Asymmetry of streaks and voltage in electrical engineering is called the appearance in a 3-phase measure of uneven amplitudes of phase streaks and cuts between them. Such asymmetry can be blamed for uneven phase transition.

For example, when connecting the windings for the type of star and the chotiripideal livelihood, it is possible to have such a balance of unbalance, like:

• shaving "zero". With this, the linear voltage does not change, but the phase voltage changes in direct proportion to the electric support of the voltage. When the struma passes through the zero vein, the balance does not change (the voltage of the skin spigot is 220 V). Just as the shave of "zero" is trapping through the unevenness, the calm ones can get out of tune;
• short buzzing "phase to zero". The voltage between the smaller phases and zero increases. I was responsible for the idea of ​​switching on the lancet zahisny automatic machine. Remove the wire support from the same transformer.

What happens when the phases are skewed?

This phenomenon emerges through the navantageous unevenness of the phases. There is an increase in strums and a drop in voltage, which is compensated by other phases. In these other phases, the voltage increases, which is badly infused with calmness.

The most energy-efficient way to correct the phase imbalance is to use a variety of symmetrical outbuildings (SU), as a building tidy up a stream of zero and zero sequence.

stink

• condenser;
• transforming;
• compensatory SU.

Remaining devices with attachments with the addition of a "zero" transformer of a three-phase (TST) compensating winding. This method is the most effective, which is characterized by high pokazniki simetruvannya.

Three-phase symmetrical transformer

Dimensioning transformers are the same attachments that are used in 3-phase electrical circuits.

The operation of the symmetrical transformer polarizes:

• at virivnyuvanni strumu navantazhennya on the life line is not dependent on the slower navy;
• at the change in the order in the merezhі with the connection of the strained tension;
• have reduced energy inputs, changed harmonics and support.

The electrical circuit is pointed at the little one,

de 1 - magnetic conductor, 2, 3 - windings of high, low voltage, 4 - compensation winding, 5 - wedges.

The design is good to reduce the zero sequence of the 3-phase transformer. Zavdyaki significantly increase the stream of short circuit - one of the main advantages of symmetrical transformers, shards that make it easier to adjust the relay protection during short circuit. Krіm tsgogo, there is no such strongly ruinіvnі vplіv strumu okz, oskolki zabezpechuєє compensation for the asymmetric stream of zero sequence.

We wonder if it will be possible to connect a single-phase asymmetrical connection to a 3-phase chotiriprovided electric line from the TST stoppage and without it.

The image shows that the most stressed one phase is healthy 1/3 in the 3-phase tightness of the energy generator.

After the inclusion of a straining 1-phase spozhivacha viide peroxide phases. Move up the risk of exit from the exploitation of those who come to the dzherel of livelihood. If the tightness of the primaries moves up to 1/3 of the triphasic tightness of the neck, a breakage of the attachment is possible.

On this little one it is shown that the most energy per phase can equal half of the 3-phase tension of the energy supply. Tim is not less, he was more likely to take advantage of it, as it is equally divided into phases.

Vykoristannya TST allows you to change the pressure of the generator by connecting to a new electrical supply. For an energetic dzherel, the priority should be equally divided by phases.

Dotsilnist decision about inclusion to the TST scheme to lay down in a specific skin type.

Design and installation of a symmetrical transformer

The main storage transformers are a power unit, an attachment for cable input-output from automatic machines. The method of electrical installation is stationary. Lead up to the edge and the space is placed at the bottom panel. Transformer kotushki vykonanі for the help of the middling dart. The primary with the secondary winding can be galvanized. The secondary winding follows the "star" circuit.

At the input of the transformer, an automatic machine is mounted, which ensures protection against overdrive and short circuit. The transformer can provide a light indication of the presence of the external voltage.

Zastosuvannya

TST transformers are widely used in the following areas:

• Viyskove ozbroєnnya;
• technological machines from CNC;
• ZhKG service;
• garden-dacha settlement.

TSTs are located between the power supply and the electric power supplies.

Schemes of balancing transformers

Let's take a look at two schemes for the butt:

SU with a three-phase transformer consists of three windings. Winding "2" is connected to "4" sequentially, with winding "2" on other strands - zigzag-like. The number of turns of the first winding and the third is equal to the number of turns of the other winding.

Efficiently shutting down the control system will lead to a lowered support for zero-sequence streams, which increases the reliability of the robot in emergency mode.

In the circuit between the "zero" for the connection of the phase N2 voltages and the zero wire N1, the thyristor key (6 and 7), the stabilizer (8 and 9) and the resistor 10 are connected in series.

The next scheme includes:

• 3-string magnetic conductor 1;
• 3-phase symmetrical primary winding 2 with live lines;
• the secondary winding 3, I came to the zigzag scheme for three changes.

The peculiarity of the scheme of the scheme is poised in the presence of a stream of zero sequence in all windings in any modes. Such a transformer exudes simplicity and arrogance.

Visnovok

TST allow you to spend energy quickly with additional reduction in the amplitudes of the harmonics, changing the support. Tse zbіshuє working resource of energy dzherel at merezhakh іz phase imbalances. The devices are designed to increase the reliability of autonomous generators and support, if the drive is not symmetrical.

Transformers allow rationally switching power plants with less effort. Electric generators, vibrating according to the synchronous type, need the equivalence of the voltage, at their own, more than thirty hundred peroxide peroxide is allowed in phases. In such a situation, we’ll have a stalemate of a symmetrical transformer.

Write comments, adding to the article, maybe I missed it. Take a look at, I'll be radium, you know, on my other hand.

The rest of my publications, dedicated to HF antennas, called out to rich readers about the low power of the design of transformers and chokes, which are vicorated in them.

The whole food is well-documented in the radio amateur literature and numerical articles, it would have been given without needing further comments.

Self-contained wide-range symmetrical chokes and transformers on ferite tubes

Ferite transformers on ferite tubes perform a number of functions: transform the opir, balance the streams in the arms of the antenna and adjust the in-phase stream of the braid of the coaxial feeder. The best domestic ferite material for wide-range transformers is ferite grade 600NN, but tubular cores were not made from it.

At the same time, ferite tubes of foreign companies appeared for sale with good characteristics,
cream FRR-4.5 and FRR-9.5, which can be expanded dxDxL 4.5x14x27 and 9.5x17.5x35 is reasonable. The rest of the tubes vikoristovuvalis like reshkodno-important droselіv on cables, scho connect the system blocks of computers with monitors on electronic tubes. Instead, they are massively replaced on matrix monitors, and the old ones are thrown away at once with ferites.

