Golovna

2 Cool Reader

It’s no secret that in order to create your own financial infrastructure, you previously had to resort to specialized equipment intended for various purposes, and spend a lot of money either on your salary or on rent.

And as a result, the beginning of the epic, and even the entire responsibility of infrastructure management fell on the shoulders of the company.

With the emerging technology of virtualization and increasing benefits to the productivity, availability and reliability of computing systems, more and more often we are choosing to make use of bad solutions and virtual platforms of reliable ones. aaS providers. And it’s generally understood: many organizations are moving forward, most of them want to make big decisions, ignite as quickly as possible, and not have any problems with infrastructure management.This approach is not very new today, however, it is becoming a more common tactic for effective management of enterprises/infrastructure. With the shift of most workers from physical workplaces to virtual workplaces, there is a need to maintain safety and security.

Security – both from a physical point of view and from a virtual point of view – may always be at its best.

Incredibly, the IT market is looking for a solution to ensure security and guarantee a high level of protection for virtual media. Let's look at the report on the recently announced virtual border screen Cisco ASAv, which is the way to replace the terrible Cisco ASA 1000v firewall. The Cisco company on its official website announces the launch of the sale and support of the Cisco ASA 1000v, which replaces the flagship protection of cloudy, virtual infrastructures in particular the Cisco ASAv product. Recently, Cisco has increased its activity in the virtualization segment by adding virtualized products to its line of hardware solutions.

The appearance of Cisco ASAv is a final confirmation.

Cisco ASAv provides edge-to-edge functionality, ultimately protecting data from data centers and dark environments. Cisco ASAv is a virtual machine that can be run on various hypervisors, including VMware ESXi, interacting with virtual “candles” to process traffic. The virtual firewall can be used with a variety of virtual switches, including Cisco Nexus 1000v, VMware dvSwitch and vSwitch. Cisco ASAv supports the implementation of Site-to-Site VPN, VPN remote access

, as well as the organization of clientless remote VPN access, as in

physical devices

Cisco ASA.

• Figure 1. Cisco ASAv Architecture

Cisco ASAv is victorious licensing Cisco Smart Licensing, which will significantly simplify the development, servicing and creation of virtual instances of Cisco ASAv, which are vicoristic on the side of the assistants.

• Key features and advantages of Cisco ASAv

A single cross-domain security measure

• Cisco ASAv will provide a single level of security between physical and virtual devices with the ability to support multiple hypervisors.

In the context of an IT infrastructure, clients often opt for a hybrid model, where some of the add-ons are tailored to the physical infrastructure of the company, and the other to a virtual platform with a number of hypervisors.

Cisco ASAv offers consolidated throat options, where a single security policy can be implemented for both physical and virtual devices.

Ease of operation

Cisco ASAv is a representative state transfer software interface (REST API) based on a similar HTTP interface, which allows you to interact with the device itself, as well as change security policies and monitor the status of states.

VMware functionality supported in ASAv

ASAv's larynx behind the VMware vSphere web client

If you would like to run ASAv on a remote platform of an IaaS provider or on any other virtualized platform in order to avoid unsatisfactory and non-working moments, you can immediately gain respect for additional opportunities and exchanges:

• The larynx of ASAv from the ova file does not support localization.
• It is necessary to make sure that VMware vCenter and LDAP servers on your computer are set to ASCII value mode.

Before installing ASAv and the virtual machine console, you must set the keyboard layout (United States English).

• When initially upgrading to the VMware vSphere web client, you must install the Client Integration Plug-in, which is available for installation directly from the authentication window.
• After successful installation, reconnect to the VMware vSphere web client and log in by entering your login and password.
• Before installing Cisco ASAv, you must download the ASAv OVA file from the site http://cisco.com/go/asa-software, and also access at least one configured vSphere edge interface.
• In the navigation window of the VMware vSphere web client, you need to go to the panel vCenter i go to HostsandClusters. By clicking on the data center, cluster or host, depending on where you want to install Cisco ASAv, select the option to open the OVF template (DeployOVF).

