Passive tone controls. Install the front switch on the lm833 with treble and bass controls, balance of tacticity Control circuits for high and low frequencies

Estimation of the brightness of the sound signal lampovim ULF, as if it were a sound-creating device, it is determined by skin hearing than individually, on the basis of a subjective spriynyatya signal that is being strengthened. When the skin is coristuvach in the process of listening, be-like phonograms do not only evaluate the clarity, but also the mother’s ability to change the parameters of the low-frequency signal, which are created, apparently, to their own special drinks. The soundness of sound, in the first line, is determined by the frequency response of the sound-creating device, in which it is necessary to adjust the frequency response regulator, which allows you to set the best voltage for the listener in the frequency range that is being heard. For the purpose of measuring in the ULF, special cascades are installed, which are frequency response regulators. In these cascades, often called tone controls, they are protected by either a blockage of the signals of the main frequencies and a hundred of the signals of the lower frequencies at the borders of the smog of the passage. Often, the task of such regulators is intermixed with a low or a blockage of the signals of the extreme frequencies of the sound range along with the signals of the middle frequencies. In tube ULFs, effective dynamic frequency response regulators allow you to adjust the characteristic of the signal, which is enhanced, apparently to the acoustic power of the application, to compensate for the possibility of deviation from the typical characteristics due to the possible effects, to achieve the most natural sounding of phonograms.

From the hour of the appearance of the first tube ULFs, the sound-creating equipment was stopped by impersonal circuit solutions for timbre regulators. The deyakіs of them did not watch the re-verification for an hour, the one who was not satisfied with the steadily growing mighty koristuvachіv. In addition, after numerous modernizations and improvements, and at the same time, they are victorious at modern industries and radio amateurs with high-yield lamp equipment. Obmezheniya obsyag proponovanoї books do not allow report rozvіsti about all possible options tone controls for tube ULFs. For this, the schemes will be looked at less often.

More important are the circuit design solutions of the timbre regulator based on the various replacement supports and permanent capacitors. The work of these regulators is influenced by the fact that with the increase in the frequency of the opir of the capacitor it changes. It is necessary to designate that the sound of high-fidelity sound-working lamp equipment has a timbre control with four different controls for signals of lower, middle and high frequencies. Prote often, especially in radio amateur designs, you can use the tone controls, combined mechanically. The circuit elements of such cascades are selected in such a way that, with a one-hour timbre control, we balance the change in the bandwidth of the tube ULF, which ensures the reception of a sounding signal that can be used to wind with a narrow bandwidth.

Most often, in the cascades of the regulators in the timbre of high-pitched sound-creating equipment, without intermediary, like regulators, change resistors, which allow step by step or smoothly change the gain in the range of the adjusted frequency range. However, quite often in the tube bass subwoofers there are also stage regulators, which are sometimes called tone registers. With this additional help for the best performance of the singing phonograms, you can immediately select the most important frequency response of the subsiluvial tract. On a special note merit rich-channel (mostly tri-channel) tone controls, yakі zastosovuvaetsya in parallel with separate sub-siluvial tracts, for example, for higher, middle and lower frequencies, which are used on different types of acoustic systems. The achievements of these systems are especially remembered by great audiences and great strains.

At the tube ULF of the promiscuous cascade, to ensure the regulation of the timbre, sound to enter the warehouse of the front podsiluvach. The tone controls can be installed at the input of the bass player, as well as between the front and end bass speakers. Similar circuitry solutions are also installed in some radioamator designs.

In modern lamp equipment of high fidelity to the sound, the timbre control sounds like the frequency-delayed regulators of the strength, and the regulators equal the frequency-delayed negative. zvorotny zv'azku. Krym tsgogo, mozhliva pozdova timbre regulators іz zastosuvannyam raznyh combinations zaznachenyh sposobі. When choosing a tone control circuit, it is necessary to correct the tone, that the first method of regulation is characterized by a change in the steepness of the frequency response at the boundaries of the range and a constant frequency to the transition. The tone controls, installed in the frequency bands of the fallow negative loop, alter the change in the frequency of the transition and the constant steepness of the frequency response.

One of the most important minds, which chooses the choice of the tone control scheme in the tube ULF, is the stability of the robot and the power supply and the presence of non-linear generations. Indeed, often the tone controls are included in the lanceg of a negative turning link, which is the reason for the creation. Tsі sotvorennya obumovleniâ zmіnami phase characteristics with deep regulation of the frequency response. Therefore, in amateur constructions, the schemes often rely on the schemes, in which the timbre is controlled in the channels of the strengthening, and not in the lances of the negative turning link.

It is necessary to indicate that the change in timbre is noticeable by ear and sounds, if the appropriate regulators ensure the change in the gain at a given frequency is not less than 6 dB, then by 2 times. However, for high-yield sound-creative equipment, the minimum change in strength is insufficient. Therefore, in order for the listener to instantly change the timbre of the sound at wide ranges, whether it be phonograms, the tone controls are responsible for changing the gain at the extreme frequencies of the sound spectrum no less than 15-20 dB. When choosing a choice between for a skin-friendly tone control, the tone control is to blame for the adjustment of power and features of the acoustic system.

Slid also vrakhovuvat, that for the regulation of the timbre in wide ranges and with the frequency response of the extreme frequencies of the smog of the transmission, with any method of regulation, it is necessary to maintain a sufficient supply of power.

A prominent feature of simple timbre controls, which are most often found in low-power tube ULFs, is the provision of an audible signal of low frequencies, which reaches beyond the rahunok to a blockage of higher frequencies. In its time, such regulators have become wide-spread for a number of reasons. First, the simplest acoustic systems on low frequencies oh, there may already be a commemorative blockage of the frequency response, but in another way, the sensitivity of human hearing to low tones is somewhat reduced, especially for low volume. In addition, such regulators are easy to use.

The principles of simple timbre regulators, which ensure the ability to regulate changes in high-frequency warehouse signals, are shown in fig. one.

Fig.1. Principles of simple tone controls

In both tone control circuits, the frequency response of the cascade is determined by the position of the motor of the change resistor R2. Since the motor of the potentiometer R2 is in the extreme lower position behind the circuit, the frequency response cannot be blocked. If the motor of the change resistor R2 is in the extreme upper position, then the capacitor C2 shunts the passage of the signal at the highest frequencies. As a result, the frequency response in the region of the highest frequencies may block.

