What does interpolation camera mean? What is the interpolation of the camera in the telephone and what is it for? An example of changing the size of the image

The interpolation of the camera is the only way to increase the size of the image space. The image itself, and not the expansion of the matrix. Tobto tse special software security, zavdyaky znіmok z razdіlnoyu zdatnіstu 8 MP interpoluetsya up to 13 MP or more (or less). To draw an analogy, then the interpolation of the camera is similar to the larger scale or binoculars. Tsі pristroї zbіlshüt izobrazhennya, but not shy yogo yakіsnіshim or detalіzovanim. Since interpolation is indicated in the characteristics before the phone, then the actual separation of the building of the camera may be lower than the declared one. It’s not bad, it’s not good, it’s just є.

Interpolation was invented to improve the image roaming, no more. At the same time, with the help of marketers and recruiters, they try to sell the product. Stink with great numbers indicate on the advertising poster the distribution of the camera to the phone and position it as if it is good. Not only that, on its own, it does not contribute to the quality of the photographs, but it can also be interpolated.

Literally 3-4 years ago, a lot of virobniks were chasing a bunch of megapixels and different ways scammed into their smart phones sensors in a larger number. This is how smartphones with cameras with 5, 8, 12, 15, 21 MP cameras were announced. Photographing the stench with whom could be found as if they had found a mill, but the buyers, having put on the sticker "Camera at 18 MP", immediately wanted to buy such a phone. With the advent of interpolation, it has become easier to sell such smartphones through the ability to add a megapixel camera individually. Obviously, the quality of the photo began to grow over time, but not exactly through interpolation, but through natural progress in the plan for developing sensors and software.

How is the interpolation of a camera in a telephone technically, even if the whole text is more describing the main idea?

For the help of special software, new pixels are "painted" on the images. For example, to increase the image twice after the skin row of image pixels, a new row is added. The skin pixel of this new row will be filled with color. The fill color is developed by a special algorithm. The best way is to fill in a new row with squares, so that the nearest pixels can be found. The result of such a processing will be stingy, but a similar method will require a minimum of counting operations.

The most victorious method is the other one. So new rows of pixels are added to the final image. The leather pixel is filled with color, which, with its blackness, is calculated as the average value of the substantive pixels. Which way is given best results ale wimagai more counting operations. Thank goodness mobile processors shvidki, and practically koristuvach do not mark, like a program for editing an image, trying to make a piece of yogo rozmіr. Smartphone camera interpolation There are a lot of advanced methods and algorithms for interpolation, which are constantly improved: to improve between the transitions between colors, the lines become more accurate and clear. It does not matter, as all algorithms have been inspired. The very idea of ​​camera interpolation is banal and unlikely to take root in the next hour. For additional interpolation, it is impossible to add more detail to the image, to add new details, or to improve it with some kind of rank. Only in the films a small picture is spread out, after the overlay of the filters becomes clear. In practice, this is not possible.
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The smartphone has an 8 MPix camera. What does interpolation up to 13 MPix mean?

Have a nice day.

This means that your smartphone will resize a photo/image taken with an 8 MPix camera to 13 MPix. And to fight for the help of the fact that the real pixels are being developed and the addendums are being inserted.

Ale, as if to improve the quality of the image / photograph, broken down to 13 MP and 8 MP with interpolation up to 13, then the brightness of the other will be marked higher.

Just to explain in a simple way, then before the active pixels of the matrix, the smart processor, when the photo is combined, adds its own pixels, as if the image is cleared and the house is up to 13 MP. Yakіst vіd tsego pokraschuєtsya not necessary.

This means that the camera can take pictures up to 8 MPIX, but it can programmatically take pictures up to 12 MPIX. It means that it is programmatically increased, but if the image does not become ok, the image will still be on 8 MPIX. This is purely a pick-me-up and cost such smartphones more expensive.

So you understand that your camera will be attached so that the photo is 8 MPIX, but it’s also possible to increase it to 13 MPIX in software. With this, the yakіst does not become more beautiful. Just the space between pixels clogs the axis i nd.

Tse means what your camera has, like 8 MPIX, it’s so empty - no more and no less, but everything else is a marketing hіd, scientifically fooling the people, to sell goods more expensively and not more. This function is useless, with interpolation the quality of the photo is lost.