Fig.1. Ferite tubes FRR-9.5

Some of these tubes, folded on two sides, are equivalent to "binoculars", on which it is possible to place the windings of transformers, which overlap all the HF ranges from 160 to 10 m. The tubes are manually creaked at once, wrapped with wide adhesive tape.

Of the various schemes of wide-range transformers, I have become the simplest, with separate windings, turns of which can make additional links for the fluctuation of the wire twisting of the conductor between themselves, which allows a change in the inductance of the fluctuation and for the fluctuation of the work of the upper frequency. One turn vvazhatimemo provid, passing through the open both tubes of "binoculars". Half a turn - wire, stretching through the opening of one binocular tube. Have a table
zvedeni options transformers, zdiisnenih tsikh tubes.

Like a bachimo, a wide choice of spivvіdnoshnja poles comes out. Transformer with a 1:1 ratio - similarly to the throttle, symmetrical streams in the arms of the antenna and suppress the common-mode stream in the braided live cable. Інші transformers krіm tsgogo shchey transform supports. Why bother when choosing the number of turns? For other equal minds, transformers with a single-turn primary winding can be approximately four times as high as the lower frequency of the transmission smog is equal to the double-turn one, and then the upper frequency of the smog of transmission is the same value. Therefore, for transformers, which are vicorous in the range of 160 m and 80 m, it is better to vikoristovuvat two-turn options, and in the case of 40 m and more - single-turn. It is important to win the number of the number of turns, as it is important to preserve the symmetry and separate the windings of the windings on the opposite sides of the "binoculars".

What is the transformation coefficient, then it is more important to take into account a wide range of transmission, and increase the inductance of the windings. It is possible to compensate by connecting the capacitor in parallel to the primary winding, selecting this capacitance according to the minimum SWR at the upper operating frequency.

For windings, call the vicorous wire MGTF-0.5, or more thin, as the number of turns required does not fit in the opening. For a long time, I will need a roaring dart, and I will bring it in with a deaky stock. Carrying out the primary and secondary windings is strongly twisted before winding on the core. In order to open the ferrite without windings, it is better to stretch the coils at the heat-shrinkable tubes according to the diameter of the heat-shrinkable tube, to cut along the back of the “binoculars”, as soon as the winding is completed, sit for the help of a hair dryer. The tightness of the winding turns one to one expands the scope of the transformer and often allows you to turn off the capacitor, which compensates.

The mother’s next step, which the moving transformer can be used as a lowering one, with the same transformation coefficient, so turn it over. The windings, intended for connection to low-resistance supports, need to be wired from the screen "braid" or a number of darts connected in parallel.

Recalibration of the transformer can be carried out for the help of the KVV vimiruvach, by changing it to a non-inductive resistor of the same rating. Mezhі smugi vynachayutsya for admissible equal SWR, for example, 1.1. Vmiryati waste, which is introduced by a transformer, can be weakened by a path, which can be introduced by two identical transformers, connected in series, so that input and output are small opir 50 Ohm. Don't forget to subtract the result by two.

It is more important to evaluate the other characteristics of the transformer. For whom one needs a pidsiluvach and an equivalent of a vanity, a building vitrimuvat and a necessary tension. The same scheme with two transformers is victorious. Vimiryuvannya carried out at the lower operating frequency. Step by step raise the tension CW and raise it approximately to the quill, indicating the temperature of the ferrite by hand. Riven, for some ferit for the whilin, it starts to heat up a little, to take into account the maximum allowable of this transformer. On the right, in the fact that when working, not on an equivalent voltage, but on a real antenna, which has a reactive warehouse input impedance, the transformer transmits reactive power, as a magnetic core can be used and additional heating can be added.

The drawings show examples of practical designs. In Fig. 5 - a transformer, which can be two types: 200 and 300 ohms.

Fig.2. Transformer 50:110

Fig.3. Transformer 50:200

Fig.4. Transformer 50:300

Fig.5. Transformer 50: 200/300

Transformers can be placed on a different size of a different board,
zahistivshi її vіd opadіv in any practical way.

Vladislav Shcherbakov, RU3ARJ

Peroxide of the phase voltage in three-phase high-voltage lines is the main problem of the quality of electrical energy. She calls out the asymmetry of the strum, yak, with her blackness, calls out the asymmetry of the voltage and gives a negative infusion of the practice of all the electrical supplies. Particularly unfriendly skewed phenomenon is seen on robots of asynchronous motors.

A variety of different single-phase electrothermal installations with a high intensity parameter of up to 10mW and arc furnaces, which are used in a three-phase bar, leading to the promotion of a part of such non-asymmetrical windings, which create uneven windings in the bars. Therefore, asymmetry can be usuvatsya in front of three-phase chains.

Simetruvannya navantazhen - vikoristovuvani methods

1. The natural way of virіvnyuvannya vantagenja on all phases for an additional equal rozpodіl strumovyh vantagen, the simplest way and really impossibly.
2. Movement of wires and the value of the pressure of the transformer life.
3. Changed the support of the zero dart in some of the wired lancers.

All these methods are not considered effective for the reason that they require a significant waste of expensive materials. With varying methods of varying the voltage across the phases, there is no general increase in the appearance of an increase in the uneven interference of the phases with the connection of strained single-phase strumopriymachiv.

Greater success has been achieved by the installation of symmetrical outbuildings (SU), which allow the use of a stream of zero and zero sequence.

Gradation of effective methods of balancing

1. The conversion of that recuperation of electricity, which follows the scheme of a 3-phase mesh - a 3-phase electric motor - a 1-phase generator - a phase-by-phase supply. The method of not expanding through the variation of the high value of the nominal tension and the high degree of possession, as well as the consumption of electricity in the meshes.
2. Cyclic commutation of resistive single-phase voltage to the phases of a merezhі for the fluctuations of solid-state relays and radiators.
3. Filtration method for the control of the parameters of the working electrical machines, which are victorious like a filter, but not at all tightness. Shortage of the sensitivity of the engine to the skew of tension and tension and the appearance of growing fringes, heating, change in pressure, decrease in operational terms of the robotic machine.
4. The compensation method is based on the equal connection of non-symmetric phases for the rahunka of the symmetrical transformers in 4 wires.
5. Advantages of the compensatory method

Compensation method is the most effective, there are a number of advantages:

1. High energy indicators of balance.
2. Great value of KKD.
3. The tightness is set low.
4. Building to ensure the symmetry of high accuracy for the calculation of standard equipment, such as: capacitor banks, transformers, reactors, using phase imbalance.
5. Easy to build, low price.
6. Vodnochas vikonannyam virіvnyuvannya є mozhlivіst polіpshennya yakosti elektroenergії.
7. Improvement of the coefficient of tension of the electric circuit.
8. Voltage regulation.
9. The suppression of the greater harmonics.

