What is an adapter and a graphic accelerator. Graphic accelerators. TOP10. What is a keyboard

We present ten years of "video hits" in "Home PC". We chose twenty graphics accelerators from ATI and NVidia to choose the best ones from them. Obviously, swidcode is not the only criterion that we look for when buying a video card, but also the price. I am obov'yazkovo discussable this aspect, looking at the skin model at a glance purchase.

change model rows guides of virobniks, but our leaders are left with fasts. Among high-class graphics accelerators, we have the greatest enthusiasm, like before, for the Radeon 9700, which provides the best value for productivity. Representatives of the new Radeon 9600 and GeForceFX 5600 series did not live up to our hopes: for a performance close to that of the Radeon 9700, the stench is seriously running on the firmware. And that means that the middle class has less GeForce4 Ti4200 for us - still get a Swiss for your pennies, even though it's morally outdated. Well, let's talk about budget video cards - there are revolutionary changes: the young representative of the new line of NVidia has gained new functionality. Volodiyuchi support DirectX 9, GeForceFX 5200 128 MB becomes a new leader in this class.

Ten types ATI

Radeon 9800 Pro 128 MB

A new top model like ATI, which has three perfect architecture in the radeon 9700 Pro, as well as increased core frequencies and memory. In the latest gaming programs, the performance of the Radeon 9800 Pro is mainly ensured by clock frequencies, and new technologies implemented in this chip are aimed at future games with thinner visual effects. Hiring the high price of the Radeon 9800 Pro (over $400), we would not hurry to buy and buy the GeForceFX 5900 series, as much as possible and protest against it.

Radeon 9700 Pro 128 MB

Club-3D Radeon 9800 Pro

Tyan Radeon 9700 Pro

Sapphire Radeon 9600

With the advent of the new flagship Radeon 9700 Pro, the transition to an affordable price category, we’ll add an option to work with it. With such productivity and support for DirectX 9, the Radeon 9700 Pro simply cannot, and in the next hour there will be no competitors among graphics accelerators with a capacity of up to $300.

Radeon 9700 128 MB

As before, the best purchase of medium high-performance video cards. At the same time, the price for the Radeon 9700 Pro is $300, while the price of the Radeon 9700 is $200. Well, I know, judging by the results of testing, I can get up to $ 250 from NVidia graphics accelerators to get "no order". The same goes for the Radeon 9600 Pro video cards, despite the fact that the Radeon 9700 did not go far for the price.

Radeon 9600 Pro 128 MB

This graphic accelerator has arrived on the territory of the Radeon 9500 Pro, and it is impossible to say that the change is far away. The Radeon 9500 Pro is more pipelined and cooler than the Radeon 9700 with less memory bus capacity - 128 bits versus 256. Now the Radeon 9600 Pro can do all kinds of pipelines, and you can't compensate for the clock frequency. As it has already been mentioned, for a price close to $200, the Radeon 9600 Pro has no chance against the Radeon 9700.

Radeon 9500 128 MB

These video cards are good for us in front of them, which require software modifications at least to the Radeon 9500 Pro. Mayuchi "on the paper" chotirma conveyors, in fact, the stench may be everywhere. In order to make a backup, you need the RivaTuner utility. However, in the middle of the conveyor, which was discovered, with great imitation, defects can appear, so here you need either spring, or a special recommendation from the seller (reasonably, not without cost).

One more thing: even the Radeon 9500 128 MB has a memory chip for the beast and a right-handed graphic chip, then, there can be a 256-bit memory bus and as a whole it can turn into a Radeon 9700. the bus is 128-bit and the productivity of such a Radeon 9500 128 MB is hardly comparable to the 64-megabyte model.

Radeon 9500 64 MB

A video card with a 128-bit memory bus can be fully converted to a 64-megabyte Radeon 9500 Pro using the additional RivaTuner utility. Meanwhile, the price for it is not richly lower, lower for the 128-megabyte version of the Radeon 9500, so the purchase is not worth it.

Radeon 9100 128 MB

The most famous graphics accelerator among the young representatives of Radeon. Vіn volodіє dva blocks teksturuvannya on dermal z chotirioh konveєrіv, scho beneficially signifies on the results. 3DMark03 has a low score because the board doesn't support DirectX 9, so it won't pass the gaming test. Well, it's only possible to compete with the GeForceFX 5200 series.

Radeon 9000 Pro 128 MB

A long time for the Radeon 9000 Pro graphics card best option in the economy class, but now they have a terrible supernik GeForceFX 5200 128 MB. May be similar to svidkodiya, the rest may not be successful - supporting DirectX 9. The only chance to "survive" for the Radeon 9000 Pro 128 MB is to save the price of the GeForceFX 5200 128 MB for $20.

Radeon 9200 128 MB

One more example of what can be called tempting and tempting is the newfangled AGP 8X interface. Vlasne, this video card is not affected by anything else like the Radeon 9000, and therefore it’s not worth overpaying for it for every penny ... it’s not equipped with additional multimedia capabilities, as we have protested.