Changing the parameters of other elements of these timbre controls will also change the appearance of the frequency response of the cascade. The scheme, images in Fig. 1 a, the capacitance of the capacitor C2 can vary between 3000 pF and 0.01 μF, and in the circuit in fig. 1 b opir resistor R1 - between 200 and 430 kOhm. If you install a potentiometer R2 in the circuit with a support of 10 kOhm, then with a capacitance of capacitor C2, which is 0.001 μF, the blockage of the frequency response will appear at lower frequencies, and with a capacitance of 5100 pF - at higher frequencies in the open range. In fact, insulting the analysis of the scheme in the process of regulation can lead to the same result.

In low-voltage tube ULF vibrations, earlier the blockage of the frequency response of the acoustic system at low frequencies can often be compensated for by additional lances, which are corrected, the principles of the scheme of such induction in Fig. 2.

Fig.2. Principal schemes of curly lancets

The scheme is shown in fig. 2 and the frequency response of the cascade depends on the position of the engine of the change resistor R3. At the top of the diagram of the position of the motor of the potentiometer R3, the frequency response does not change, nor does it fall. If the motor of the changeable resistor R3 is in the extreme lower position, then in the region of low frequencies the range, which should be observed, is monitored. If you need to ensure constant fixing of low frequencies, you can put in a short lanyard, the principle diagram of which is shown in Fig. 2b.

p align="justify"> The principles of simple tone controls, which can be installed at the input of a tube ULF, are shown in fig. 3. For the help of such regulators, there is no need to weaken the strength of signals at higher and lower frequencies in the range that is being created. When vikoristanny tsikh regulators in the frequency response, the sound zdijsnyuetsya behind the help of a frequency-deposited negative zvorotny zv'yazku, scho plyuє kіtsevyj cascade pіdsilyuvacha.

Fig.3. Principal schemes of tone controls with suppression of high and low frequencies

The scheme, images in Fig. 3 a, in parallel with the potentiometer R2, for the help of which the level of warehouse low frequencies is regulated, switching on the capacitor C1. If the motor of the changeable resistor R2 is in the extreme left position behind the circuit, the capacitor C1 closes and does not flow into the shape of the frequency response of the power supply, as in this position of the regulator it can be driven at lower frequencies. In the world, moving the mover to the right, the opir of the potentiometer R2 grows and in the extreme right position it reaches the maximum value. At the same time, the opir of the changeable resistor is more expensive, or else it is larger for the reactive opir of the capacitor C1 for lower audio frequencies. Through the war, the fierce opir of the lancer, these frequencies grow, and the stench will be weakened. The regulation is equal to the signal at higher frequencies of the specified range in the circuit, which is viewed by changing the resistor R3. At the bottom of the diagram of the position of the potentiometer motor, the frequency response of the potentiometer may be lower at the highest frequencies. When the potentiometer motor is moved to the uppermost position, the capacitor C2 is connected to the input of the power supply unit, which leads to the weakening of higher audio frequencies.

The scheme, images in Fig. 3b, the ratio of the warehouse lower and higher frequencies is practically regulated in the same way, as in the previously reviewed scheme (Fig. 3, a). Potentiometer R3 is adjusted for the density. The depth of regulation of the frequency characteristics of both schemes can be changed by changing the values ​​of the capacitances of the capacitors C1 (LF) and C2 (HF).

Often, in radio amateur designs of simple tube ULF, tone controls with one regulator are installed, for the help of which the shape of the frequency response is changed only at lower or higher frequencies in the range that is being done. Principal diagrams of possible circuit solutions of such regulators are shown in fig. 4.

Fig.4. Principal scheme of the treble tone control (a) and the bass tone control (b)

Schematic diagram tone control, which is safe as a pidyom, so the level of signals of higher frequencies to the range, which is shown, is given in fig. 4 a. With the upper position of the motor of the change resistor R3 behind the circuit, it is important to go through the capacitor C3 to the output stage through the capacitor C3, it is important that the frequency response is higher frequencies, so the frequency response can be increased in the region of higher frequencies. If the motor of the potentiometer R3 is in the extreme lower position, then the lower and middle frequencies should be switched to the output of the cascade, and the higher frequencies will be switched by the capacitor C1. As a result, the frequency response at the highest frequencies may block.

The principle diagram of one of the options for the regulator, in which the position of the potentiometer motor determines the blockage or the low-frequency signals, is shown in fig. 4b. In this circuit, with the lower position of the motor of the change resistor R3, signals of high and medium frequencies pass through the capacitor C2 to the output of the cascade. When tsimu vіdbuvaєtsya zrіz warehouse low frequencies. Since the motor of the potentiometer R3 is located at the top of the position circuit, the signals of high and medium frequencies are shunted through the capacitor C3, and in the region of low frequencies they are driven slowly.

It should be noted that, with different schemes, for the implementation of the necessary frequency response, it is necessary to add a margin of strength and tension coefficient. So, for example, if the intensity of the tension is reduced, then the timbre control will be due to the decrease in tension at the middle frequencies. With a maximum tension of the pressure switch, for example, 2 W and a given pressure at lower frequencies by 10 dB, we take only 0.2 W of tension at medium frequencies. As such tightness is not enough, it is necessary to set a smaller value of the characteristic shift, so that a smaller range of regulation.

Looked at the simplest tone controls were widely used in tube woofers of low intensity (1 to 3 W) with a single-ended circuit of the end cascade. However, such regulators do not always ensure the necessary improvement in the quality of the sound, which is especially noteworthy for the hour of the creation of musical phonograms. To this, the ever-growing vimogi to the vibrancy of the sound of tube ULFs were brought up to the appearance of the so-called universal timbre regulators, as they ensure a wide change in the frequency response of the lower, middle and higher frequencies in the open range. One of the main advantages that are presented to universal regulators is the ability to increase the level of signals from extreme frequencies from one to the middle. Your mind is pleased with the tone control, an important scheme of which is shown in fig. 5, a. It is not important to remember that the proponation cascade is a combination of two tone controls, the schemes of which were reviewed earlier (Fig. 4).