Classes of various symmetrical outbuildings

The dimensions of the outbuildings are divided into three classes:

1. Capacitor and electromagnetic shunt-metering attachments (ShSU), for connection to reactor lines and capacitor banks, based on a minimum support to zero-sequence jets, for shunting to mute these jets.

Nestacha - high price of the reactor.

Zastosovyatsya for vimiryuvannya that management.

1. Compensation SU - for the switch-on at the rozsіchennya zero core of the transformer compensating winding SU. Minimum range of symmetry.
2. Revamping SU - for reversing the reversal of static attachments like: rectifiers, thyristor regulators, high-frequency reversal electric machines of a constant jet, victoria of electronic ballasts in lighting gas-discharge accessories, too.

Sizing transformer TST

In order to improve the quality of electricity, the sizing of the transformer is changed, the principle of operation of such foundations on the remagnetization of windings.

Three-phase symmetrical transformer to serve for vibrating the value of the voltage on the phases of the merezhі, saving energy for the savings of the voltage level and dominating the symmetrical phase voltage.

Transformer with a symmetrical add-on with a boost of reliability and safety of life. When the zero of the zero is zero, the zero of the transformer is set as a zero working conductor, and the zero of the voltage gauge is frozen as the zero of the electrical control.

In case of varying TST, the winding in one phase is taken up by the electric grid as a three-phase one, which brings the winding symmetry up.

Using the TST together with a three-phase DBZh, it is possible to overcome the 3-phase line in the form of a non-linear 1-phase drive. for the additional protection of the wires from the higher harmonics, the amplitude of the input voltage at the inputs of the kerovannye vipryamlyachiv is regulated, and the circuit is grounded to the range of change of the keruvannya α.

Widely used models of symmetrical transformers are known from radios. So, symmetrical transformer, 1 1 – serve for balancing the struma in the arms of the antenna and vikoristovuetsya for strangling the common-mode struma in the braided live cable, de 1: 1 voltage transformation coefficient.

When you buy such products, as a symmetrical transformer, the price should be based on the voltage parameter, on the basis of the expansion rate and the coefficient of transformation.

So, for example, the variety of TST 63 kV of a three-phase balanced transformer in stock is more than 115 thousand. rub.

A transformer is called an attachment, the manager of which is to change the voltage of a changeable stream to a changeable stream of another voltage. Such transformations are invisible elements of various electrical systems, such as:

1. zvaryuvalni equipment;
2. heating equipment;
3. straight outbuildings.

In this article, there is a mention of such a variety of converting outbuildings, like a narrow transformer.

Essence and principle dії

Uzgodzhuvalny transformer (dali CT) vikoristovu uzgodzhennia іmpedansіv іrіznіh parts elektrichnogo kole pіd hоrkatsії і transmission elektrosignalіv. Transformer add-on uzgodzhuyut dzherelo signal, scho should go with the input impedance to the cascade in subsidiaries with low frequencies (ULF).

Low frequency boosters - extensions that increase the frequency of electrical whistles to a frequency range that can be felt by people (20 Hz - 20 kHz). So pіdsilyuvachі vykorovuyut like okremia pristry or zastosovuyut like a part of the folded.

Apply an accessory from the presence of a pidsiluvach:

1. microphone;
2. TV set;
3. radio receiver, etc.

The essence of the ST is weak in the offensive - it is attached to the lining, vikonan from the dielectric material and the ferrite plate, which can have a dispersed magnetic penetration in the operating frequencies. On the side of the lining, turned up to the plate, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd conductors are stitched to make a P-like shape. Metallization is applied on the back of the lining, so that there are two gaps at the “P” side.

ST is composed of:

1. Dielectric pads; 2-4. Conductors; 5. Male conductor; 6. Metalization; 7. The contour of the slot; 8. Feritic plates; 9. Metalization; 10-11. gaps; 12-13. Dopomіzhnі schіlinnі dіlyanki.

Rice. 1 Armrest of the narrow transformer

The robotic principle is:

1. The primary winding takes 4 input signal. Plate 8 and metalization 6 play the role of a happy lanka between conductors 2-4.
2. Let's introduce new elements:
   1. from one side conductor 4 dielectric pads;
   2. zі zvorotnoї - metallization.

Switching of conductors 2-4 ensures safe change of the frequency of the input. This variant of ST configuration becomes simpler, daily contact between balls. Uzgodzhuyuchiy pristriy can buti vykonaniya as a fragment of the drukovanoї pay more complicated scheme.

Construction

Attachments of this type in configurations have a number of basic elements such as:

• magnetic conductor;
• case for vitkiv;
• the windings themselves;
• other additional elements (crystal fragments, make sure the transformer is protected).

CTs are made from high quality magnetic conductors. Іsnuyut raznovidi small and great rozmirіv.

1. Design features of ST small rosemaries:
   1. core plates do not require additional insulation;
   2. the skin plate can be oxidized, so as to establish insulation.
2. ST great roses:
   1. the plates of the core are insulated with a shlyah of covering from one side of the insulating varnish;
   2. Attach such a configuration to be fixed at voltages per turn of the order of not more than ten volts or more.

Fig 2. Uzgojuvalny transformer

The windings around the magnetic core, as a rule, are wound from a round insulated copper rod. The conductor of a straight cut is located at a different wall of the great cut is close to 5-10 mm2.

The case of such a transformer is usually cylindrical. Such a design is more simple in preparation and can reduce the value of the inductance of the rose.

The core is selected according to 2 criteria:

• the characteristic of the lower frequencies has become structural, as it determines the frequency display of the extension at low frequencies;
• the design has become magnetic induction, as it determines the amplitude of the warehouse magnetic induction at the lowest frequency.

The value of the core is selected, protecting the constant design of the lower frequency values, as well as the constant value of the magnetic induction in the core.

The material of the core is selected depending on the type of transformer, protecting its working core, wear steps, as well as design features and economical winding.

Types of custom signal transformers

Zalezhno vіd galuzі zastosuvannya, zvnіshnіh fаktorіv і mоg іn thе equipment іsnuє іnіch іnіch іnіch іn elektrichіchnykh retvoryuvachіv. Let's take a look at models TOT, TOL and TVT.

Transformer attachments type TOT

Abbreviation deciphering:

T-"transformer";

O - "kіntseviy";

T-transistor.