On the Chinese smartphones It’s not easy to fix it all at once, just the camera sensor at 13MP is more expensive, lower by 8MP, then set to 8MP, but the camera’s add-on expands the picture, as a result, the brightness of the 13MP will be more pronounced, as it is allowed to be in the original.

In my opinion, the function has gone up to nothing, the oscillators and 8mp are enough for a smartphone, in principle 3mp is faster, a smut, so the camera itself was sour.

The interpolation of the camera, using the pick-up, so piece by piece depends on the price of the smartphone.

If you have an 8 MPIX camera, then the image may not work, the interpolation will not improve the quality of the photo image, it will simply increase the size of the photo image to 13 megapixels.

Right in that real camera such phones have 8 megapixels. Hello for help internal programs images are expanded up to 13 megapixels. In fact, it does not reach the real 13 megapixels.

Interpolation of megapixels - all programmatically smudging images. Real pixels are drawn and inserted between them, adding, with the color of the average value, as well as the colors of the roses. Nіsenіtnitsa, no one needs self-deception. Yakist will not improve.

• Interpolation - the only way to calculate intermediate values

  If you want to shift everything more humanly, zastosovno to your nutrition, then we will see this:

  • The software can process (enlarge, expand) files up to 13 MPIX.

Up to 13 MPix or maybe 8 MPix real ones, like yours. Abo 5 MPix real. The software of the camera interpolates the graphic product of the camera up to 13 MPix, not improving the image, but electronically enlarging it. Just seeming, like bіlshuvalne sklo chi binoculars. Yakіst does not change.

Main characteristics

matrix

Type
The matrix installed on the webcam can be of two types: CCD and CMOS.
Traditionally, it is important that CCD provides more high quality image, I cut the color transfer, less noise. However, the versatility of such a matrix is ​​significantly superior to matrices of another type.
The CMOS-matrix is ​​being developed using the technology traditional for integrated circuits, which is cheaper. It should be noted that modern CMOS sensors have practically overtaken their CCD brothers for image clarity.

Number of megapixels
vіd 0.1 to 16
Chim Great number light-sensitive elements (pixels, eng. pixels) are shaded on the matrix of the webcam, more precisely, that more detailed image can be taken.
The simplest models of webcams have a matrix of 0.1 million pixels, which allows you to take images from a separate building 352x288. Such a camera can only be used for communication via the Internet.
Cameras with a 0.3-megapixel matrix of the building image 640 × 480 pixels. The picture when spilkuvanni via the Internet will be richly laced. Crimea videoconferencing, such a camera can be used to capture small video clips.
Cameras with retail buildings 1.3-2 million pixels. you can also win like a camera and take photographs from a decent building.

Glibina color
id 10 to 32 bit
The more distributions of victories are to be transferred to the color, the more visualizations the camera can display.
Cameras with deep color 24 bits (8 bits per skin color) can potentially protect high quality color transfer. However, other parameters are added to the overall brightness of the picture: the power of the camera lens, the photosensitive matrix and the other.
For some models of webcams, the virobniks claim to support a 32-bit color.

Expansion

Dozvil (video)
The higher the maximum size of the webcam matrix in video capture mode, the more accurate and detailed images can be captured. Diverse building - a number of points, from which the image is formed horizontally and vertically.
Tim, who plans to win a webcam only for video conferencing over the Internet, will go as the simplest model with a large building 352x288, as well as modifications with a larger building 640x480.
In the midst of today's cameras, there are also models with even greater permission. You can vicariously record video at home.

Dozvil (photo)
Under the different buildings, there are a number of points, from which the image is formed horizontally and vertically. The more different the size of the webcam in photo shooting mode, the more accurate that detailed image can be captured.
If you are planning to win a webcam in photo mode, to show respect on a model with a separate building 1280x1024 and 1600x1200.
Webcam photocall is often due to the її razdіlnu zdatnіnі vіdіvі video transmission mode.

Interpolation allowed (video)
The higher the maximum size of the webcam in video capture mode, the more accurate and detailed images can be captured. Diverse building - a number of points, from which the image is formed horizontally and vertically.