Template

• Figure 3. Laryngeal OVF template ASAv At the age of the master, the OVF template in the section Source It is necessary to select the Cisco ASAv OVA installation file. Please respect that I will look at the details ( Review

Details

• ) information about the ASAv package is displayed. Figure 4. ASAv installation details overview Having accepted licensing benefit on the page Accept
• EULA , we proceed to assigning the name of the Cisco ASAv instance and rotating the virtual machine files. The horse has a choice of configuration ( Select
  • configuration
  • ) it is necessary to use the following meanings:
• To configure Standalone, select 1 (or 2, 3, 4) vCPU Standalone. , we proceed to assigning the name of the Cisco ASAv instance and rotating the virtual machine files. To configure Failover, select 1 (or 2, 3, 4) vCPU HA Primary. At the end of the day you can choose a conduit ( Storage) significant format virtual disk, to save space, select the option

Thin provision

• . It is also necessary to select a device in which to launch ASAv. Malyunok 5. Vіno selection of the cartilage In the configuration window there are limits (

Setup

network ) select the edge interface that will be used during ASAv operation. Recall: the list of edge interfaces is not specified in alphabetical order, which makes it difficult to find the required element.

Malyunok 6. Window for configuring network parameters

• There is no need to configure all ASAv interfaces; the vSphere Web Client provides support for all interfaces. Interfaces that are not planned to be used must be transferred from the Disabled (vimkneno) at the ASAv settings. After launching ASAv on the vSphere Web Console, you can view the application interfaces, vikoryst and configuration editing dialogs ().
• Edit Settings You can customize the template in the window ( Customize

template

• ) It is necessary to set a number of key settings, including the configuration of the IP address parameters, the submersion mask and the standard gateway. In the same way, after specifying the client’s IP address, which is allowed for ASDM access, and, if you need a gateway to communicate with the client, specify that IP address. Malyunok 8. How to customize the template In addition, in the option “Laryngeal type” ( Type of deployment

) Slide select installation type ASAv with three

possible options : Standalone, HA Primary, HA Secondary. Figure 9. Select the type of installation ASAv The window is ready until completion ( Ready to complete ) Summary information of the Cisco ASAv configuration is displayed. Activating the option to start the song after clearing the throat ( Power

• on after deployment).

) Allow the virtual machine to be launched after the robot master is completed.

• During the process of creating the OVF-template ASAv and the status of the commands you can follow in the command console ( to complete Task Console Malyunok 10. Status of the throat of the OVF template If the ASAv virtual machine is not yet running, you need to disable the start option and select the startup option (

the

virtual

machine

). When you start ASAv for the first time, it reads the parameters specified in the OVA file and configures system values ​​on that basis. Figure 11. Starting the ASAv virtual machine Considering the preparation for installing ASAv, we cannot help but note the fact that the entire process - including downloading the package, decompressing it and launching it - takes no more than 15-20 minutes., monitoring and troubleshooting.

From the client machine, the IP addresses of which were specified during the startup process are then required to connect.

To access ASDM, you need to use a web browser from the assigned ASAv IP address value.

• Launch of ASDM
• On the machine designated as the ASDM client, you must launch a browser and enter the ASAv values ​​in the format https://asav_ip_address/admin, which will result in a window with the following options:
• install ASDM Launcher and launch ASDM;

run ASDM;

startup master launch.Figure 12. Example of launching the ASDM toolInstallFigure 12. Example of launching the ASDM tool

ASDM Launcher and run To start the installer, select "Install ASDM Launcher and run ASDM".

• In the fields “Koristuvach’s name” there is a “password” (at times
• new installations

) you don’t have to put a value and press “OK”.Figure 12. Example of launching the ASDM tool

Without configured HTTPS authentication, access to ASDM is granted without entering any additional data. When HTTPS authentication is enabled, you must provide a login and password. Save the installer locally and proceed with installation.

Once installed, ASDM-IDM Launcher will launch automatically.

Enter the IP address of the ASAv and click “OK”.

Launch

• You can also become a vikorist
• Java Web
• Start to launch ASDM without installation.
• Select the “Launch ASDM” option, after which the ASDM-IDM Launcher window will open.
• Figure 13. Connecting to ASAv using the additional ASDM-IDM Launcher
• Startup master launch
• If the “Run Startup Wizard” option is selected, you can set the current ASAv configuration parameters
• Hostname
• Domain name

Administrative passwordInterfaces IP addresses

Static routes DHCP server NAT rules

and more (that other adjustment…) Vikoristannya consoles

VMware

vSphere

For updating the user configuration, troubleshooting, access to the interface

command line

• (CLI) you can quickly access the ASAv console, accessible from the VMware vSphere web client. Important! In the console window, check that the robot is running in EXEC mode, which is not available basic commands. Important!To switch privileges to EXEC mode, you must run the command enable
• , after which you need to enter a password (Password), either the password for the tasks, or otherwise, press Enter. Vivedennya meaning ciscoasa#
• In the console window, check the switching mode for privileges. You may have more options for non-configuration commands., To access configuration commands, you must switch to configuration mode. You can switch to the new one from the privileged mode. To exit the privileged mode, use the following commands:

disable

• exit

Vivedennya meaningor elsequit.