They are used for work in cold climates at temperatures (-60…+90 °C), with high wear and tear and water content ~93 – 96%.

Rice. 3 Type of transformer TOT-type

Rice. 3. Demonstrate the technical features of the building, with the understanding of the main design parameters.

Structural dimensions are indicated in the tables 1. Variation of these various transformer attachments in vicorist modern technology of virobnization on other boards with filling, moreover, vicarious varnishing allows to resist weather and mechanical splashes.

Table 1

Transformer attachments type TOL

Abbreviation deciphering:

T-"transformer";

O - "kіntseviy";

L - "lamp".

Attachments of this type of stasis for work in cold, tropical climates, with high wear resistance at temperatures (-50 ... +130 ° C) and water vapor ~ 96 - 100%.

Rice. 4 Type of transformer TOL-type

On fig. 4. Presentation of the image of the building with various views and indications of the main design parameters.

Table 2

Variability of fittings TOL - ensures the robot does not wear windings, as well as prevents corrosion on steel parts. In addition, such a fit can be highly resistant to high temperatures, mechanical infusions and a long service life.

Transformer attachments type TVT

Abbreviation deciphering:

T-"transformer";

B - "input";

T-transistor.

Such STs are made small-sized and vicorous in cold-climatic minds. Working temperature is kolivaetsya (-60 ... +85 ° C), moisture content is less than 95%. For such temperature differences, there may be some room for partial wear of the transformer.

Rice. 5 Type of transformer for TVT type

Table 3

Structural features of the frame ensure additional hardness at the sight of mounting fittings. It is recommended to keep the gap between the openings close to 2.5 - 3.0 mm. When prepared, magnetic conductors appear at the shears with high magnetic penetration (steel grades - 79NMA and 50N), as well as a high indicator of induction of technical strength.

At the end of the war, it means that an extension with a narrow transformer, before it will be put into operation, must pass the necessary tests and warranties for further service. Umovuyu, necessary for the safety of the high level of stress, the implementation of the overvoltage reduction, the shards in the case of ST robots can take on more serious tensions and mothers of the greater airworthiness of the wear, lower at the quiet, which were carried out on the front tests.

Video about narrow transformer

Shirokosmugovі simeruyuchі transformers on ferite tubes. Do-it-yourself Uzgodzhuychy transformer z 300 to 75 ohm

Do-it-yourself fractal antennas: fixing and folding

In mathematics, fractals are called multipliers, which are added up from elements that are similar to a multiplier in total. The best butt: if you look closely at the line of the ellipse, you will become straight. Fractal - don't get closer - the picture will be lost, like before, folding and similar to a wild look. Elements are stashed with a chimerical rank. Also, the simplest butt of the fractal is the concentric stake. Skilki do not get close, new stakes are coming. Applied fractals impersonal. For example, Wikipedia gives little Romanesco cabbages, de kachan is folded into cones, which is exactly what they say about naming kachan. Many readers will understand that it is not easy to make fractal antennas. Natomist tsikavo.

New needs fractal antennas

Appointment of a fractal antenna - take lesser victims. At the back of the video, you can find a paraboloid, deviantly serving as a fractal string. There, it is already possible to break out of the foil elements of the mechanisms of low frequency frequencies, more efficient, less simple. It will be shown how to build a fractal antenna until the end, and in the weather, take care of one SWR meter. Let's guess, what is the site, ozozumіlo, foreign, de pushing a good product for commercial purposes, there is no armchair. Our self-contained fractal antenna is simpler;

The first fractal antennas - biconical - appeared, as if viewing a video from the site fractenna.com, in 1897 by Oliver Lodge. Don't joke around Wikipedia. Paired with a powerful dipole, a pair of tricots and vibrator replacement gives a 20% smog expansion. Creating periodic repetitions of the structure, in the distance, the choice of miniature antennas is no better for the great brothers. Often you will fasten a biconical antenna in front of two frames or a chimeric form of plates.

Zreshtoy, let me allow you to receive more TV channels.

As soon as you type on YouTube, there is a video of the preparation of fractal antennas. Better to understand, as it is foretold, as if to show the six-pointed star of the Israeli ensign, at which they were seen at once from the shoulders. Viyshlo, three kuti are gone, two have one side in the mist, there is no other. Shostiy kut vіdsutnіy zovsіm. Now two similar stars are spread vertically, with central folds one to one, with cuts to the left and to the right, above them - a similar pair. Vijshla antenna grating - the simplest fractal antenna.

Zirki for kuti zadnuyutsya feeder. In pairs with stovptsy. There is a signal from the line, exactly in the middle of the skin dart. The design is assembled on bolts on a dielectric (plastic) lining of a double-width dimension. The side of the star should be equal to an inch, between the coils of the stars vertically (feeder's dove) chotiri inches, horizontally (between the two wires of the feeder) - an inch. Stars may be at the tops of the kuti 60 degrees, now the reader will look like a pattern, so that we can build a fractal antenna independently. They made a working sketch, the scale is not finished. We can not vouch that the stars came out evenly, Microsoft Paint without great opportunities for making accurate chairs. Take a look at the picture, so that the attachment of the fractal antenna becomes obvious:

1. The brown rectangle shows the lining of the dielectric. A small fractal antenna has been steered and the straightness diagram is symmetrical. To protect the viprominuvach from the crosscode, the screen is placed on a chotiri stand behind a lining on an inch. At frequencies, it is not necessary to place a thick sheet of metal, stitch the grids with a quarter of an inch on the side, do not forget to connect the screen with the braided cable.
2. Feeder from a soft support 75 ohm for better comfort. Find out how to build a transformer that converts 300 ohms to 75 ohms. It is better to stock up on an SWR meter and select the required parameters not for the dot, but for the fitting.
3. Zirok chotiri, viginate from the medny dart. Lacquer insulation in the area of ​​​​stitching with a feeder is cleaned (yakscho є). The internal feeder of the antenna is folded from two parallel wires. The antenna is not badly placed in a box for the zakhist against the scoundrels.