Interpolation allowed (photo)
The higher the maximum size of the webcam in the photo capture mode, the more accurate that detailed image can be captured. Diverse building - a number of points, from which the image is formed horizontally and vertically.
Interpolated (chi piece zbіlshene) allowed to enter the software path with additional mathematical algorithms. In this case, the number of details in the image remains unchanged. The images with interpolated razdilnoyu zdatnistyu sound like a little more beautiful, lower than the original, but seriously set to a large value of the parameter is not varto.

Interpolation of distribution of buildings in megapixels (photo)
vid 1.2 up to 20 MPix
In some cases, the scribes do not allow vertical and horizontal, but the number of pixels, from which a matrix is ​​formed with such permission.

Frame rate

Maximum
vіd 9 to 90 Hz
Maximum frequency frames in the video mode determines the quality of the video broadcast. With a large change of frames, the image update is not enough often and the objects on the screen move in rows.
At a frequency of 15 frames / s on the screen, the Russians even remember; at a frequency of 30 frames / s, the speed becomes smooth.
The frame rate of a rich video can be stored depending on the video that is being transmitted. For example, with a 352x288 split screen, the webcam can create a video stream with a frame rate of 30 Hz, while with a 640x480 split screen, the frame rate changes to 15 Hz.
It should be noted that the quality of the image that is transmitted via the Internet, lie not only in the view of the webcam itself, but also in the quality of the reliability of the meshwork.

For 352x288
vіd 15 to 60 Hz
The maximum frame rate for the video mode with a separate building is 352x288 (Report div. "Maximum frame rate").

For 640x480
vіd 15 to 60 Hz
The maximum frame rate for the video mode with a separate building is 640x480 (Report div. "Maximum frame rate").

For 1280x720
vіd 8 to 90 Hz
The maximum frame rate for the video mode with a separate building is 1280x720 (Report div. "Maximum frame rate").

For 1280x1024
vіd 6 to 30 Hz
The maximum frame rate for the video mode with a separate building is 1280x1024 (Report div. "Maximum frame rate").

For 1600x1200
vіd 5 to 30 Hz
The maximum frame rate for the video mode with a separate building is 1600x1200 (Report div. "Maximum frame rate").

For 1920x1080
vіd 5 to 60 Hz
The maximum frame rate for the video mode with a separate building is 1920x1080 (Report div. "Maximum frame rate").

Focusing

Automatic
A webcam with autofocus allows you to capture the invariably clear and focused image. For example, as soon as an hour of communication through the Internet, a person suddenly appears in the camera and looks out of the sharpness zone, then the autofocus itself changes the optical system, and the image will be sharp again. Be careful that such a function is most often not possible for the simplest models of webcams.

Manual
In order to take a sharper view of the image, some webcam models are equipped with a manual focus function. The best models for this have a ring on the camera lens. With "sliding" cameras, focusing can be adjusted without interruption in the program, like a robot outbuildings. Such models often have the function of automatic focusing (div. "Automatic focusing"), with which manual focusing is achieved at the peaks, if the automation cannot reach the set goals.

Zoom

optical
vіd 4 to 10x
Some models of webcams may have a lens with a changeable focal length.
The change in the magnitude of the focal length should be brought to a visual approximation or a distance from the object of the capture. The optical zoom ratio shows how many times the lens can change the zoom scale. The higher the number, the more opportunities the operator has, which is supported by a webcam.

Digital
vіd 2 to 10x
Some models of webcams have a digital zoom function, which allows you to enlarge the image, which is equivalent to getting closer to the object of capture.
Digital image enhancement is programmed to help improve the size of the image pixel. With the great diversity of the matrix, it is possible to work without a significant increase in the brightness of the image.
The scaling factor shows how many times the lens can change the zoom scale.

Kuti look around that wrapper

Kut look around the lens
vіd 42 to 180 degrees
When I look around the lens of the webcam, it shows that I have some time to spend at the frame. Vіn lie down in the size of the photosensitive matrix and parameters of the camera lens.
A wide-angle lens (with a 70-90 degree view) allows you to take in more objects without the sharpness of the image.

Kut Nahilu
vіd 25 to 270 degrees

Kut nakhily uphill
vіd 15 to 60 degrees
The design of many models conveys the ability to shoot the camera, which allows you to quickly redirect the lens from the required direct. The greater the kut of the sickly, the tim is better to practice with the camera.