• Global configuration mode

To switch to the global configuration mode, use the following command:configure

• terminal

To switch to the global configuration mode, use the following command:configureIf you successfully switch to the configuration mode, the readiness indicator for the global configuration mode is displayed, which looks like this:

ciscoasa (

config)#

• To see a list of all possible commands, scroll down to: help?After this, a list of all available commands is displayed in alphabetical order, as shown in figure 16. You can switch to the new one from the privileged mode. Figure 16. Example of command display in global configuration mode.

To exit the global configuration mode, use the following commands:
exit,

============================
quit

end
Friends, we are pleased to announce that we are starting to publish statistics from our readers.
Today's material from the guest of our podcast Oleksandr aka Sinister. Especially for the linkmeup project There are a large number of simulators and emulators available for use by Cisco Systems.

With this short glance I will try to show all the essential tools that are at work in this task.
The information will be useful for those who practice
edge technologies

, preparing to store Cisco, collecting rivers for troubleshooting or monitoring food security.

A little bit of terminology.

Simulators - have a certain set of commands that are not built in and may not go beyond the scope, immediately eliminating the notification about the error.
The classic stock is Cisco Packet Tracer.

• Emulators also allow you to program (via byte translation) images (firmware) of real devices, often without visible boundaries.
• Yak stock - GNS3/Dynamips.
• Let's take a look at Cisco Packet Tracer first.
• Cisco Packet Tracer
• This simulator is available for both Windows and Linux, free of charge for Cisco Academy students.

Its advantages are friendliness and logical interface.
It is important to manually check the operation of various network services, such as DHCP/DNS/HTTP/SMTP/POP3 and NTP.
And one of the most important features is the ability to switch to simulation mode and increase the movement of packets at an advanced hour.

I guessed the same Matrix.

• Disadvantages:
• Anything that goes beyond the scope of the CCNA may not be available to anyone.

The STP protocol is especially famous.

Offensive - GNS3, which is
graphical interface
(on Qt) for dynamips emulator.
This is a great project available for Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. GNS project website - www.gns3.net/
However, most of its functions, which enhance productivity, only work under Linux (ghost IOS, which is required due to the lack of availability of new firmware), the 64-bit version is the same only for Linux.
In-line version GNS at the moment is 0.8.5 An emulator that works with the latest IOS firmware. In order to use it, you must have firmware. Let's say you bought a Cisco router, you can use it. Until then, you can connect VirtualBox virtual machines either.
VMware Workstation

and create enough

• folding diagrams
• , for the ban you can drink away and let him out
• I'm actually guessing
• In addition, Dynamips can work with both older Cisco PIX and Cisco ASA, up to version 8.4.

You can only run iOS 15 version on the 7200 platform.

Available only for Windows, the price ranges from $179 for CCNA and up to $349 for CCNP.
I am a collection of laboratory experiments, grouped by topics.
As you can see from the screenshots, the interface consists of several sections: task description, boundary map, on the left side there is a list of all labs.
Having finished the work, you can check the result and find out that everything was completed.
The possibility of creating powerful topologies with various boundaries.

Cisco CSR

This is great for anyone who is preparing to create a Data Center track.
There is a peculiarity - after it is turned on, the acquisition process begins (as with the CSR version, which is also possible on Linux) and stops.
There is a feeling of hostility that everything is frozen, but that’s not the case.

Connections to this emulator are made through named channels.
A naming channel is one of the methods of inter-process communication.

\\.\pipe\vmwaredebug

Using GNS3 and QEMU (a lightweight OS emulator that comes bundled with GNS3 for Windows), you can select topologies that will involve Nexus switches.