Radeon 9000 64 MB

Nizhchi clock frequency lower for Radeon 9000 Pro, and apparently lower results. Tsikavo, that 64 MB turned out to be enough for other graphic accelerators for the passage of Splinter Cell with maximum lashings yakosti. It seems that the use of video memory 128 MB is not a luxury, but becomes a life necessity.

Ten types of NVidia

GeForceFX 5800 128 MB

Цей графічний акселератор можна сприймати як прообраз GeForceFX 5900. Саме GeForceFX 5900 буде поставлятися у великих об'ємах, і в його обличчі ми отримаємо продукт набагато привабливіше, ніж GeForceFX 5800. Крім поліпшеного швидкодії, При правильній ціні 5900 серія складе серйозну конкуренцію Radeon 9800 Pro .

GeForce4 Ti4600/4800 128 MB

ASUS GeForceFX 5800

Gainward GeForceFX 5600 Ultra

MSI GeForceFX 5200

Representatives of the GeForce4 Ti line in our rankings are in line with the GeForceFX 5800 and all outperform the GeForceFX 5600 Ultra. A tight picture emerges: the middle class in NVidia is dominated by video cards, which can not be supported by DirectX 9 support (why, damn it, the results are low in 3DMark03).

The GeForce4 Ti4800 works like the Ti4600 only with an AGP 8X interface, which doesn't even work on the SWIDCODE. At prices over $200, the video cards don't stand a chance against the Radeon 9700.

GeForce4 Ti4800SE 64 MB

We called for a quick SE (Special Edition) as a sign that the product is perfect. ale in to this particular type SE to tell about directly opposite. GeForce4 Ti4800SE video cards are nothing like GeForce4 Ti4400 with AGP 8X. Obviously, the clock speeds and swidcode are much lower, lower for the GeForce4 Ti4600/4800. Prote prices for such video cards are more suitable, and yet they appear to be a shorter version, lower GeForce4 Ti4200 128 MB

GeForce4 Ti4200 128 MB

Our hit parade has such a graphical accelerator of the GeForceFX 5600 Ultra, which can boost the performance. And yet more swidcode is important for the introduction of exotic (for the time being) graphic technologies. In addition, for modern video cards, the efficiency of the work of the functions of full-screen smoothing and anisotropic filtering is not critical. The stench is already not too fast in today's games, the butt of which is the result in Splinter Cell. We are talking about the GeForce4 Ti4200, for a price of up to $140, it is more common to buy middle-class graphics accelerators like NVidia and ATI cards up to $200.

GeForceFX 5600 Ultra 128 MB

Enough has already been said about this video card. At a price of over $200, you won't be able to click on a pair of GeForce4 Ti4200. Support for DirectX 9, as well as the efficient operation of the functions that populate the image, are not taken to the point of respect here: it’s too good for your money.

GeForceFX 5600 128 MB

The situation of the flooring is deplorable, as with the Ultra version, even though the price for it is not lower than $ 150, which will not be seen soon. However, ATI does not do much better in this price range, and in this way the $150 to $200 niche is left unoccupied: enthusiasts with a low budget to buy a GeForce4 Ti4200, and more opportunities - a Radeon 9700.

GeForceFX 5200 128 MB

The leading contender for panuvannya in the category up to $100. Although the Radeon 9100 and Radeon 9000 Pro appear to be three times smaller, the difference between them is negligible in terms of functionality: GeForceFX 5200 supports DirectX 9 in support of them. new graphics Ale, I would like a slide show with beautiful pictures to go and marvel at.

GeForceFX 5200 64 MB (128 bit)

Up to the price of a video card, you can completely put everything said on the drive of a 128-megabyte model, it’s less than the price bar, so you need to fix it to get success on the market, we’ll put in close to $ 80.

Video adapter - the whole electronic board, how to process the video (text and graphics) and how the display works. Remove video memory, register the input of the BIOS module. Sends warning signals to the display and changes the signal to fire the image .

Biggest extensions of the video adapter for today SVGA adapter(Super Video Graphics Array - super videographic array), which can be displayed on the display screen 1280x1024pixels at 256 colors and 1024x768 pixels at 16 million colors.

With the increase in the number of add-ons, which are designed to convert graphics and video, in order of traditional video adapters, various variations are widely used add-on computer processing of video signals:

Rice. 2.12. Graphic accelerator

 Graphic accelerators (prikoryuvachі) – specialized graphic artists spivprocessor, that increase the efficiency of the video system. Їх zastosuvannya zvіlnyає the central processor in the form of a great obligatory operation іz vіdeodanimi, oskolki accelerators independently count, like pixels appear on the screen and like colors.

 Frame grabbery , yaki allow you to display on the computer screen a video signal from a video recorder, camera, laser programmer, etc. Get the required frame for the riddle and save this file for a year.