Kut sickly down
vіd 15 to 90 degrees
The design of many models conveys the ability to shoot the camera, which allows you to quickly redirect the lens from the required direct. The greater the kut of the sickly, the tim is better to practice with the camera.

Cut horizontally
vіd 55 to 360 degrees
The design of many models transfers the possibility of wrapping the camera at a horizontal plane with a standing position of the stand. The webcams can be rotated along the vertical axis by 360 degrees. What is the biggest cut to the turn, tim comfortable work with a camera.

Functionality

Connection
To connect a webcam to a computer, a USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 interface is required.
For USB 1.1, the maximum speed of data transmission is less than 12 Mb/s, so it is necessary to reduce the speed of transmission of video 640x480 pixels up to 15 frames per second. USB 1.1 can be used with the simplest webcam models.
USB 2.0 provides a secure transmission rate of 480 Mb/s, which does not impose any significant restrictions on the quality of the video image. For example, it is possible to transmit video in 640x480 pixels with speed of 30 frames per second.

WiFi
Support by webcam Wi-Fi connection, zavdyaki koristuvach can translate the video dartless mesh on a tablet, smartphone or computer, conduct an online broadcast and use a web-camera with an attachment that is connected.

Microphone
Depending on the model, the webcam may have a microphone, or a microphone, which will work fine. For some of the simplest models, the microphone can be used daily.
For the presence of a built-in microphone on the webcam, the signal is transmitted via USB interface at the same time with a video signal, in such a rank, the auxiliary cable needs to fall. The sensitivity setting of the microphone is controlled by additional programs, like a webcam robot.
In some cases, the webcam cannot have a built-in microphone, but it will be supplied in the kit. The main disadvantage of such a microphone is those that need to be connected to a standard rose sound card computer. Some cameras are not equipped with a microphone, but with a headset (div. "Headset included").
For the simplest models, the microphone can be used during the day. To transmit sound, you need to bring a microphone or a headset and connect this attachment to the sound card.

Mounted on the monitor
In order to increase the space on the table, a lot of webcam models can be installed on the monitor for the help of special mounting.

Mechanical drive rod
The mechanical drive of the degree of opening the camera behind the help of a special mechanism and allows you to automatically reduce the appearance of a coristuvach, which is in the field of view of the camera, in the center of the image that is being transmitted.
For many models, the function of the speed of the faces is implemented with the help of software (div. "Function of the speed of the faces"). The range, in the boundaries of which function works, the number of surroundings. For models with a mechanical drive, the stiffness behind the coristuvach is significantly shorter.

Snapshot button
The button on the body of the webcam for taking a photo is similar to the shutter button on a larger camera. In this way, to convert a webcam to a camera, simply point the lens at the object of capture, click on the button and take a photo.

The function of fastening to the faces
The function of keeping abreast of appearances allows you to automatically reduce the appearance of a coristuvacha, which is in the field of view of the camera, in the center of the image that is being transmitted. Tse ask the choice of camera expansion and increase the efficiency of work in the videoconferencing mode.
Most of the models are implemented with the help of software. However, at the sale, there are also chambers, which have some kind of speed for a special coristuvacha to help with a special drive (div. Mechanical drive speed).

blind
Structurally, the presence of the shutter on the camera lens has been changed to allow the lenses to be protected from the saw hitting them, and to coristuvacha from the falling / untransferred recording.

Pіdsvіchuvannya
Vbudovane podsvіchuvannya recognized for improving the image with insufficient lighting.

madness

Sumіsnіst іz Windows
Finding drivers for robots with operating systems from the Windows family.

Sumіsnіst іz MacOS
Finding drivers for robots with operating systems from the MacOS family.
This parameter will be important for those who plan to connect a webcam to an Apple computer (optionally from MacOS). While Windows supports almost all webcams, the robots with MacOS are guaranteed only for the deacons.

Mindfulness from Linux
Finding drivers for robots with operating systems from the Linux family.
This parameter will be important for those who plan to connect a webcam to a Linux computer. While Windows supports almost all webcams, Linux vibrators are guaranteed to work only for children.

Summaries of operating systems
Reporting list of sums operating systems I'll call that version.

additional information

Case in the kit
The case will be dark for those who plan to take the webcam on their trips.