Selectable fractal antenna for digital television

Having read up to the last glance, fractal antennas should be broken. So quickly they got stuck at the construction site, that they forgot about the rhetoric about polarization. Please, it is linear and horizontal. Tse yiplyaє z mirkuvan:

• The video, obviously, of the American trip, mov ide about HDTV. Otzhe, we can swell the modi of the assigned edge.
• Apparently, on the planet, the deyak powers conduct prayers for satellites with victories of circular polarization, the middle of the Russian Federation and the United States. Also, I guess, other transmission technologies are similar. Why? Bula Kholodna Vіyna, I guess, offended lands strategically chose how and how to convey, other lands went out of daily practical mirkuvan. Circular polarization has been developed especially for satellites of spies (which constantly move visually with a poster). Please note that the television and radio stations are similar.
• The structure of the antenna seems to be linear. There are simply no signs of circular or elliptical polarization. Since then - even though there are not many professionals among our readers, like MMANA - if you don’t catch the antenna at the accepted position, turn it 90 degrees at the vipprominuvach area. Polarization changes to vertical. Before the speech, richly someone can be evil and FM, for example, ask more than 4 times.

Spodіvaєmos, they explained to the readers, how to scorch with a fractal antenna. A couple of joys from a simple choice. Otzhe, try to know drіt іz lacquered zakhistom. Zignit figures, as shown in the little one. Let's keep the designers apart, it is recommended to work like this:

1. To clean the stars and darts of the feeder in the areas of stitching. The wire of the feeder for the ear is fastened with bolts on the lining at the middle parts. In order to vikonate the deed correctly, in advance, take an inch and draw two parallel lines with an olive. Uzdovzh them guilty lie down darts.
2. Solder a single structure, resolutely vibrating the stand. The authors of the video recommend vipprominuvach robiti, so that the crowns lie evenly on the feeder, and spiral on the edge of the lining (skin in two places). For zrazka, they commemorated the month with a blue color.
3. In order to vikonate the mind, to attract the skin star in one place with a bolt from a dielectric clamp (for example, from a cambric, a PVA dart is thin). On a small place of embedding, a chervonim is shown for one star. Bolt schematically marking the colo.

Zhivilny cable to pass (neobov'yazkovo) from the turning side. Drill holes for a job. The adjustment of the SWR is carried out by changing the position between the feeder rods, but in this design the sadistic method is used. It is recommended to simply reduce the weak antenna support. Guessing how to fight. You need a generator for the frequency of the program, for example, 500 MHz, a dodatkovo - high-frequency voltmeter, which does not appear before the signal.

Then the voltage is changed, which is seen by the generator, but it is indicated by the voltmeter (in parallel). For a changeable support with a marginally less wet inductance and an antenna, a resistive dilnik is selected (it is connected in series with the generator, the back of the opir, then the antenna). With a voltmeter, we measure the voltage of the changeable resistor, adjusting the nominal value at the same time, until the generator is shown without voltage (div. point higher) does not change the flow. Also, the nominal value of the changeable resistor became equal to the length of the antenna support at a frequency of 500 MHz.

Now you can prepare the transformer in a proper order. It’s hard for merezhі to know the need, for those who like to catch the radio, they know that they’re ready to listen http://www.cqham.ru/tr.htm. On the website it is written that it is painted, how to use a 50-ohm cable. To give respect, the frequencies are in the HF range, the MW is moved here often. Antenna fluctuations are supported in the range of 50 - 200 ohms. Skіlki give a star, to say smoothly. If the government has a device for vimiryuvannya the windy support of the line, we guess: if the feeder’s length is a multiple of four times the length of the wind, the antenna’s support is transmitted without change. For a small and great range, it’s impossible to be safe (guessing that especially fractal antennas can be included in the expansion range), but for the purposes of world fortunetelling, the fact is victorious everywhere.

Readers now know everything about these wonderful priymalny outbuildings. Such an unimaginable form suggests that the diversity of the All-world is not included in the typical framework.

vashtechnik.ru

Effective do-it-yourself TV antenna. DIY TV antenna

To watch TV shows, it's best to connect a TV set to a satellite TV antenna. For some minds, an alternative is cable television. But if you don’t have the ability, or you don’t want to pay for services, you can take it without a cost, though the highest one has the least obligation. It is possible to implement such a beam by connecting the TV set to an individual antenna.

If you live in a distant line of sight to a television window, then to receive an analog and digital television signal, you need to use the simplest room television antenna, the design of which is presented in this article. This TV room antenna is approved for receiving TV programs in the UHF band (470-790 MHz), and when receiving a tight signal, it also receives a signal in the meter band (48.5-100 MHz, 174-230 MHz).

The design of the television antenna is simple and does not require special knowledge for repetition. For the preparation, you need 70 cm of a middling wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm, a piece of double-sided fiberglass, 1.5 m of a coaxial TV cable with a 75 Ohm support and an F-plug.

Instructions for preparing a television UHF antenna

First of all, it is necessary to add a wire of a mid-range dart with a diameter of 2-3 mm of a 70 cm sash. As conductors at the cable, it is necessary to carefully cut the grooves of one conductor, trying not to damage the insulation. Vaughn is not needed for a robotic antenna, insulation is left only for an aesthetic look. Pіdіyde i alyumіnієviy provіd, аlе tоdі to kontaktіv platform transformer, scho uzgodzhuє, yоu happen to arrive for help of threaded connection. To respect, the nut is not to blame for the transformer foil sticking, if it screens, as if it is standing, then it is necessary to lay an insulating washer or to pierce the foil.

If it is done without insulation, then you can put it on a new PVC tube for painting.

Dali wires need to be bent in the ring with a diameter of approximately 220 mm. Here the high accuracy is uncommon. For this good pidide, the mandrel looked like a cebra from a farby, or be it else, the capacity of a vіdpovіdny rozmіru is round.

If the ring for the antenna is ready, you can proceed to the preparation of the other plate of the narrow transformer. The board is prepared for sclerotextolite or foil-coated getinax on two sides, with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a size of 25 × 30 mm. In the photo of the representations, the old looking transformer plate is on both sides.

On this photograph is the negative of the hand-crafted antenna. The width of the streak tracks is 1 mm, the distance between the tracks should be 1.5 mm. Rozmir pay antenna 25x30 mm.

Although it is not possible to make an antenna prepared by a chemical method, it is possible to make it mechanically. For this purpose, it is necessary to remove non-necessary foil boards, stripping only the contact maidanchiks, and the stream-conducting paths to lay out from the mid-range dart with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm, gluing this board, for example, with Moment glue.

For an aesthetic look and improvement of the mechanical strength of the antenna, the transformer is placed in a plastic or metal box;

If all the details of the antenna are ready, you can proceed to the selection of the antenna. To be wound in front of the tin with solder ends of the ring in a box and bend under a straight cut on a 3 mm stand. They were further inserted into the transformer antenna board and soldered with solder for an additional soldering iron.

The antenna board is checked to the bottom of the box and is fixed behind the additional screw and M3 nuts.

