The SNR shows how much noise the speaker booster makes (from 60 to 135.5 dB) when there is no signal when you turn the volume control to maximum. The greater the signal/noise ratio, the clearer sound the speakers will provide. For bright speakers this indicator is around 75 dB, for premium class models – no less than 90 dB.

More acoustically designed

There are a number of acoustic design options.

The screen is closed- a completely closed housing with dynamic head diffusers displayed on the front panel. This option has a low efficiency and a decrease in the low-frequency range, for which you need to add more pressure.

A phase inverter pipe is mounted near the housing. With the correct design of the dimensions of the pipe and the volume of the body of the acoustic system, the phase inverter significantly improves the sound of the acoustic system. This creates a quivering of sound waves, in phase with the quivering sounds of the front side of the diffuser. This results in a stronger low-frequency range and a “softer” sound. This design is similar to the AC format 2.0.

Band-Pass (closed resonator box)- Design for subwoofers. The speaker is installed in the middle of the body, and only the phase inverter pipe is located on the top. The speaker itself does not take up the middle part of the molded low-frequency spectrum, and the volume of the speaker only causes low-frequency sound vibrations, which then increase due to the hum of the phase inverter pipe. Band pass is not always suitable for making music, because at higher frequencies the subwoofer begins to “buzz”. However, systems in 2.1, 4.1 and 5.1 formats are generally not used for music production.

It shows the stagnation of the folding and large body. The column consists of a small dynamic head of the compression type, installed in the neck of the horn, for which the efficiency of the dynamics is constantly moving. Head plus - deep and rich bass. In this case, the acoustics will be massive and expensive. If you change the size of the speaker, and therefore the horn, the efficiency of the system decreases sharply.

(transmission line) clicks to extinguish and dissipate the return side of the bass speaker diffuser. It is located in the middle of the body and has an output hole, like a traditional phase inverter. The labyrinth allows you to extract deep and clear bass, and also simplifies the unique characteristics of the speakers. The acoustic labyrinth benefits from a large and foldable body, although its vicor gives little advantage over a properly insured primary phase inverter.

Omni-directional (all-directional) speakers Promotes sound 360 degrees, which allows you to capture a wide and voluminous stereo image. All-directional acoustics are designed to fill the room with sound that can be perceived by the ears in any place. As a result, the sound picture between two such speakers will not be as accurate and focused as with traditional acoustics.

U electrostatic speakers a diffuser that produces sound vibrations and a thin spray with an electrostatic charge. This spitting of the table is light and does not accumulate kinetic energy and this does not make sense. Such an effect usually results in insightful and pure sound, a clear vision of confusion and confusion. Such speakers are ideal for vocal and classical music, where accuracy and smoothness of sound are important. The problem is that the open back panel of such speakers allows for easy placement in the listening room at a significant distance from the walls. AS vymagaet dzherela vitality and yakisnogo support. Reducing the bass range requires the use of an additional woofer or a nearby subwoofer.

Magneto-planar speakers The principle of operation is similar to electrostatic ones, in which the vibrating fluid flows under the influence of a sound signal in a stationary magnetic field. Magneto-planar speakers sound clean and clear, and are ideal for creating vocal, including choral parts. When using electrostatic speakers, the stench will not require any vitality. The disadvantages are mostly the same. Rise up, you bastards, you need a good booster.

U string speakers To create sound waves, thin aluminum foil is hammered against a stationary magnetic field. The string vibrating generator produces sound with little interference, but is absolutely not suitable for operation in the low-frequency range. Besides bad bass, another problem with string speakers is their lighter metal sound.

Speaker sizes

Compact acoustics (curls ~25 cm)

These speakers are inexpensive, compact, and can provide outstanding stereo sound. Establish a tonal neutral balance.

The main minus is the shallow bass. Moreover, other speakers may have low sensitivity and in order to get the boomy sound out of them, a minimum of 40 W of power is required to be supplied. When applying very great pressure, however, there is a slight disturbance to the sound (at the worst case, the sound coils heat up and burn).