Headset in the kit
Manually typing the headset for communication via the Internet. Webcams are often equipped with a headset, as they do not need a built-in microphone (div. "Microphone").

Cable dove
vіd 0.45 up to 5 m
The more the cable is, which connects the webcam to the computer, the more you can move the webcam. If you are planning to upgrade your home video camera, the longer cable will be brown.

Dimensions

Width
Ø 20 to 185 mm

Visota
Ø 15 to 236 mm
This parameter may be important for those who plan to take a webcam on the road.

Glibina
Ø 9 to 183 mm
This parameter may be important for those who plan to take a webcam on the road.

vaga
vіd 23 to 350 g
This parameter may be important for those who plan to take a webcam on the road.

Budovany camera - not left on the right when choosing a smartphone. For rich people, this parameter is important, for those who, when looking for a new smartphone, turn to those, the number of megapixels in the camera is declared. At the same hour, people know what is not in them on the right. So let's take a look at what you need to pay attention to when choosing a smartphone with a front camera.

Those who know a smartphone should look at the camera module in new installations. Looks different in the photo (front and main camera modules look about the same). The vin is easily placed near the smartphone case and, as a rule, is fastened with a train. This method allows you to easily replace it in case of a breakdown.

The monopoly on the market is Sony. The very same cameras, most of all, that are being updated, are being used in smartphones. OmniVision and Samsung are also engaged in manufacturing.

Important is the smartphone itself. Really, if the brand is too rich, and the company, what do you think, equip your device with a smart camera. Ale, let's take a look at what to lay around for a smart phone grab for points.

Processor

Are you happy? The processor itself enters the image processing, if it takes data from the photomatrix. No matter how the matrix would be, a weak processor cannot process and transform that information, as it takes away from it. It costs not only to record video in allowed to the high that quick change of frames per second, but also the combined signs in a high razdilnoe building.

I realized that more frames change per second, there are more more vanity to the processor.

Among people, like razumіyutsya on phones, or you care about the stench, you have an idea that smartphones with American Qualcomm processors are better than smartphones on Taiwanese MediaTek processors. I won’t ask and I won’t confirm. Well, those who have smartphones with external cameras on unproductive Chinese Spreadtrum processors are not, the camp for 2016 is still a fact.

Number of megapixels

The sign is composed of pixels (specks), which form the photomatrix for the hour of capture. I realized that there are more pixels, more images can be better, more clarity. For cameras, this parameter is shown as megapixels.

Megapixels (Mp, Mpx, Mpix) - an indication of allowing photos and videos (number of pixels). One megapixel is one million pixels.

Take, for example, the Fly IQ4516 Tornado Slim smartphone. We take photographs in the maximum size of the building 3264x2448 pixels (3264 color points for the width and 2448 for the height). 3264 pixels multiplied by 2448 pixels, the output is 7990272 pixels. The number is large, so yogo translate from the meaning of Mega. So, the number is 7990272 pixels, approximately 8 million pixels, so 8 megapixels.

For an idea, more squeak means a clearer photo. But don’t forget about the noise, the worsening of the zomka with the filthy lighting, etc.

Interpolation

It's a pity that a lot of Chinese smartphone makers don't use software upgrades. It is called interpolation. If the camera can take a picture at the maximum size of 8 Mp, then programmatically increase it to 13 Mp. Zrozumilo, with whom the yak_st is not better. How can we not be fooled at such a time? Search the Internet for information about the camera module in smartphones. At the characteristics of the module, it is indicated, for which you are allowed to know. If you did not know the information about the module, then you should be wary. Sometimes in the characteristics of a smartphone, it can be clearly indicated that the camera is interpolated, for example, from 13 MP to 16 MP.

Software security

Don't underestimate the software security that is being developed digital image And what does yoga represent to us at that end of the world, as if mi Bachimo yoga on the screen. It shows the transmission of colors, the use of noise, ensures the stabilization of the image (if the smartphone at the hands is smoky at the hour of capture), and so on.

Camera matrix

Important є type of matrix (CCD or CMOS) and її size. She herself hoots the image and passes it on to the processor for processing. Vіd matricі to lay razdіlna zdatnіst camera.