A TV cable with a 75 Ohm support of 1.5-1.8 m is pulled through the box. It is necessary to install a television F-rose on one leg in the front, and on the other it is necessary to convert that leg of the wire to another antenna board. The central core of the cable is soldered without a middle to the right end of the ring, and the braid, as shown on the screen, is soldered without a middle to the foil of the antenna.

For the best work

ruscos.ru

Active antenna for UHF reception

Self-contained antennas

Yu. FILICHOV, m. Vilnius, LithuaniaRadio, 2003 rec, No. 2

For reception of TV signals in the UHF range, especially in unfriendly minds, it is necessary to use good antennas with antenna subs, so that the antennas are active. The author of the article speaks about the existence of such antennas.

In the range of UHF, the installation of efficient antenna-feeder systems (AFS) for receiving signals from folding minds has not lost its relevance. Visibly small dozhina tsikh khvil allows you to build highly efficient antennas with evenly small sizes.

After three trials with different antennas, Kharchenko's zigzag-shaped antenna was taken as the basis, shown in Fig. one.

Structurally, in a classic look, the antenna fabric is made up of two identical rhomboid parts, rotated one at a time by 180 °. Otzhe, such an antenna is symmetrical. This particularity allows for the installation of antenna subsidiaries (AU) from a symmetrical entrance and great strengths, for example, plate-like subsidiaries (PAH) SWA and in.

The strength of the zigzag-shaped antenna should lie in the direction of l / λ, and the entrance support - in the direction of l / d and l / λ. The maximum strength is reached when the length is l = 0.375λ, but when it is strongly deposited in the diameter of the dart.

At l \u003d 0.25λ, it is stronger to go out, significantly less, and the fallowness in the diameter of the dart changes.

When changing the kuta, the dimensions of the canvas change. So, if α = 90°, then SH = 2√2l = 2.83l; SE = l√2= 1.41l, and if α = 120°, then SH = 2l; SE = 1.73l. It is necessary to protect the hour of folding of folding APIs (about the order). The main dimensions of the antenna sheet, for example, for the 29th channel of the link in the table. one.

Also, mothers are on the verge and those who, due to the change in the diameter of the dart and the increase in the perimeter of the canvas, are growing stronger. In addition, when choosing a thinner rod, the windage of the antenna changes.

Different constructive antennas may have different input supports (Table 1). Also, different ways are needed to accommodate the symmetrical input of the canvas with the symmetrical input of the AU, which can have an input of 300 ohms. The stench is shown in fig. 2.

With an input support of 300 Ohm AU, you can obviously connect without a middle to points a - a. However, to increase the strength of that straight-lined antenna, the canvas should sound at once from the reflector (it will be discussed below). Therefore, it is better to install the AU behind the reflector, connecting a 300 Ohm symmetrical line with a symmetrical support to the canvas, as shown in Fig. 2,a - for the red line, in fig. 2.6 - for CATV cable or in fig. 2v - for cable RK-150. In the rest of the twist, the braiding of two wires of the cable is soldered to one of the other ones on the ends.

For all types, it is necessary to adjust the shortening coefficient of the line K. For repeated lines from wires (Fig. 2, a) - K \u003d 0.975, for CATV (Fig. 2.6) - K \u003d 0.8, for cable PK-150 (Fig. 2, c) - K = 0.75 ... 0.86 in the fallage according to the type of cable.

It is most convenient (in the author's opinion) to win the canvas from the input support of 75 ohms. In this way, for the sake of convenience, it is possible to put a quarter-width narrow-width transformer with a line with a 150 Ohm support, as shown in fig. 2, m. Vіn utavleniya dvoma vіrіzkami RK-75 cable dozhina 0,25λKn, de n - unpaired number. Coefficient Up to 0.65789 for a cable with polyethylene insulation. Rozmіri transformer given by soldering on the ends of braiding.

The formula for rozrahunku transformer vіdoma:

Ztr = √Zin Zin,

so go out

Ztr \u003d √75 300 \u003d 150 Ohm.

Rozimkneniy uzgodzhuvalny loop, indications in fig. 2, e, and a quarter-wave transformer (Fig. 2, f) allow you to use an AU and an antenna with an input support, which is less than 300 Ohm. For the preparation of a loop of vicorist graphics. The orientation coefficients for the distribution of the loop and the parameters of the quarter-wire transformer are shown in Table. 2. The main power for the loop - Zl \u003d Zsh \u003d 300 Ohm. Expand the loop and the successful line of connection to the spivv_dnosheniya A \u003d B + C.

On fig. 2,d representations of the way to connect the web with Rin = 100 Ohm to the AC with Rin = 300 Ohm, moreover, B = 0.13 K, and C = 0.09 K. іz soft support 300 Ohm. For another type of change (D/d) = 6.11. When vikoristanny drotu with a diameter of 3569 mm, stand between the axes of the wires D = 218 mm. To save the fixed line between the wires, stretch the lines of the transverse rosettes made of high-yield insulating materials, so as not to increase the power in case of influx of an influx of the medium (fluoroplastic, polyethylene, organic slo). Keep in mind that by moving the plume at the points in - and changing the expansion of Z, you can reach a clear image on the TV screen.

A quarter-length transformer can be made from tubes with a diameter of over 10 mm, as in fig. 2, e. With a smaller diameter, the gap between the tubes will be smaller, which will complicate the preparation of the transformer.

Let's aim the butt of the rozrahunka of the canvas for channel 29. At Fіз = 535.25 MHz, we know λіз = 300000 / Fіз = 560.48 mm. Yaxcho Rin = 75 Ohm and α = 90 °, the size of the side of the rhomboid part (div. Table 1) is good l = 0.29λ = 162.5 mm, α (l / d) = 32 .. Also, the diameter of the door of the canvas is good 2.1...5.1 mm. It is possible to fit a 2d wide band, that is 4.2 ... 10.2 mm, from midi or duralumin.

It is significant that all the newborn babies have their data for the 29th channel. Pererahunok on other channels is not foldable: knowing the frequency of the 29th channel to the frequency of the channel, which is determined, multiply by the frequency of the change.

Obviously, the canvas of the antenna, the cream of diamond-shaped parts, can be other forms, for example, zigzag-shaped with strong metal sectors, as shown in fig. 3. Fallow view β linen maє different input opir. For example, at β = 90 ° it is more expensive Rin = 100 Ohm, and at β = 140 ° - Rin = 75 Ohm. Tse vyznaє raznі ways uzgodzhennya canvas z AU. So, the canvas at β = 90° is more wide-width and narrower with a train similar to fig. 2, e. At β = 140 °, the antenna will be larger than the wide-angle one due to the need to install a quarter-width narrow-width transformer in fig. 2, p.