When installed flush against the wall, you need to select speakers with a phase inverter on the front panel. In addition, such placement allows you to strengthen the bass until the singing world.

Stacked acoustics of medium size (curls ~35 cm)

Stand-up acoustics are much larger in volume than regular speakers and can provide even deep low frequencies (the sound range of string bass instruments). The acoustics of this class are a far compromise between size and sound quality.

The main disadvantage is the large size for placing them in the work place or book police. If special stands are used, then such a system will take up space like large columns for subtext.

Compact acoustics for a background (height ~ 100 cm)

The sub-speakers can also be adjusted to add overflow and deep bass to make the sub-speaker more comfortable in your vitality. With a relatively modest height, the acoustics are compact and can be used in the low-frequency range below 30 Hz. Occupying less space than the size of a stand-up speaker, the sub-frame models produce a crisp sound, have great sensitivity and do not require excessive force.

The main disadvantages are related to the dimensions of the speakers. By itself, such a system looks massive in a small room, and for the best sound, the speakers will have to be placed against the wall (even more of them are seen in the open). In addition, the columns of the base must be properly secured to the base, so that there is no additional damage to the body.

Great acoustics (height over 120 cm)

Great acoustics can work with high pressure, which leads to deep bass. The speaker can be equipped with woofers to expand the low-frequency range. Great acoustics have high sensitivity and sound with little tension, so that the placement of significant dimensions can be clearly heard, sound large and comfortable, have low frequencies in the bass and wide dynamic range. range.

The massiveness of such systems can be disconcerting, especially if the placement is not so great. That stink, as it seems, is not cheap.

Top list of acoustic systems for today 2015

Stereo systems - 2.0

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 24 W
Operating frequency range – 70 Hz – 24000 Hz
Overall dimensions – 226 x 197 x 140 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 4.75 kg
Color – black, brown

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 30 W
Operating frequency range – 63 Hz – 24000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions – 220x180x140 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 6.8 kg
Color – black, brown

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 42 W
Operating frequency range – 75 Hz – 18000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions – 234 x 196 x 146 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 4.9 kg
Color – black, brown

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 50 W
Operating frequency range – 45 Hz – 24000 Hz
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions - 160×255×200 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 5.2 kg
Color black

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 124 W
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions – 218 x 370 x 292 mm
Acoustic system weight – 16 kg
Color black

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 100 W
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions – 210 x 270 x 361 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 13.7 kg
Color – black, brown

Material - MDF
Operating frequency range – 50 Hz – 20000 Hz
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions – 214 x 575 x 323 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 21.9 kg
Color – black, brown

Material - MDF
Full musical tension – 140 W
Operating frequency range – 40 Hz – 20000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions – 258 x 463 x 320 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 27.8 kg
Color black

Three-component acoustics - 2.1

Material – plastic
Full musical intensity – 48 W (2x9 W + 32 W)
Operating frequency range – 50 Hz – 20000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 80
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 248 x 199 x 294 mm
Overall dimensions of satellites – 69 x 234 x 118 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 4.1 kg
Color – black, white

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 80 W (2x20 W + 40 W)
Operating frequency range – 35 Hz – 25000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 265×265×265 mm
Overall dimensions of satellites - 120×202×125 mm
Overall dimensions of the booster block - 69×200×220 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 7.5 kg
Color brown

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 53 W (2x9 W + 35 W)
Operating frequency range – 55 Hz – 18000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions of satellites – 90 x 180 x 130 mm.
Weight of acoustic systems – 7.8 kg
Color black

Material - MDF (subwoofer), plastic (satellite)
Full musical intensity – 200 W (2x35 W + 130 W)
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 303×264×282 mm
Overall dimensions of satellites – 116×195×135 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 8.3 kg
Color black

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 140 W (2x35 W + 70 W)
Operating frequency range – 20 Hz – 20000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Magnetic shielding – є
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 274 x 309 x 468 mm.
Overall dimensions of the satellites – 116 x 203 x 160 mm.
Acoustic system weight – 19 kg
Color black