Diaphragm (light power)

When choosing a smartphone with a front camera, pay attention to this parameter. Roughly kazhuchi, vіn vkazuє those, how much light is taken by the matrix through the optics of the module. The more the better. Less network - more noise. The diaphragm is denoted by the letter F with a slash (/). After that, and the value of the diaphragm is indicated, and the smaller, the better. As a butt, it is designated as follows: F / 2.2, F / 1.9. Often referred to technical characteristics smartphone.

A camera with an aperture of F/1.9 is better in low light conditions, a lower camera with an aperture of F/2.2, which puts more light on the matrix. And yet, stabilization is important for both software and optical.

Optical stabilization

Smartphones are rarely equipped with optical stabilization. As a rule, the devices are expensive if the camera is stuck through. Such a device can be called a camera phone.

Zyomka smartphone is carried out with a hand and if the image is not blurred, optical stabilization is fixed. Possible and hybrid stabilization (software + optical). Particularly important is optical stabilization during long-term exposure, if through insufficient illumination the image can be robbed for 1-3 seconds in a special mode.

Spalah

The bedroom can be light and xenon. Rest to secure richly best photos for the lightness. Zustrichaetsya podvіyny svіtlodiodny sleeping. Rarely, but maybe two: light and xenon. Tse Samy short version. Implemented with Samsung M8910 Pixon12 camera phone.

As you can see, those who know the smartphone to lie in rich parameters. So when choosing in the characteristics of the varto, pay attention to the name of the module, aperture, visibility optical stabilization. The best way is to look around for a specific phone number on the Internet, where you can find out about the butts of the signs, as well as the author’s thought about the camera.

Sensors - tse attachments, which indicate only gradations of gray (gradations of light intensity - from white to completely black). So that the camera could distinguish colors, silicon for the additional process of photolithography is superimposed with an array of color filters. In these sensors, microlenses are deviated, filters are placed between lenses and a photodetector. In scanners, trilinear CCDs are de-wired (the order of three CCDs is expanded, which reacts appropriately to red, blue and green colors), or in high-end digital cameras, three sensors are also wicked, on the skin sensor filtering the light of the song color. (Respectfully, in some cameras with a number of sensors, there are combinations of several colors for filters, and not three standard ones). For attachments with one sensor, such as the most advanced digital cameras, for processing different colors, arrays of color filters (color filter arrays, CFA) are used.

In order to give the skin pixel its own main color, the filter of the main color is brushed over it. Photons, first of all, spend on a pixel, go through the filter, which skips less than the whiff of your color. The light of the day is just to be clayed with a filter. Vcheni vznachal, scho be-what color in the spectrum can be taken away from the mix of just a few of the main colors. The RGB model has three such colors.

For skin zastosuvannya arrays of color filters are rozroblyayutsya. In addition, in most sensors of digital cameras, the most popular are arrays of filters in the Bayer pattern. This technology was found in the 70s by the Kodak company, if the studies were carried out in the gallery of a spacious rose floor. In my system, the filters are arranged in a superior order, in a checkered order, and the number of green filters is larger, lower is red or blue. The order of stitching is such that red and blue filters are stitched between green.

Such a kіlkіsne spіvvіdnoshnja is explained by the everyday human eye - vin sensitive to the green light. And the check mode ensures the same for the color of the image regardless of how you trim the camera (vertically or horizontally). When reading information from such a sensor, the colors are recorded sequentially in rows. The first row is to blame buti BGBGBG, the offensive - GRGRGR and so on. This technology is called sequential RGB (sequential RGB).

In PZZ cameras, all three signals are sent together not on the sensor, but in the attachment, the image is formed, even after that, as a signal of transformations from the analog type is digital. For CMOS sensors, confusion can be seen directly on the chip. In any case, the primary colors of the skin filter are mathematically interpolated with the improved colors of the susceptible filters. Respectfully, if there are more dots in the picture, they change the main colors, and even more effectively reveal pure red, blue or green colors.