Cisco IOU
Well, let’s find the famous Cisco IOU (Cisco IOS on UNIX) – this is proprietary software that is not officially expanding in any way. The main idea is that Cisco can recognize and identify the one who is using the IOU. At the hour of startup, an HTTP probe is sent
POST will be requested

server xml.cisco.com.
The data that is sent includes hostname, login, IOU version, etc.
It appears that Cisco TAC is victorious over the IOU itself.
The emulator is very popular among those who are preparing to take the CCIE.

Initially, I worked primarily under Solaris, and then later ported to Linux.

It consists of two parts - l2iou and l3iou, from the name you can guess that the first one emulates the channel network and switches, and the other - the edge and routers.

Configuration is carried out by editing text configuration files, and sometimes for new developments and a graphical interface, web-friend.

The interface is intuitive, with its help you can perform almost all activities.

In order to connect to any device on the circuit, simply click on the new one and open putty.

IOU's capabilities are truly great.
Although there are some shortcomings, there are still problems in the channel market.
For some people, for example, it is very difficult to install duplex, but all the rest - all the main functionality works and works efficiently.

The author of the web interface is Andrea Dainese.
Yogo website: www.routereflector.com/cisco/cisco-iou-web-interface/
On the site itself there is no IOU or any firmware, but the author states that the web interface is created for people who have the right to use the IOU.

And small pouches all the way

(The Bay Bridge, which connects San Francisco with Treasure Island, was transformed into the world's largest light sculpture. In this case, Cisco switches were built.)

===========================

Additional information about eucariot.

I would like to say something about the Huawei ownership simulator.

eNSP

Essentially closer to Cisco Packet Tracer, it has a sophisticated graphical interface and is a simulator itself.

It’s absolutely free to expand – all you need to do is register on the site.
Realizes the complete function of the correct installation, without the need to complete specific speeches it is impossible to sell.

Available MSTP, RRPP, SEP, BFD, VRRP, various IGP, GRE, BGP, MPLS, L3VPN.

You can start a multicast, then you select a video file on the server and through the configured network on the client you can watch the video (this is obligatory in the SDSM edition about multicast).

You can catch packages with a wireshark. Having not worked with it much, but no glitches were found, the interference of the processor is entirely acceptable. And also

Bagatory virtual training ground on

At this time, virtualization technology is an invisible warehouse IT world.

Besides the industrial stagnation of virtual machine technology, which allows the overall production of IT infrastructure to be accelerated, which is something that many people are not too lazy to write about, the technology is also widely used for development or testing system, intermediate and applied software security.

Most publications often see first-tier virtualization. On one or many physical computers connected by real networks, on the basis of some kind of virtualization, the software functions without virtual machines (VMs) connected by virtual networks (also referred to as virtual software). izatsiya), which, if necessary, contact real by means of edges through edge adapters of physical computers. In other words, there is often a mix of real devices and a set of virtual objects (including machines on which both OSes operate).
However, to be more precise, in the examples that are seen in publications, there are implicitly present objects of another and the greatest rivals of virtualization, but the authors practically do not emphasize their respect at all.

Let’s take a look at a measure that was invented primarily for the sake of the butt, and in itself it does not carry any special practical value (you can choose for yourself any other butt, including real practice).

And two companies, each with a head office with a server in one geographic location, and a branch with a work station in another geographic location. personal computers, or, more importantly, Cisco routers.

Well, real computers can easily be replaced by virtual machines, which are created and launched using other software that implements virtual machine technology, for example, VMware Workstation 6.0 (in this article the author reviews aggressive virtualization on the application of this software itself ). For modeling Cisco routers with EoMPLS support, the popular Dynamips simulator is a good choice (as well as manually and manually) graphic middle

until now - GNS3).

However, there is a problem: you can also model virtual machines with “real” full-function MS Windows OS installed on them, and also Cisco routers with “real” full-function Cisco IOS OS, in other words, link the two middle models on the measure?

Proceed to get out of the situation.

Unsatisfied accountants can find the current code (the transport identifier, which is assigned to the MS Windows OS for the transport adapter) in settings, so as not to get confused in the names of the transport connection, the names of the transport adapter, the MAC address of the adapter Identifiers can be quickly installed in the OS Windows utility GETMAC, which is launched with the V key (Verbose - report information):

Thus, through a similar “two-way design” on the OSI channel level (in essence Layer 2 Bridging) on ​​the same edge adapter of a physical computer, virtual routers in the GNS3 middleware based on Dynamips can interact with each other on the Ethernet level virtual machines in the VM middle ( This has been extensively verified experimentally).