Rice. 5. Schematic diagram of the bridge tone control

The peculiarities of this regulator are those that add to the path of strengthening the permanent damping of the middle frequency. At the same level of signals of medium frequencies, that range of regulation is established by selecting the values ​​of the supports of resistors R7 and R8. The principles of operation of the regulators of the highest and lower frequencies of such a cascade are in no way different from the previously considered circuits (Fig. 4). If necessary, you can significantly change the range of regulation of the lower and higher frequencies. For which it is sufficient to change the spacing of the capacitances of capacitors C1 and C3 for higher frequencies in the range that is being implemented, as well as the spacing of the capacitances of capacitors C4 and C5 for low frequencies. With any increase in the frequency, it moves up equal to the signal of the main channel, and the change decreases down.

You can look at the diagram from the well-known radio amateurs and professionals of the so-called bridge type RC-regulator, the principle diagram of which is shown in fig. 5 B. As it was intended, this cascade ensures the constant extinction of the signals of the middle frequencies, and the movement of the sliders in the potentiometers changes to reduce the extinction of the signals of the higher and lower frequencies. With any interregulation at the extreme frequencies of the range, which are created, lie down in the gas, which is introduced by the regulator at the middle frequency. So, for example, if the signal changes by a factor of ten, so that the decay is more than 20 dB, then the signal level at the highest and lower frequencies can be increased by about 15 dB. The head part of the examined regulator is those that, in order to compensate for the extinction, are introduced in a cascade, an additional auxiliary cascade must be introduced into the stronger path. With this voltage signal on the anode of the lamp cascade, it is to blame but a few times more for the voltage of the signal, as it is fed to the grid of the oncoming lamp (for the induced butt - ten times). However, the need to remove a large voltage signal can lead to the appearance of non-linear effects, equal to those events, as if to introduce a variable cascade of a signal. The tone controls, vikonanі for brukіvkoyu, zastosovuetsya in the tube ULF at 5 W and more, prote can vikoristovuvatysya and in the lower potency.

The timbre controls can be played in the lances of a frequency-reserved negative zv'yazku. A simplified, important scheme of the simplest timbre regulators with a change in depth of the OOS is shown in Fig. 6.

Fig.6. Principal schemes of timbre regulators in Lantsyugs OOS

At the cascade shown in Fig. 6 a, the voltage of the return link is taken from the secondary winding of the outgoing transformer Tr1 and from the resistor R2 is fed into the cathode of the L1 lamp cathode of the first ULF cascade. Resistor R2 in to this particular typeє a support for the advancement of the Lanziug is a return link. The regulation of the level of signals of lower frequencies is controlled by the potentiometer R3, parallel to which the capacitor C2 is turned on. If the motor of the potentiometer R3 is in the left position behind the circuit, then the frequency response is weak at lower frequencies, the reactive opir of the capacitor C2 at frequencies is large, and the voltage of the turning signal is small. When adjusting the timbre with a change in the support of the potentiometer R3 (when the slider is moved to the right), the support of the lancet holder R3C2 for lower sound frequencies changes, the voltage of the negative turning signal increases, and the strength of these frequencies decreases. Adjustment of the level of signals of higher frequencies to the range, which is controlled by the potentiometer R2. At the extreme upper position of the motor potentiometer, the capacitor C1 appears to be connected in parallel with the resistor R1. With this, the cathode of the lamp L1 is supplied with the same voltage of the environmental protection, and the weakening of the power on the audio frequencies becomes the maximum. When you change the motor of the potentiometer R2 down, the voltage of the environmental protection on the cathode of the lamp L1 for high frequencies changes, and the signal level at these frequencies increases.

On fig. 6b shows the principle diagram of a combined tone control, in which one of the room regulators has a stronger lanyard, and the other one has a negative turning bell. In this scheme, for the help of the potentiometer R1, it is possible to change the strength of the signals of the highest frequencies in the given range. The lower frequency timbre control, like the R5 potentiometer victorious, inserts a frequency-deposited negative loop into the lance and functions the same way as a similar regulator in the previously examined scheme.

The principle diagram of a folding combined tone control for a tube ULF is shown in fig. 7.

Fig.7. Schematic diagram of a combined tone control in lance OOS

It is not important to note that in the regulator, the low-frequency regulation circuit is similar to the circuit shown in fig. 3 a. When the shape of the frequency response at the lower frequencies of the range, which is realized, is changed by the auxiliary potentiometer R1. Adjustment of the signal level of the highest frequencies is controlled by the auxiliary potentiometer R8. If the motor of the potentiometer R8 is in the extreme lower position, the voltage of the sound frequencies on the navantage support of the OOS lantern (resistor R4) is small, and the frequency response of these frequencies is small. In the world of moving the motor of the potentiometer R8 uphill, on the distance of the lancet, which is formed from the capacitor C6 and the lower part of the potentiometer R8, for higher sound frequencies increases. Through the war, the voltage of the higher frequencies on the navantage support R4 increases, as it falls stronger. At the same time, the opir changes at the distance of the lance, which is added from the capacitor C5 and the upper part of the potentiometer R8, which also leads to a weakening of strength at higher frequencies in the range that is being created. Thus, at the extreme upper position of the motor of the potentiometer R8, the signal strength of the highest sound frequencies is minimal.

One of the shortcomings looked at earlier RC regulators of the bridge type is the need to compensate for the extinction, which is to be introduced in a cascade, for which an additional subsiluvial cascade must be introduced into the ULF. With this voltage signal on the anode of the lamp cascade, it is to blame, but a few times more for the voltage of the signal, as it is fed to the grid of the offensive lamp. However, the need to remove a large voltage can be brought before the appearance of significant non-linear effects. Vіd zaznachenih nedolіkіv vіlny timbre control with a deep zvorotniy zv'yazkom, the principle scheme of this, zapropovanova in the middle of the last century, is shown in fig. eight.

Fig.8. Schematic diagram of a tone control with a deep turn-key

Tsey tone control є cascade with deep OOS. With the middle positions of the motors of the potentiometers R2 and R5, the frequency response of the regulator is linear, as it is stronger than one unit. The movement of the motor of that third potentiometer changes the depth of the virtuous sound in the lower or higher frequencies, which leads to an increase in force on them. Navіt at the maximum level of the characteristics at the extreme frequencies of the vodvoryuvannogo range of the tone control all the same hooligans dosing with a deep turning sound, the scaling coefficient of the cascade strength (without turning sound) becomes close to 23 dB. The very fact ensures the minimum non-linear creation. Before that, the advantage of such a regulator is the steepness of the frequency characteristics, which may not change during regulation.