For example, in order to designate, having added secondary pixels to the color of the central one, with linear interpolation, a matrix of pixels with a size of 3x3 is processed. Take, for example, the simplest way - three pixels - with blue, red and blue filters, arranged in one row (BRB). It is acceptable that you try to take the resulting value of the color of the red pixel. As all colors are equal, the colors of the central pixel are calculated mathematically as two parts of blue to one part of red. Really, the algorithms to create simple linear interpolation are richly collapsible, the stench is to protect the values ​​of all the necessary pixels. If the interpolation looks bad, then there will be teeth on the border of the color change (otherwise the color artifacts appear).

Significantly, the word "dozvіl" in the sphere of digital graphics is not correct. Purists (otherwise pedantry - to whom it is more appropriate), know about photography and optics, know that the building is different - the world of the building of the human eye, or the device to distinguish the okrem lines on the page of the allowable, for example, on the page below the ISO, indications. But in the computer industry, it is accepted that it is allowed to name a number of pixels, and as it happened, we also pіdemo tsієї convention. Even navit retailers call the retail building a number of pixels at the sensor.

Shall we?

Expand the image file to be stored as number of pixels (admitted). The bigger the pixels, the bigger the file. For example, an image sensor in the VGA standard (640x480 or 307200 active pixels) takes about 900 kilobytes in a squeezed look. (307200 pixels by 3 bytes (R-G-B) = 921600 bytes, which is approximately 900 kilobytes) A ​​16 MP sensor image takes approximately 48 megabytes.

It would have been possible to do something like this - to check the number of pixels on the sensor, to determine the size of the image, which to go out. Tim is no less, the chambers of the chambers represent a bunch of different figures, and it is hard to say that it is the right thing to do in the chamber.

The total number of pixels includes all pixels that are physically present in the sensor. Ale, active vvazhayutsya tі, yakі take the fate of the original image. Close to five hundred pixels of the required pixels do not take part in the original image. These are defective pixels or pixels that are picked up by the camera for other indications. For example, you can use masks to define the dark strum or to define the frame format.

The frame format is the ratio between the width and the height of the sensor. For some sensors, for example, with a wide range of 640x480, the speed is 1.34: 1, which matches the frame format of more computer monitors. This means that the images created by such sensors are accurately inserted into the monitor screen, without forward framing. For bagatioh devices, the frame format is similar to the traditional 35-millimeter swimming pool, the ratio is equal to 1:1.5. Tse allow robiti znіmki standard size that form.

Interpolation allowed

Crim of optical permission (the ability of pixels to react to photons is real), it also allowed, with an increase in the software and hardware complex, for additional algorithms that interpolate. As an interpolation of colors, in the interpolation it is possible to mathematically analyze the data of the adjacent pixels. With whichever interpolation occurs, intermediate values ​​are created. Such a "winning" of new data can be carried out smoothly, with which interpolation the data will be between average, between real optical data. But sometimes for such an operation, they can be blamed for various changes, artifacts, appear to be created, in which the quality of the image is less lost. That's a lot of pessimism in vvazhayut, scho interpolation allowed - not a way to improve the quality of the image, but rather a way to increase the files. When choosing, I will add respect, as a distribution of buildings is indicated. Not varto for the sake of high interpolation of different buildings. (It is denoted as interpolated or enhanced).

Another process of image processing on a software level is sub-sampling. In essence, the process of wrapping up to interpolation. This process is carried out at the stage of image processing even after the conversion from analog. digital look. When you see the data of different pixels. For CMOS sensors, this operation can be carried out on the chip itself, by turning on the reading of the first rows of pixels, or reading the data only from the selected pixels.

Subsampling wins two functions. First, for the strengthening of the tribute - to save more znіmkіv from the memory of the singing rose. The smaller the number of pixels, the smaller the number of roaming the file, and the more you can fit on the memory card or internal memory attach it at a later time, you may need to capture photos on a computer or change memory cards.

Another function of this process is the creation of an image of a song expansion of song goals. Cameras with a 2MP sensor are tough enough to take a picture of a standard photo with a size of 8x10 inches. Alternately, you can try to send such a photograph by mail, it’s worth remembering to increase the size of the sheet. Subsampling allows you to process the image in such a way that it looks normal on the monitors of your friends (so you don’t put it as a meta detail) and when you do it, it was possible to do it on machines with the correct data.

Now, if we are familiar with the principles of robotic sensors, we know how to get an image, let's take a look at a little more clearly and deal with more complex situations that are blamed for digital photography.