Unfortunately, it is not possible to directly connect VMnet switches with a VMware middleware with objects of the “Cloud” type (point sticks) with GNS3 based on Dynamips (without hiring any special software).

This situation brings us to the point of a simple twist: we don’t care about creating another additional virtual machine with the necessary number of edge adapters (as many as we need a point “dotik”), and on it the OS, and most importantly - the GNS3 security program based on Dynamips .

Then, in GNS3, create, configure and launch the network required for modeling based on Cisco routers.

Thus, Cisco routers move to another level of virtualization (the first is the virtual machine itself).

The network “dots” will operate through the “Cloud”-type objects (points) in GNS3 based on Dynamips, linked to the corresponding network adapters of the CISCONET virtual machine, which are, in turn, linked to to the latest virtual switches VM to join other virtual machines.

Our application will use an additional CISCONET virtual machine with 4 edge adapters (VMware Workstation 6.0 supports up to 10 edge adapters for a virtual machine), linked to the corresponding VMnet virtual switches. Thus, we come to two levels of virtualization: VMware infrastructure in the middle of a physical computer (1st level of virtualization), and Dynamips infrastructure in the middle of an additional virtual machine (2nd level of virtualization). If you know that EoMPLS is a kind of virtualization using Cisco IOS, then it is important that in this application there is also the 3rd level of virtualization. In the 3rd tier of virtualization there is a virtual MPLS circuit and virtual circuits on top of this circuit, which are simulated by Cisco IOS on two Cisco routers. As a result, we can derive the following rich virtualization scheme: As can be seen from the diagrams above, the experimenter’s computer is on a par with real objects and, from the extreme point of view, isolates from virtual machines and virtual routers, which is entirely reasonable and correct. GNS3 based on Dynamips, which runs on a CISCONET virtual machine, which includes Cisco virtual routers (R1, R2), as well as virtual switches SW1-SW4, connected to the peripheral router interfaces (R1, R2).

Merezheva interaction between the first and other virtualization layers is due to the “two-way design” architecture on the OSI channel layer: virtual switches VMnet3-VMnet6 are linked to the network layers LAN1-LAN4 adapters of an additional CISCONET virtual machine, and additional “Cloud” ones (not shown in the diagram indications, in essence they are simple “stick points” and nothing more), also connected to the corresponding LAN1-LAN4 edge adapters of the additional CISCONET virtual machine.

The CISCONET virtual machine has four edge adapters: LAN1, LAN2, LAN3 and LAN4, which are connected to the corresponding virtual switches VMnet3, VMnet4, VMnet5 and VMnet6.

It has its own edge adapter of the virtual machine WINPC1 connections to the virtual switch VMnet3, edge adapter WINPC2 - VMnet4, edge adapter WINSRV1 - VMnet5 and edge adapter WINSRV2 - VMnet6. This is how one side of the dotik point is implemented: virtual machines WINPC1, WINPC2, WINSRV1 and WINSRV2 can communicate with the CISCONET virtual machine through the same edge adapters of that machine. It is important to note that any switching or routing between the edge adapters of the CISCONET virtual machine by the MS Windows OS itself on this machine may be blocked. Finally, on the CISCONET machine, a GNS middleware based on Dynamips is running, which includes two virtual Cisco routers. The router's secondary interfaces are connected to the corresponding virtual switches SW1, SW2, SW3 and SW4 (do not connect them with the VMnet virtual switches), and the switches, in their own way, are connected to new PC1, PC2, SRV1 and SR VMware objects with similar names) .

In order not to get lost in the network connections between different objects on different levels of virtualization, let’s put it in one basic table:

Now let's move on to the test results.

On the screenshot below, you can see that the different workstations and servers “batch” one by one (including with the help of edge services that vikorist broadband data) through MPLS-harm, always virtual Lancets EoMPLS.

Another screenshot shows that the virtual connectors (VC 111, VC 222) are functioning successfully and a number of bytes have been transferred through them to the other side:

The time had come to take care of Cisco.

Not for long, but still.

Everything related to Cisco is instantly mega popular.

I recently visited the local Cisco Academy at the local university.

Rick was on the course.

Never before will we have access to the very beginning, especially at the beginning. Emulators come to help.

Cisco has the same. I started with Boson NetSim, and students may now start using Cisco Packet Tracer.

, preparing to store Cisco, collecting rivers for troubleshooting or monitoring food security.