A short circuit, induced in fig. 8 є the need to fix the potentiometer with the introduction of the middle point. Therefore, in radio amateur practice, a wide-width nabula tone control circuit has been developed, in which it is possible to set up a variable potentiometer. The schematic diagram of such a regulator is shown in fig. nine.

Fig.9. Schematic diagram of a thorough tone control with a deep turn signal

As it was intended, after a deep negative turnaround, the cascade, which was struck on the lamp L 2, is close to one at the middle frequency of the sound range. If the motors of the lower (potentiometer R2) and high (potentiometer R5) frequencies are in the middle position, the frequency response of the cascade is straight. In the world, the shifting of movements in that chi іnshiy bek changes the depth of the negative salutary link, but, with its own strength, to bring about a change in the strength of the corresponding frequencies.

It is necessary to note that the outer opir of the cascade, which is being looked at, is equal to a small veil of the obviousness of the turning link. This power can be played, if, for example, the front and end pips are placed on different steps, and the tone control is the end cascade of the front piss. In this case, the inclusion of a supplementary capacitance of up to 500 pF (the capacity of a successful screened drone) does not affect the shape of the frequency response of the path. It is necessary to add that the output of the cascade, after switching on the tone control, may be small (about 10 kOhm). Tsya mind wins automatically, like in a cascade wins, for example, a 6H8C lamp triode.

Rich timbre controls that get stuck in tube ULFs, make your own noteworthy features. In such regulators, the signals in the frequency range of the frequency range, after additional filters, are subdivided into warehouses of the next frequency bands, the level of density of which is regulated by the additional power regulators. In single-channel ULFs, stronger signals are formed at the outputs of the regulators, and they go to the advanced subsiluvial cascades; The principle diagram of the simplest two-channel tone control is shown in fig. ten.

Fig.10. Schematic diagram of the simplest two-channel tone control

For this scheme beep for help RC-filters are stored in warehouses of lower and higher frequencies. With this, the signals of the highest frequencies are cascaded, vikonanim on the left behind the circuit of the lamp triode L1, and the signals of the lower frequencies - in a cascade on the right triode of the lamp. Stronger signals are summed up and through the capacitor C4 are fed to the oncoming input to the cascade. The level of signal strength at the skin channel is regulated by potentiometers R3 and R6. In this way, the regulators are stronger, installed in the skin channel, - regulators of higher (R3 potentiometer) and lower (R6 potentiometer) frequencies. Interregulation can be changed by choosing the values ​​of the supports of resistors R4 and R7.

At the timbre regulator, the principle of the scheme of which is shown in fig. 11 signals of the frequency spectrum are divided into three channels. At any warehouse, low frequencies are fed to the grid of the L2 lamp through the capacitor C1 and the potentiometer R3, the middle frequencies through the potentiometer R2, and the highest frequencies through the potentiometer R1. You can change the level of high and low frequencies, as well as the necessary level of warehouse mid frequencies, by selecting supports R4, R5 and R6.

Fig.11. Schematic diagram of the simplest tri-channel tone control

A wide range of regulation of the frequency response ensures the tone control, an important scheme of which is given in fig. 12. Newly added signals are provided with RC filters, and the tone control is controlled by other knobs.

Fig.12. Schematic diagram of a three-channel tone control

Low-frequency warehouses pass through the filter, looping on the elements R4, C6, R6 and C7, which is the difference between the middle frequencies. The level of the signal for which channel is regulated by the potentiometer R3. Potentiometer R2 is a regulator of the level of warehouse mid frequencies, lances of any lower frequency are cut by capacitor C3, and others are shunted by capacitor C5. The regulation of the level of the warehouse frequencies is controlled by the potentiometer R1, which is one hour warehouse filter, viconated on the elements C2, R1, C4, R7. From the output of the filters of the skin channel, the signal is sent to the subsilient cascade, the signal to the okremіy lamp. The anode lances of the lamps are connected through the supports R8, R9 and R10, as they serve to change the mutual flow of the channels.

Rich-channel ULF lamps, in which the path of strengthening the signals of the sound frequency is divided into a sprat of channels, to pay special respect to music lovers high quality votvorennya. Call for such subsidiaries to set the number of channels to two or three channels. In three-channel subsidiaries, the warehouse signals of the lower, middle, and highest frequencies are amplified in four channels. AT dual-channel subsidiaries Warehouse signals of low and middle frequencies sound on one channel, and warehouse signals of high frequencies - on another channel.

The timbre controls, like zastosovuyutsya in rich-channel ULF, can be richly sleepy with rich-channel regulators, based on filters. The main thing is more about the fact that the signals formed at the outputs of the regulators, the signals of seeing the warehouse in the frequency range of the rich-channel ULF do not mix up, but are fed to the inputs of the sub-siluvial paths. So, for example, the principle diagram of the tone control, recognized for work with a two-channel ULF lamp, is shown in Fig. thirteen.

Fig.13. Principal diagram of a tone control for a two-channel tube substation

In this circuit, the low-frequency signal that goes to the input of the regulator through the capacitor C1, is allowed to pass through the R3C5R4C6 split filter to the low-frequency channel filter, and through the split capacitors C2 and C3 there is a small capacity, which represents a great opir for low frequencies, which is added up, given input to the channel, de silyuyutsya warehouses of higher and middle frequencies. In the low-frequency channel after the filter, an additional low-frequency signal level regulator is turned on. The regulation of the strength of the channel is controlled by the potentiometer R6 for changing the support of the frequency fallow dilnik R5, R6, R7, R8, C7 and C8. With the lower position of the motor of the changeable resistor R6, it is driven by the stock low frequencies. Well, the motor of the potentiometer R6 is located at the top of the position diagram, in the region of lower frequencies in the open range, it is driven by.

For robots with a three-channel ULF lamp, you can turn on the tone control, an important diagram of which is shown in fig. 14. It is not important to note that this regulator is practically identical to the regulator, the circuit of which is shown in fig. 12. The only thing that matters is that the signals of the sightings of the warehouses after the strength are not summed up, but are sent to the entrances of the powerful subsidiaries.

Fig.14. Principal diagram of a tone control for a three-channel tube substation

Today is just a divine day for me, everything comes out of the first time.