For the preparation of such a canvas, vicorist plates are made of brass 0.3 mm. With the method of changing the windage of the canvas in the skin sector, drill 15-20 openings with a diameter of 5 mm with an evenly divided area.

Razmіri loop for uzgodzhennya for rice. 2, d steps: H = 60 mm, C = 40 mm, braces in - h of the CATV cable can be 224n mm long, de n = 1.2, 3. . 2 g can be 92.18n mm, de n = 1.3.5.7.

For table. 1 you can choose a canvas with 25 props, depending on the visibility of materials or other characteristics.

The diagram of the directness of the antenna sheet (without a reflector) is double-eyed to the “high” type, to which the reflector is fixed in all directions quite effectively, the chips increase the directness of the power and increase the strength of the antenna by approximately 3 dB with a constructive reflector sheet, analogous. However, an effective way to increase the strength of the antenna by about 7 dB is to install a reflex grating or a grid with different mids. The grate / mesh is guilty of buti zvarennoy and mother anti-corrosion coating. Expansion of gratings/grids of the linen buti is 5...10% larger in vertical (Sn) and horizontal (SE) expansion of the web.

Grati/mesh roztashovuyt on the h=100...50 mm behind the canvas fallow in the channel (21-69). The value of h is added to the input opir of the canvas and can be done in a supplementary way to improve all APIs. Changing h when placing gratings on threaded studs, reach a clear image with the least equal noise (“snow”) on the TV screen.

The change of the reflex grid / grid changes the antenna straightness diagram, transforming it into a single-pellet vuzka. As a result, the reception from the side of the reflector significantly weakens, which leads to a shift in APS.

An even greater sbіlshennya spramovavan× dії ta posilennya antena can be reached, yakscho zastosuvat in-phase inclusion of two and more canvases - in-phase grati. Tse allows you to receive transmissions at a significant distance from folding minds. Such antennas are a spear of parallel-connected canvases, spaced horizontally or (i) vertically in one plane.

For example, in Fig. 4 shows the in-phase connection of two canvases with an input support of 150 Ohm, spaced vertically. The image on a small canvas can be used to modify a zigzag-shaped antenna with a kut β = 0 or a different kind of ring. The antenna works well in the UHF range with a diameter of less than 1.5 mm.

Ways to use such antennas with AC can be different. So, in fig. 4 indications option of including two canvases, stitched at the optimal width of 0.7 vertically, with the line of life, connected to the bottom canvas (to the bottom). For a connection between the tops of the vikoristan, a double-wire line is λK. The line is connected with two wires to the RK-75 cable (K = 0.65789). Vaughn is symmetrical that may hvilyovy opіr 150 ohm, which ensures the garne of comfort with the canvas.

As a result of such a parallel connection of two identical canvases, the input opir used AFS at points a - a1 is equal to 75 ohms. The weather outside the AU is crushed by a narrow-width transformer in fig. 2, city let's fix two wires to the RK-75 cable.

For the bottom of the canvases with the central living between them, include two consecutively connected symmetrical lines in fig. 2, in a length of 0.5KhK (184.4 mm behind the soldered braids on the ends), but with the cable RK-75 fixed with braces. With tsomu at the central points - enter the input opir of the antenna 75 ohms. Before them, they connect the same quarter-violet transformer, which is used, which is shown in fig. four.

Similarly vikoristovuyut canvases for fig. 1 with a cut α = 120 °. If such canvases are stuck with a kutom α = 90 °, it is better to separate them horizontally.

In-phase inclusion of three identical canvases in fig. 1 of the central living areas is shown in fig. 5. Take care of the reflex network. The input opir of the skin cloth is close to 100 ohms and slightly lies in the diameter of the dart. For rechecking the boules of vikoristan darts with a diameter of 1.2 [(l / d) \u003d 117] and 2.76 [(l / d) \u003d 51] mm. Razmіri z'jednuvalnyh lines λK to be filled with tі w, as well as vicoristing and іnshі linen z Rin = 100 Ohm (according to Fig. 1 at α = 120 ° or according to Fig. 3 at β = 90 °).

The canvases are connected between themselves in parallel with symmetrical lines with a 100 Ohm fluffy support, fixed with wires to the RK-50 cable with a dovzhina (by soldered sheaths), which is good λK (this is the mind - obov'yazkova!). At the points - at the upper entrance opir of the antenna is 33.3 Ohm. Uzgodzhennya z AU is provided with a quarter-violet transformer with a cable RK-50 (small 2, d) with a length of 277 mm.

The mustache of the canvas is fixed on the plantsi from the organic warehouse with a thickness of 5 mm. Before the reflector and the pins, the plank is fixed with threaded pins at points 0. The reflector mesh (18x18 mm in size) is visible from the antenna fabric on the h = 105 mm, changes by ±15 mm.

As it was said before, the AU is installed behind the reflector on the pins and connected to the canvas at points z - z. The living block (BP) of the AU can be ordered from the TV or the rear wall as shown in fig. 6. A constant voltage of 12 V from the power supply unit should be connected via the RK-75 reduction cable through the attachment, which is connected (RU), switched on as far as fig. 7. The switchgear is composed of inductor L1 and capacitor C2.

Sound PAH types SWA, GPS and also live in low-power PSUs, as they may have different circuit solutions, and most of all not protect against short circuits in navigation. And such a zahist is necessary. In addition, as the reception of television signals is received from different direct lines, for example, on two antennas, the cable switching in the antennas at the input of the TV set introduces a number of ambiguities, moreover, they wear pink roses. Tom bazhano perebachiti їхнє automatically peremicannya.

For the adoption of the appointment of short-lived ones, it was divided into different BP AU. A schematic diagram of one of the options for a power supply unit with relays for automatic switching of antennas is shown in fig. 8. Reception of strong UHF signals secures the A1 antenna without AC, connected to the XW2 socket, and the PSU is switched on. To receive weak signals, the antenna A2 (XW3) is connected to the AC, which when the PSU is turned on.

PSU vmikaetsya when pressed on the button SB1. With the help of relay K1 and the first contact K1.1, block the SB1 button, increasing the power supply unit. Contacts K1.2 connect the antenna A1 and connect the antenna A2 to the TV. The voltage is rectified, which is indicated by the HL2 light diode when the PSU exits to pass to the AU.