The set of simulators cannot be separated between these two types.

Just now, in our “Merezhi for Hired” series, we switched to the GNS3 emulator, which better satisfied our needs, not Cisco Packet Tracer.

The classic stock is Cisco Packet Tracer.

• Emulators also allow you to program (via byte translation) images (firmware) of real devices, often without visible boundaries.
• Yak stock - GNS3/Dynamips.
• Let's take a look at Cisco Packet Tracer first.
• Cisco Packet Tracer
• Are there any alternatives?

Oleksandr aka Sinister, who still doesn’t have an account on Khabr, told about them.

There are a large number of simulators and emulators available for use by Cisco Systems.

With this short glance I will try to show all the essential tools that are at work in this task.

And one of the most important features is the ability to switch to simulation mode and increase the movement of packets at an advanced hour.

• Disadvantages:
• Anything that goes beyond the scope of the CCNA may not be available to anyone.

The information will be useful to those who are developing edge technologies, preparing to install Cisco, collecting rivers for troubleshooting or monitoring power supply security.

Not much terminology.

Simulators

A great project, available on Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. The website of the GNS project is www.gns3.net.

and create enough

However, most of its functions, which enhance productivity, only work under Linux (ghost IOS, which is required due to the lack of availability of new firmware), the 64-bit version is the same only for Linux.

The current version of GNS at the moment is 0.8.5.

An emulator that works with the latest IOS firmware.

In order to use it, you must have firmware.

Let's say you bought a Cisco router, you can use it.

You can then connect VirtualBox or VMware Workstation virtual machines and create additional circuits, which can be done in real time.

In addition, Dynamips can work with both older Cisco PIX and Cisco ASA, up to version 8.4.

The number of platforms is strictly limited: you can only launch those chassis that are provided by dynamips distributors.

You can only run iOS 15 on the 7200 platform. It’s impossible to completely tinker with Catalyst switches, which is due to the fact that they use a lot of specific integrated circuits, such as but it’s really hard for him to love.

• The use of NMs for routers is disabled.
• With a large number of devices, productivity loss is guaranteed to be avoided.
• What does dry surplus mean?
• A tool in which you can create folding topologies, prepare to test the CCNP level with various barriers.
• 3. Boson NetSim
• A few words about the Boson NetSim simulator, which recently updated to version 9.
• Includes non-Cisco devices such as TFTP Server, TACACS+ and the packet generator (probably the same 3 other devices)

The shortcomings are the same as Packet Tracer.

Tim, who doesn’t feel sorry for the singing sum, and who doesn’t want to figure out and create his topologies, but just wants to practice before testing, which will be even more verbal.

Official website - www.boson.com/netsim-cisco-network-simulator.

4. Cisco CSR

Now let's take a look at the new Cisco CSR.

The virtual Cisco Cloud Service Router 1000V recently appeared.

Available on the official Cisco website.

To download this emulator, you just need to register on the site. No cost. A Cisco contract is not required.

This is true, since Cisco previously fought against emulators in all ways and recommended the removal of ownership.

You can, for example, import an OVA file, which is a virtual machine, according to this, RedHat or the like. Virtual machine When you start it up, it will create an ISO image, in the middle of which you can find CSR1000V.BIN, which contains the same firmware.

Well, Linux plays the role of a wrapper - it converts clicks.

The benefits as indicated on the website are memory DRAM 4096 MB Flash 8192 MB. Today's efforts are not to blame for causing problems. CSR can be used in GNS3 topologies or in connection with a Nexus virtual switch.

The CSR1000v appears as a virtual router (similar to Quagga, or IOS from Cisco), which runs on the hypervisor as a client instance and serves as the primary ASR1000 router.

This can be as important as basic routing or NAT, and even to such things as VPN MPLS or LISP. As a result, we may have a full-fledged provider Cisco ASR 1000. The speed of the work is good, it works in real time..

About an hour later, a Cisco Nexus 1000V appeared, which can be legally purchased directly or from the warehouse of the vSphere Enterprise Plus edition of the Vmware company.

You can watch it on the website - www.vmware.com/ru/products/cisco-nexus-1000V/

\\.\pipe\vmwaredebug

This is great for anyone who is preparing to create a Data Center track.

There is a peculiarity - after it is turned on, the acquisition process begins (as with the CSR version, which is also possible on Linux) and stops.