Let's take a look at the bass and treble tone control circuit at once. Like you already called, I'll write tse zovsіm not smoothly

Axis regulator diagram

Wikoristan details:

Capacitors
C1.5 = 0.022mf
C2.6 = 0.22mf
C3.7 = 0.015mf
C4.8 = 0.15mf

resistors
R1,2,5,6 = 47k
R4, 10 = 3.3k
R7,8,12,13 = 470
R9.11 = 4.7k

Harn circuit viishla, the regulator is good, it does not affect the life block. So you have everything. hi be happy

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The offerings are lower than the price garnoy yakistyu sound and low level of noise, as well as a bypass function (direct frequency response), at the same time, the simplicity of the circuit does not affect radio amateurs. The passive part of the circuit is based on expansion, described by E.J. James in 1948, and the whole attachment is thrown off at once on the Baxandall robot of 1952 rock :) 'Idenu' (At this controller, the amplitude drops five times or -13dB!) with a tone block. Analyzing widely in the presence of any kind of radioamator Dzherel (in which case there is a historical inaccuracy), it was decided to experiment with the phrase:

It's a pity, the real frequency response graphs were never taken, so we will induce the result of the simulation in the Tone Stack Calculator program. qia scheme primіtna vikoristannyam R5-R6, yakі zabezpechuyut vozhchy pyom frequencies, not sticking out the middle. There are no such resistors in E.J. James "a, so the simulation will be possible without them :)

But I wanted more: even more bass and especially treble, so move with a margin, if you want everything to be different in your mood. Vіrnіshe not to your taste, but to your acoustics :). For example, for the purpose of operating the products of the Berdsk radio factory VEGA 50AS-106, the regulation of the low frequencies of the timbre block in RRR UP-001 was not suitable, the oscillators raised the upper bass area (200-250 Hz, it’s important to call it bass, shvidshe). However, on the acoustic systems of the small radio factory Radiotehnika RRR S50b, it was possible to achieve a pleasant sound quality. Хоча все це вважається пустощом, оскільки коригує лише враження від прослуховування, коригування АЧХ колонок і, якщо підсилювач ущербний, проводять іншими схемотехнічними дослідженнями, наприклад параметричними еквалайзерами з регулюваннями не тільки за посиленням, але і з можливістю переміщення частоти і добротності, що піднімається. But then we didn’t try to fix the flaws of expensive acoustics?

+6 dB at the same time at the main low frequency, +5 dB at the high one. Decline of -3 dB in the sphere of medium frequencies is worse than the increase in the strength of the op-amp. I know, it's become a trifle amused. In the scheme, by turning the regulators, it is important to reach the equal frequency response (it’s not possible to reach it, otherwise), it’s necessary to add attachments, which mimics the timbral block. Tse mozhe vyyavitisym korisnim when ekspluatatsii z your pіdsilyuvachem more "slipped" equalizer. Let's just mute the input and output of the passive part or the entire timbral block (in the first mode, the capacitor C3 flickers and, as a result, the tops fall, in the other - the regulation of the HF and LF is taken care of, though in small boundaries) can not be done here. Therefore, it is possible to install elementary commutation on a relay with changeover contacts (type RES-9, RGK-14 only).

Varto touches on the theme of capacitors in the block of timbres. Behind his subjective confirmation of the exploitation of the famous librarian Shmelov, at the design of which he zastosovuvav nezaslyuyuchisya ceramics of imported manufacturing, wide-spread in stores, the sound signal of the presence of harmonics, which was heard by ear. Perhaps, in a blind test of the timbre block with other capacitors, I wouldn’t mention it, but in the meantime it was clearly remembered. In this design, vikoristovuvaty switch-on capacitors on a paper basis. Obviously, here I can’t describe the number of imported capacitors for hundreds of dollars, but it seems like it’s rich :). From the accumulated reserves, capacitors of the BMT-2, BM-2 and MBM series were kept.

Later, when victorious data of capacitors, first, it is necessary to work, to reduce the capacity and look at the outrageous damage (especially for BMT-2). There are about a dozen different capacitors in the MBM series, 90% less than the nominal capacity shift by 40-50%, which is twice as much for their tolerance. Vymir єmnosti allows you to choose condensers in a bet for 2 channels to ensure symmetrical regulation. The first inclusion and the verdict - definitely better than Chinese ceramics. On my own, I didn’t get far enough to see the paper capacitor at the HF Lancer, having stopped the capacitor of the KTK series, widely victorious in tube televisions and other equipment. Before that, the capacitor may have good thermal stability. The linings of the zі srіbla did not appear on the sound :) (wishing to add more baggage to know about the capacitor, the sound gradually became smaller and ... :)). Graphs, how far away you can see:

Regulators turned to maximum:

Regulators turned to minimum:

I’ll add a scheme, what wiishov:

Characteristics of this timbre block:

• Harmonic coefficient, %: more than 0.02.
• Adjustment range, most of the time: LF + -16 dB, HF + -17 dB.
• Input signal: ~1V.

Indicators of CG, signal/noise lie in the presence of a jammed OS. Vybіr falling on TL072, (tse op-amps of the firm ST) through its cheapness and breadth. Kindly fit in here and so the operators, like NE5532, NJM4558, LM358. You can experiment with single op amps (with a far reworking of the PP) TL071, NE5534, KR544UD1,2, K157UD2 (with correction lances) too thin. With paper capacitors and the op amp in the golden case, why is it not a rarity? For quick replacement of the microcircuit (as if the other op amp was given priority), it is recommended to install the DIP-8 socket on the front side.

For the livelihood of the active part, I will add a parametric voltage stabilizer on two shoulders + - without victoria, whether there are any auxiliary elements, shards in this scheme, the main stream is lower than the nominal stream of the stabilizer diodes. To smooth out excess ripples, called out by ripples to the UMZCH live block, the circuit has two electrics. The capacity is small for low inertia security. Such a small set gives a low rating to the background for the hour of operation of the annex.

Zrozumіlo, for the security of the minimum equal to the background of which is not enough. Change the background can help grounding the case in the change of resistors. Deyakі groupi regulіvіv moyut okremia vysnovok (for example SP3-33-23). At my order, there were wide-width B-group resistors (the stench is not suitable for balancing the balance), I grounded the case of these after sanding. Sounds ground to one point (low frequency control housing), sending the sounds to the ground to the UMZCH live unit. I'll attach a photo and a handy board:

Rozmir pay 140x60 mm, here you can download the file in the format .lay. I wish you success in repetition! .