Six-channel systems - 5.1

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 65 W (5x8 W + 25 W)
Operating frequency range – 30 Hz – 20000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 75
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 190 x 267 x 400 mm.
Overall dimensions of satellites – 95 x 218 x 103 mm (center), 198 x 106 x 103 mm (sides)
Weight of acoustic systems – 10 kg
Color black

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 80 W (4x8 W + 10 W + 38 W)
Operating frequency range – 45 Hz – 18000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 232 x 242 x 288 mm.
Overall dimensions of satellites – 180 x 90 x 130 mm (center), 90 x 180 x 130 mm (sides)
Overall dimensions of the booster block – 78 x 255 x 250 mm.
Weight of acoustic systems – 12.6 kg
Color black

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 270 W (5x32 W + 110 W)
Operating frequency range – 20 Hz – 25000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - 92
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 267 x 340 x 310 mm.
Overall dimensions of satellites – 122 x 220 x 182 (small), 240 x 1000 x 200 mm (tower), 220 x 122 x 182 mm (center)
Weight of acoustic systems – 33.5 kg
Color brown

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 500 W (5x67 W + 165 W)
Operating frequency range – 35 Hz – 20000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 95
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 280×318×292 mm
Overall dimensions of satellites -99×92×163 mm
Weight of acoustic systems – 12.7 kg
Color black

Material - MDF
Full musical intensity – 540 W (5x60 W + 240 W)
Operating frequency range – 42 Hz – 20000 Hz
Signal/noise ratio, dB - ≥ 85
Overall dimensions of the subwoofer – 367 x 397 × 489 mm
Overall dimensions of satellites – 316 x 117 × 157 mm (center), 116 x 203 × 160 mm (sides)
Acoustic system weight – 30 kg
Color black

More than once. It is accepted that people sense up to approximately 20 kHz, even in their youth. Ale spravzhnya famously checks with the vimirs. I’ll point the butt with my hearing.

For a very long hour, less than once (shout really, really kindly, because the frequency is measured up to 16 kHz). I don’t study any more. Well, and through those that I didn’t get to the glorious place in St. Petersburg, and it’s difficult to grow up like a crazy person there, then I, as well as someone else, could barely get to the bottom of what kind of hearing I have.

It has already been noted more than once that there are a lot of program generators for sinusoidal vibration of the required frequency in the final circuit, not just due to the peculiarities of the work of devices in operating systems on computers: the driver is less likely to produce high-pitched sounds. It seems that on the old laptop I can easily feel 20 kHz, but on the new one I can’t even get anywhere with 17-18 kHz using another program.

Alright, now let's get down to business. Obviously, my favorite, for more than 10 years now, are Koss Porta Pro headphones. This range is often used by everyone: some can be adjusted up to 24 kHz. However, on the Internet there are a lot of tests (frequency response), which indicate a decrease in frequency response around 20 kHz, so we can extract the results. Unfortunately, it was not possible to know the frequency response above 20 kHz. There is also an Asus Xonar DX sound card. Sound generator program - NCH Tone Generator.

Based on my observations, if I haven’t gotten enough sleep: up to approximately 18500-19000 Hz, it’s very evenly voiced, after the loudness comes up and there’s a clearly noticeable humminess right up to the limit in the program up to 22000 Hz It is a fact that after approximately 18200-18700 it seems that the sound itself is moving in tone. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the difference in the frequency response of the headphones between 12000 and 20000 is close to 30 dB.

It is also appreciated that built-in audio boards often output audio frequencies above 18 kHz. As the “sinusoid” sounds at the same time as I hear, let’s say, playing on Skype, it starts a little. And precisely the original recordings of sinusoidal sounds, which are cut by the driver when created and almost without a serious sound card.

Unfortunately, it is not possible to convert more accurately and insightfully at this stage. Alas, such a freeze is so ostentatious.

Sometimes such a measurement can be a problem for people who cannot make a measurement anywhere near 8000 Hz with hearing problems, in order to determine if they are slightly burned out. And it’s also easy to just jump into the possibilities just a little bit better, a little bit more than the norm.