There is a feeling of hostility that everything is frozen, but that’s not the case.

Connections to this emulator are made through named channels.

A naming channel is one of the methods of inter-process communication.

It is the same in Unix-like systems as in Windows.

To connect, just open putty, select the serial connection type and enter \\.\pipe\vmwaredebug.

6. Cisco IOU

Well, let’s find the famous Cisco IOU (Cisco IOS on UNIX) - this is proprietary software that is not officially expanded anywhere.

The main idea is that Cisco can recognize and identify the one who is using the IOU.

There is a classic network organization scheme: access level (SW1, SW2, SW3), division level (R1) and connection to the global network (R2).

On router R2, statistics collection is organized and NAT is configured. Between R2 and R3 installations there is a hardware firewall with traffic filtering and routing functions (scheme 1) Recently the task was set to migrate all the networks to an alternative gateway (R4).

The new gateway offers cluster functionality and the existing one scales horizontally to increase the number of cluster nodes.

Based on the commissioning plan, it is necessary to

singing period

There were two gateways at the same time - the old one (R2) - for all client networks, and the new one (R4) - for the network that will take part from the testing of the new gateway (Scheme 2).

Trying to implement PBR (Policy-based routing) on ​​the internal router (R1) was not very successful - the traffic got looped.

Kerivnitstvo on the passage of additional possession led to Vidmova.

The hour had passed, there was no router, the plant was stalling...

And then I saw an article on the Internet that told me about the isolation of the routing table on Cisco routers.

I am deciding to remove the additional router from an independent routing table based on the original ownership.

To complete this task, a new project was created (Scheme 3), which conveys the presence of an additional router with PBR capabilities.

The line between R1 and R5 is correct:

Merezha: 172.16.200.0/30

Interface R1: 172.16.200.2 /30
Interface on R5: 172.16.200.1/30
VLANID: 100 – old router VLANID: 101 – new router Note: The R5 container contains a virtual router based on R3 (Cisco IOS Software, C2900 Software (C2900-UNIVERSALK9_NPE-M), Version 15.0(1)M1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)). To access configuration commands, you must switch to configuration mode..

The R3 router is equipped with three gigabit Ethernet ports, interface Gi0/0 is configured for internal routing, Gi0/1 is for connecting to a hardware firewall, and Gi0/2 is for connecting to an external provider.
Let's move on to setting up the R5 router.

Let's go to configuration mode:
R3(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.100.2 255.255.255.252
R3(config-subif)#exit
R3(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0.101
R3(config-subif)#ip vrf forwarding zone1
R3(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 101
R3(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.100.6 255.255.255.252
R3(config-subif)#exit
R3(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1000
R3(config-subif)#ip vrf forwarding zone1
R3(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1000
R3(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.200.1 255.255.255.252
R3(config-subif)#exit
Now you need to adjust PBR.
For this purpose, ACLs are created, based on the following rule: everything that goes up to the ACL is routed through the old gateway, everything else is routed through the new one.
R3(config)#access-list 101 deny ip host 192.168.3.24 any
R3(config)#access-list 101 deny ip host 192.168.3.25 any
R3(config)#access-list 101 deny ip host 192.168.3.26 any
R3(config)#access-list 101 permit ip any any
Creating a Route-Map:
R3(config)#route-map gw1 permit 50
R3(config-route-map)#match ip address 101
R3(config-route-map)#set ip vrf zone1 next-hop 172.16.100.1
R3(config-route-map)#exit
R3(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1000
I put it on the interface:
R3(config-subif)#exit
R3(config-subif)#ip policy route-map gw1 VLANID: 101 – new router:
Adding the route to the routing table
R3(config)#ip route vrf zone1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0.101 172.16.100.5 VLANID: 101 – new router
and checks the routing table for
R3#show ip route vrf zone1
Routing Table: zone1
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is 172.16.100.5 to network 0.0.0.0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 via 172.16.100.5, GigabitEthernet0/0.101
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.16.100.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0.100
L 172.16.100.2/32 – directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0.100
From 172.16.100.4/30 there is a direct connection, GigabitEthernet0/0.101
L 172.16.100.6/32 – directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0.101
C 172.16.200.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0.1000
The status of client traffic at various gateways has been terminated. The disadvantages of the adopted decision would be to note the increased emphasis on the router hardware and the weakened security of the router, connections to the global network direct connection before local measures