Discuss the article TEMBRO

Growing interest in the remaining fates to high-pitched sound creation, having appeared in the press, articles devoted to the construction of various monophonic and stereophonic subwoofers have appeared. Some of the most positive features of the designations of the outbuildings in most of them may be one blazing little - a small (about 12 dB) depth of regulation of the timbre of the highest and especially lower sound frequencies. Vuzol timbre control of these subsidiaries should sound behind the RC-bridge circuit and include between the front and end blocks of the subsilyuvach. With such a prompt scheme, the front ventilator needs more power and the signal amplitude at the output is large, which leads to an increase in non-linear effects and a decrease in other parameters of the primal ventilator.

In some cases, the timbre is controlled by the lancet of the main parallel or the sequential negative turn of the single-cascade podsiluvach. However, in such a cascade, with a maximum increase in strength, a negative turning point is practically daily, which is also a contraceptive of high-level indicators of the subsidence.

In the article, which is published below, a description of a ten-watt power supply is shown to the reader's respect, which is made up of the frontal coryguval and final power blocks. In the new high and low sound frequencies, the sound frequencies are more pronounced 20 and 24 dB and are heard in the lances of the high-pitched whirlwind of the front podsiluvach. At the same depth of the scorching negative inverted sound, the sound becomes practically constant in the entire range of timbre control and becomes 26 dB.

The reduction in strength at the extreme frequencies of the operating range is ensured by RL- and RC-filters, which are included between the power supply blocks. At the same time, there is an insignificant change (by 6-8 dB) in the depth of the deadly turning signal at the edges of the working frequency range, less than the maximum weakening of the strength.

To control the timbre at the lower and highest audio frequencies, widely available resistors SP-1-A or SP-11-A are used with a small rework, which can be easily beaten by radioamators. The reason for such a transformation and variation of the spring power of the current contact is also the possibility of precise installation of change resistors in the middle position, which shows a flat frequency response of the transmission coefficient of the power supply.

Zastosovan at the proponation of uvazi chitachіv pіdsilyuvаchі gliboke timbre regulation maє znachnі prevagi before other other types of regulation. It will ensure the minimum non-linear creation, little noise, high stability, steel of the external support and help to stop any special entries from the safety of the stability of the robot and the pilot.

The frequency characteristics of the tone controls are shown in fig. 1. The strong lines show the characteristics that are taken away in the low frequency region when the sound frequency tone control motor is set to the middle position, and in the high frequency region when the bass sound frequency tone control motor is set to the middle position. Dotted line shows frequency characteristics, canceled when setting the tone control motors to their extreme positions (or lowering the power). 3 fig. 1 it can be seen that the increase in strength at a frequency of 100 Hz becomes 16 dB, and at a frequency of 20 Hz - 24 dB.

Rice. 1. Frequency characteristics of timbre regulators.

The increase in strength at a frequency of 10 kHz is more than 16 dB, and at a frequency of 20 kHz - 20 dB. The maximum curved output pressure of the power supply is 10 W at an input pressure of 250 mV. The range of operating frequencies is 20-20000 Hz with an uneven frequency response less than ±0.3 dB. Non-linear effects in the frequency range of 100-8000 Hz do not exceed 1.2%. Input opir 100-150 kOhm in the fallow position depending on the position of the power regulator motor. Output Opir 0.1 Ohm. The noise level is close - 80 dB.

The principle scheme of the pidsiluvach is shown in fig. 2. The forward support of the pick-up on high-frequency transistors T1-T3, which ensures the steel value of the input support and the depth of the central turning signal in the entire range of operating frequencies.

Rice. 2. Principal scheme of the pidsiluvach.

With different alloyed transistors, for example P28, in case of using MP41A transistors, the steel of the parameters is not guaranteed through a decrease in the gain coefficient of the struma at frequencies higher than 7-10 kHz.

All three transistors of the front switch are switched on behind the circuit with a non-intermediate connection between cascades and fired by deep masses and deep turning connections fast strum. The turn signal, created by resistors R2 and R3, stabilizes the modes of operation of transistors T1-T3 on the stream, and the turn signal, made by resistor R9, we turn on the collector of the transistor T3 and the emitter of the transistor T2, stabilizing the potential of the collector of the transistor T3. Designated zvorotnі zv'yazyki allow vikoristovuvat in the front switch transistors with rozkidom coeffіtsієnі struma vіd 20 to 200, zabezpechayuchi high stability modes of their work when changing temperature dovkilla vіd – 20 °С to +50 °С. The lance of the swivel link along the steady stream, is created by the resistor R9, it is victorious and in the lance of the swivel link of the strum. On the right, in the fact that through the resistor R9 a part of the output stream flows through, which is connected to the resistor R6, included in the emitter of the transistor T2, the voltage of the negative turning signal is changed. Zastosovaniya here zagalny zvorotny zv'azok may one more crown power: for the help of the resistor R6 included in the lance, it is possible in wide ranges to regulate the coefficient of strength of the power supply for the voltage, filling the practically immutable depth of the scorching whirlwind. The very power and victoriousness for the promotion of strength at higher and lower frequencies of the operating range.

The persistence of the depth of a global negative reversal when changing the coefficient of strength of a subsidyuvach with a reversal sling can be explained as follows.

Resistor R6 of the lancet of the emitter of the transistor T2 is an element of the mass negative link. At the same time, there are inclusions in the lance of a negative sever ligament, so that a part of the vent struma flows through the lance R9-R6. When the support of the emitter of the emitter of the transistor T2 is lowered, after the resistor R6 is shunted by the lance of R7-1L1C5 or R8-] C6, the coefficient of transmission of the lance of the language of the incandescent zv'yazku changes. At the same time, the coefficient of strength of the cascade on the T2 transistors is proportionally increased through a decrease in the depth of the mass aftermath of the turning signal.