With a short zamikannі in the AU or the feeder, the voltage at the output of the power supply unit and strum through the winding K1 of the relay will fall. The relay will allow contacts K1.1, as if the power supply is on. LED HL2 and lamp HL1 go out. Resistor R1 should be selected in such a way that, when the voltage is stabilized at 12V, it is safe to read the relay with a minimum stream through the third winding. Relays can be like, for example, REM47 (passport RF4.500.409). Lamp HL1 (6.3 x 0.28 A) indicates the inclusion of the power supply unit as soon as possible and at the same time serve as a guardian at the primary lance of the transformer T1. Transformer - be it with a voltage on the winding II - 9 ... 11 V. Throttle L1 - also be it, for example, DM-0.6. The KR142EN8B microcircuit ensures a maximum strum of 1.5 A, and it can also protect the water from the strum. Prote BP saves more than 0.1 A, so you can put in a smaller microcircuit, for example, 78L12.

For the reception of signals in the UHF band, the magazine looked at the AU sprat, for example,. Usy stink can input opir 75 ohm. These can be connected with the described antennas from a symmetrical input. For which it is necessary to zastosuvat vіdome uzgozhuvalno simeruchiy pristriy (DCS) on the ferite ring, which is included behind the scheme of Fig. 9,a. Alternatively, you can install the DCS at the U-loop as shown in fig. 9, b. The cable that goes to the AC is to blame but short and short for a length of 0.5λK.

Choosing the place where the antenna is installed, following the memory, that the skin cable meter will lower the signal in the UHF range by 0.16 ... 0.4 dB. Chim thinner cable, tim more vtrat. In the event of residual installation of the AFS, it is necessary to install a new cable, so that until the end of the term of the savings (for 12 years), the extinction coefficient decreases by 30 ... 60%. The cable is shorter to choose a larger high-frequency cable, with a larger diameter of the central conductor. The next step is also to secure the superfluous waterproofing at the soldering points.

LITERATURE

1. Kharchenko K. Zigzag antenna. - Radio, 1961 No. 3; 1999 No. 8.
2. Pakhomov A. SWA antennas. - Radio, 1999, No. 1, p. 10-12.
3. Pakhomov A. New antennas pidsiluvachs. - Radio, 2000, No. 7.
4. Rothammal K. Anteni. - M: Energy, 1969.
5. Nechaev I. Antenna substation UHF on microcircuits. - Radio, 1999, No. 4, p. eight.

radio-uchebnik.ru

Shirokosmugovі simeruyuchi transformers on ferite tubes - Uzgodzhuvalni pristroї. Antenna tuners

The whole food is well-documented in the radio amateur literature and numerical articles, it would have been given without needing further comments.

Ferite transformers on ferite tubes perform a number of functions: transform the opir, balance the streams in the arms of the antenna and adjust the in-phase stream of the braid of the coaxial feeder. The best domestic ferite material for wide-range transformers is ferite grade 600NN, but tubular cores were not made from it.

At the same time, ferite tubes of foreign firms with good characteristics, FRR-4.5 and FRR-9.5 zocrema, which can be expanded dxDxL 4.5x14x27 and 9.5x17.5x35, appeared for sale. The rest of the tubes vikoristovuvalis like reshkodno-important droselіv on cables, scho connect the system blocks of computers with monitors on electronic tubes. Instead, they are massively replaced on matrix monitors, and the old ones are thrown away at once with ferites.

Fig.1. Ferite tubes FRR-9.5

Some of these tubes, folded on two sides, are equivalent to "binoculars", on which it is possible to place the windings of transformers, which overlap all the HF ranges from 160 to 10 m. The tubes are manually creaked at once, wrapped with wide adhesive tape.

Of the various schemes of wide-range transformers, I have become the simplest, with separate windings, turns of which can make additional links for the fluctuation of the wire twisting of the conductor between themselves, which allows a change in the inductance of the fluctuation and for the fluctuation of the work of the upper frequency. One turn vvazhatimemo provid, passing through the open both tubes of "binoculars". Half a turn - wire, stretching through the opening of one binocular tube. Tables have options for transformers, options for pipes.

Tables have options for transformers, options for pipes.

What is the transformation coefficient, then it is more important to take into account a wide range of transmission, and increase the inductance of the windings. It is possible to compensate by connecting the capacitor in parallel to the primary winding, selecting this capacitance according to the minimum SWR at the upper operating frequency.

For windings, call the vicorous wire MGTF-0.5, or more thin, as the number of turns required does not fit in the opening. For a long time, I will need a roaring dart, and I will bring it in with a deaky stock. Carrying out the primary and secondary windings is strongly twisted before winding on the core. In order to open the ferrite without windings, it is better to stretch the coils at the heat-shrinkable tubes according to the diameter of the heat-shrinkable tube, to cut along the back of the “binoculars”, as soon as the winding is completed, sit for the help of a hair dryer. The tightness of the winding turns one to one expands the scope of the transformer and often allows you to turn off the capacitor, which compensates.

The mother’s next step, which the moving transformer can be used as a lowering one, with the same transformation coefficient, so turn it over. The windings, intended for connection to low-resistance supports, need to be wired from the screen "braid" or a number of darts connected in parallel.

Recalibration of the transformer can be carried out for the help of the KVV vimiruvach, by changing it to a non-inductive resistor of the same rating. Mezhі smugi vynachayutsya for admissible equal SWR, for example, 1.1. Vmiryati waste, which is introduced by a transformer, can be weakened by a path, which can be introduced by two identical transformers, connected in series, so that input and output are small opir 50 Ohm. Don't forget to subtract the result by two.

It is more important to evaluate the other characteristics of the transformer. For whom one needs a pidsiluvach and an equivalent of a vanity, a building vitrimuvat and a necessary tension. The same scheme with two transformers is victorious. Vimiryuvannya carried out at the lower operating frequency. Step by step raise the tension CW and raise it approximately to the quill, indicating the temperature of the ferrite by hand. Riven, for some ferit for the whilin, it starts to heat up a little, to take into account the maximum allowable of this transformer. On the right, in the fact that when working, not on an equivalent voltage, but on a real antenna, which has a reactive warehouse input impedance, the transformer transmits reactive power, as a magnetic core can be used and additional heating can be added.

The drawings show examples of practical designs. In Fig. 5 - a transformer, which can be two types: 200 and 300 ohms.

Fig.2. Transformer 50:110

Fig.3. Transformer 50:200

Fig.4. Transformer 50:300

Fig.5. Transformer 50: 200/300

Transformers can be placed on a different size of a different board, protecting them from falling off in any practical way.

Vladislav Shcherbakov, RU3ARJ info - http://cqmrk.ru