Vіdomo, scho z dosit great negative zvorotniy zv'yazok glibin її drіvnyuє kofefіtsієnt transfer і lantsyug zagalnoї zvorotny zvorotny zv'yazok koefіtsієnt pіdsilyuvacha without zagalnoї zvorotny zv'yazok. Так як при зменшенні опору в ланцюзі емітера транзистора Т2 ці коефіцієнти змінюються у зворотному пропорційній залежності, їх твір, а отже, і глибина загального негативного зворотного зв'язку залишатимуться незмінними, а коефіцієнт посилення підсилювача зі зворотним зв'язком буде збільшуватися за рахунок зміни глибини mistsevogo zvorotnoy zv'yazku . When the support in the lance of the T2 emitter is increased, the higher coefficients will also change in the turn-out fallow, after which the depth of the turn-over turn will again become permanent.

Experimental re-verification of the power supply has shown that, by adjusting the pilot of the emitter of the transistor T2, it is possible to change the strength coefficient of the power supply by 20 and more times. When tsimu glibina zagalnogo zvorotnogo zv'yazyku zmіnyuetsya less than 20-30%.

The power increase at the highest frequencies is reached by the additional capacitor C6, connected in parallel to the resistor R6 through the change resistor R8-1. With an increase in the frequency of the mnistny opir of the capacitor C6, it changes and with an increase in the introduced resistor R8-1, the resistor R6 is shunted all over the world. With this, a gain increase of 6 dB per octave is achieved in the frequency range from 1.3 to 16 kHz. When moving the motor of the changeable resistor R8 from the rack R8-2, the strength decreases at the highest frequencies. When R8-2 = 0, capacitor C6 together with resistor R14 establishes an R-filter of low frequencies, switching on at the output of the front switch. With the increase in the support of the resistor R8-2-1 on the rack R8-2, the strength at the highest frequencies is increased.

The increase and decrease in the strength of the low-frequency region is reached for the additional sequential resonant circuit L1C5 with a quality factor Q ≈ 1, adjusted to a frequency of 20 - 30 Hz. It is necessary to be strong enough in that case, as the motor of the changeable resistor is located on the distance R7-1 of the resistor R7, and the reduction is on the distance R7-2 of the same resistor. With R7-2-0, resistor R14 and coil L1 establish a high-pass filter.

Необхідно відзначити, що при такому способі регулювання посилення на вищих і нижчих звукових частотах вихідний опір попереднього підсилювача практично не змінюється у всьому робочому діапазоні і не залежить від величини підйому посилення на краях діапазону, що важливо для узгодження попереднього підсилювача НЧ з кінцевим, однак, оскільки the value of the input support of the transistor T2 changes at lower and higher frequencies in proportion to the magnitude of the lower strength, to save power in the entire operating frequency range, the base of the transistor happened to be connected to the output of the emitter repeater, selected on the transistor T1. Transistors T1 and T2 are connected behind the folded transistor circuit. The input opir of the emitter repeater is close to 300-500 kOhm.

Kіntsevy pіdsilyuvach avenge chotiri cascades pіdsilennya. The first and other cascades (transistors T4 and T5 are positive) work in the power-up mode, and the third and fourth stages (transistors T6-T9) work in the power-up mode.

The circuit of the end block of the LF power supply can be valid for the standard circuit of the transformerless LF power supply. Through the introduction of a larger deep negative swivel link through the strum, it was possible to introduce capacitors SP, C14 and C15 into the power supply, for the help of which the robot's first step is taken care of beyond the boundaries of the high-frequency part of the working range.

To obtain the maximum possible efficiency. podsilyuvacha at one voltage zherel zhivlennya lansyug emitter of the transistor T5 daily opir mastsevoy sledovnoy zv'yazku.

To stabilize the stream of quiet transistors T6 - T8, the collector of the transistor T5 has two successively connected diodes: silicon and germanium. The diagram shows one diode D1. Nebkhіdno, schob tsі diodimal thermal contact іz radiators of the transistor T8 or T9. The functions of the silicon diode switch between the collector-base transistors KT315A (you can use other silicon transistors, for example MP116, MP113). Like a germanium jamming diode DZPA, it can also be replaced by a fusible transistor. If you need more accurate fitting of a stream of quiet transistors T6-T9, the germanium diode can be shunted with a resistor with a support for hundreds of thousands. In the final cascade of the power switch, there are low-voltage silicon transistors KT801B, which significantly facilitate the operation of the front-end transistors T6 and T7, the shards can achieve a great coefficient of strength in the stream St = 10-30 with a stream of calm 20-50 mA. Transistors KT805, or analogous to them, stop shortly, so that with a stream of up to 100 mA, the stench may be st = 2-3, which means a significant stream of the collector 20-40 mA from the front-end transistors, and it is true only in the lower voltage - 30 W.

With the pressure of life 27 Opir of the sound coil of the guchnomovtsya can be increased to 6 ohms. With a change or an increase in the support for removing the exhaust pressure of 10 W, the voltage of the lifeline is to blame, but it is obviously changed. However, the increase is more than 30-33 In an underestimated amount, the chips are stuck in the subsidiaries at the price of not being insured. The booster works well with a decrease in voltage of 16-20 V, inducing a voltage of 4-7 W.

The living block is composed of a step-down transformer Tpl, which is rectified on diodes D4-D7 and a voltage stabilizer, selected on transistors T10-T13 and a compensation circuit from a short circuit in the voltage.

Rice. 3. The design of the converted resistor: 1 - part of the wire ball, which is missing; 2 - dilyanki with a distant conducting ball; 3 - virіz at pіdkovі z getinaksu, on the yak of applying a conductive ball; 4 and 6 - pellets, connected with the ends of a wire ball; 5 - paddle, connected with forged contact

Details. Resistors MLT-0.125 or ULM-0.125 are used in subsiluvachs. Capacitors - MBM, BM-2 and K50-6. The L1 coil is wound on a single-section frame, placed in the OB-20 core, with a ferrite of 2000 NM, a gap of 0.15-0.2. Winding to cover 1500 turns of wire PEV-1 0.1. Opir coil for a constant jet 100-120 Ohm, inductance 0.8-1.3 G.

Replacing resistors R7-1, R7-2 and R8-1, R8-2 are prepared according to the sketch shown in fig. 3 replacement resistors SP-1-A or SP-P-A with a support of 2.4 to 3.3 kOhm. When reworking with resistors, a shield is used and all with a forged contact. Pelyustki 4 and 6 (Fig. 3) are connected to an ohmmeter. With a gostrial knife, the edges of the wire ball are cut so that at the middle part of the veins it becomes already and evenly expanded to the ends (it is not possible to see the wire ball, which collapses the forged contact). In this way, the opir of the changeable resistor can be increased. Then, with a dry emery paper, mend a part of the wire ball in the middle in the outer sides at the tail up to 100 ° -110 ° (200 ° -220 ° in total) so that the wire ball in the middle part is erased more, lower at the edges. Sliding forward until the process of erasing the torso of the ball, which was over, evenly changed in the middle to the middle, and there were no sharp cuts to change the support when the kovzny contact was moved. In this case, the gain in decibels will be approximately proportional to the turn of the change resistor motor.

Pryuchi conductive ball, following the needle of an ohmmeter, following the needle of an ohmmeter, as if swaying at the great pillars. In addition, as an ohmmeter shows an opir of 8-9 kOhm, it is necessary to pin it as far as possible in the middle part of the pedestal from the getinax, on the way of applying the ball, to carry out, vyrazat the transverse groove 3 (div. Fig. 3) with a width of 3-4 mm and a depth up to 0.5-1 mm, rozrіzavshi on two electrically insulated parts of the wire ball. Then all the forged contact is installed on the plate and, wrapping it, they change, so that the forged contact is fixed in the middle position when the spring hits the groove. Yakshcho tsya fixation is not enough reading, the groove is next to be destroyed. Then we establish a forged contact at the middle position and through the wire connect an ohmmeter to contacts 5, 6 and 5, 4 (Fig. 3), revise the opir between them. Tsey opir may add inconsistencies.

Dali connect an ohmmeter to contacts 5, 6 of the change resistor, and a forged contact from the middle position is connected to the cob of a wired ball connected to contact 6. With this, the arrow of the ohmmeter is to show the opir close to 3 com.

Tsya plot supports the resistor R7-1. Let's connect the ohmmeter with contacts 5, 4, transfer the current contact from the middle position to the cob of the wire ball, connected with contact 4, switch the opir tsієї delyanki i, erasing the wire ball with a dry emery paper, lead to the recommendation, plots up to 10 rooms D_lyanka support, z'ednany z contact 4, v_dpov_daє resistor R7-2. Resistors R8-1 and R8-2 are prepared in a similar order.

The power transformer Tr-1 can be viconated on any core with an internal core of not less than 6 cm2, for example, Sh20X30. Winding I is 1270 turns of wire PEV 0.27, winding II - 930 turns of wire PEV 0.2 n winding III - 270 turns of wire PEV 0.8-0.9.

Nalagodzhennya. The salary of the pіdsilyuvach is repaired from the recheck of the vipryamlyach. Voltage 27 at the output of the stabilizer is installed with a change resistor R27. Then the ammeter with a boundary of 1.5-2 A is turned on for the output of the stabilizer and it is switched without a jet with a short flicker of the output of the stabilizer with an ammeter.

Before switching on the terminal block of the switch, the equivalent of the bias is switched on to the new one and the diode D1 flashes briefly. Resistor R20 is used to set a voltage of 12.5-13 on the collector of transistor T5. Let's pick up the diode D1 so that the strum, which is controlled by the signal (if the signal is present at the input) from 4-5 mA to 40-50 mA.

The operation mode of the transistor T4 is installed with a resistor R15 (div. table of transistor modes). Dali reverify the frequency of self-excitation of the booster beyond the boundaries of the high-frequency line of the operating range i, as it may be, by 20-50% increase the capacity of capacitors C1, C14 and C15. With an output pressure of 10 W, the strum, which is energized by the power supply, is responsible for becoming 0.6 A, and the voltage at the input of the end block is -1.5-1.8 V.

The input block of the bass booster works as soon as it is turned on. As the inductance is large, the capacitance of the capacitor C5 should change to 50 microfarads. In series with the resistor R8-1, add a resistor with a support of 100 ohms.

The descriptions are good for the stereophonic version.

The tone controls can be paired with a mechanical path, or you can plug the steps of the controls behind additional switches.

In this case, at a small depth, the frequency characteristics can be taken away with a maximum at frequencies of 20-30 Hz and 15-20 kHz. When koruguvalni lances are connected to part of the resistor R6.

Listen to how it sounds like class D on the IRS2092. After the unfortunate
Poshukіv on Ali, the spell was broken. For the sake of the interest “how it sounds like it” for the new bov and the timbre block.
Oscilki pіdsilyuvach shche in dorozі, and timbral block vzhe priyshov, then virіshiv.
zrobiti looking around for the time being at the new one. As soon as the pidsiluvach comes, I look around and look at
new іz vimirami.
The payment came in an envelope with puhirt. The kit includes the circuit itself
Chotiri knobs on resistors. Flux veze vіdmito soldering more less
neat. Divorce pay average. Regulators in the photo - zlіva to the right - HF, MF, LF, Guchnist.

OP NE5532P is installed on the board


Also, on the plate of roztashovanі lancets of stabilization of life (L7812 and L7912) that vipryamlyach.
It is possible to supply a change of voltage from the transformer for living
pay.
The principle diagram of the regulator is similar to qiu


The ratings of the current resistors and the number of days of the current ones are changed
capacitors.

Now nagolovnіshe - tests.
Testing on my card

Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium PRO with a small fee - I will be responsible for shielding the back panel of the other board, replacing the output op-amp with OPA2134, all the life capacitors are shunted with ceramics.
AFC (with erysipelas color - from the entrance to the exit min timbral block, blue color
- through the tone block - all tone controls in the middle position)


You can see a small peak at low frequencies (below 200 Hz) and a blockage at
high (higher than 6kHz)
Bass controls at extreme positions


Midrange controls at extreme positions


Treble controls at extreme positions

KND "THD", the right channel goes through the tone block for matching (from the output of the card to
input), KHI to the tone block 0.016%, I would like it to be less loudly. Having tried to put OPA2134 in place of other op amps, the trochs decreased slightly, but for everything through the wrong payment.


The influence of the KND in the frequency (the right channel, passing through the tone
erysipelas color on graphics)


The tone block does not invert the phase of the signal (the right channel goes through the tone block,
erysipelas color on graphics)

To finish the middle block for the yakistyu, for home-made virobiv pіde yakshko vlashtovuє KNI.
I’m unlikely to put in planning the strength I’ll be through the temples
harmony creations. I'm raising the board myself, and I'm choosing a tone block.
I agree, the information was correct.