 TV tuners - video payment, which transforms a computer into a TV set. TV-tuner allows you to select whether you need a TV program and display it on the screen at the window that is scaled. In this rank, you can follow the transmission overshoot without attaching to the robot.

2.13. Keyboard

Computer keyboard - Attachment for entering information into the computer and giving signals to control. Mistit the standard dialing of the keys of the Drukarska typewriter and the deuce of the additional keys - the key and function keys, the keys of the cursor and the small numeric keypad.

The symbols that are typed on the keyboard are displayed incorrectly on the monitor at the position of the cursor ( cursor- The symbol on the monitor screen will light up, which indicates the position, the next sign will appear on the screen, which is entered from the keyboard).

The most expanded today keyboard with key layout qwerty(it reads "a quarter"), it is named after the keys, ruffled at the top left row of the alphanumeric part of the keyboard:

Rice. 2.13. Computer keyboard

This keyboard can 12 function keys, roztashovani vzdovzh upper edge. Onslaught function keys produce one symbol before sending it to the computer, but a whole bunch of symbols. Functional keys can be programmed with a hard case. For example, in rich programs for otrimannya help (tip) zadiya key F1, and to exit the program - the key F10.

Key keys Mayut such a confession:

Small numeric keypad vikoristovuetsya in two modes - entering numbers and cursor control. Switch between modes by pressing the button Num Lock.

Keyboard to avenge awakenings microcontroller (mistsevy pristry keruvannya), which vikonu such functions:

sequentially learn the keys, reading the introductions of the signal and vibrating double scan code keys;

illuminated by light indicators of the keyboard;

carry out internal diagnostics of malfunctions;

interact with the central processor through input port keyboards.

Keyboard may wake up buffer- intermediate memory of the small rozmіru, where the entered symbols are located. When the buffer is overflowed, the pressing keys are accompanied by a sound signal - this means that the character is not entered (switched out). The keyboard operation is supported by special programs, "protected" in BIOS, as well as driver keyboards, which ensure the possibility of introducing Russian letters, ensuring the speed of the work of the keyboard and other.

History

One of the first graphic adapters for the IBM PC was the MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) in roci. Vіn pratsyuvav only in text mode with razdіlnoyu zdatnіstyu 80x25 symbols (physically 720х350 pixels) and subtrimuvav five attributes in the text: sig- nificant , eloquent, inverted, sub-chords and blinking. No color scheme graphic information Vіn transfer not a moment, and those, which color will be the letters, were assigned to the model of the monitor, which was victorious. Ring out the stench of the buli black-white, Burshtin's chi emeralds. The Hercules company released a development of the MDA adapter, the graphics video adapter allowed 720 × 348 pixels and rendered two graphics sides. Ale wine is not yet allowed to practice with color.

IBM became the first color video card and became the basis of the upcoming video card standards. Vaughn could work either in text mode with resolutions of 40x25 and 80x25 (symbol matrix - 8x8), or in graphic mode with resolutions of 320x200 or 640x200. For text modes, 256 attributes are available for the symbol - 16 colors for the symbol and 16 colors for the background (or 8 colors for the background and the blink attribute), for the graphic mode 320 × 200, there was a choice of palettes available for the colors of the skin, the mode high permission 640×200 letters monochrome. At the rosettes of tsієї cards appeared

Please note that the interface with the monitor of all types of video adapters is digital, MDA and HGC transmitted only to light up or not to light up the dot and an additional signal of brightness for the attribute text “hex”, similar to CGA on three channels (red, green, blue) transmitting the main video signal, and intermittently transmit a clearness signal (there were 16 colors in total), EGA maw on two lines of transmission to the skin from the main colors, so that the main color of the skin can be displayed in full brightness, 2/3, or 1/3 in the skin which gave a total of 64 colors maximum.

Early models of computers like IBM PS / 2 have a new graphics adapter (comes from AMD in 2006)

Specializations

Other virobniks

• PNY Technologies (NVIDIA partner)
• 3dfx (NVidia ban)
• XGI Technology Inc. (pridban ATI in 2006)

Literature

• Scott Mueller Upgrading and Repairing PCs. - 17 species. - M: Williams, 2007. - S. 889-970 . - ISBN 0-7897-3404-4

Video adapter and monitor standards
Video adapters
MDA | CGA | PGC | MCGA | |
VGA | XGA | XGA+ | SXGA+ |
Widescreen options
WXGA | WSXGA/WXGA+ |

We all remember the legendary Truckers 1 and 2 parts, as I literally take it to heart, today we will figure out how to run Truckers 2 on Windows 8.1, 10, 7, 8 x32 and x64 bit machines. As a gra vilitaє and viskakuє pardon not varto lie to the police with an old laptop, read this help book to the end.

The city is old, but the knowledgeable lovers turn to it again and again independently, for all configs and engines were written in the old way, stars and pardons. In this mode, the program lays on the appearance of a graphical scribbler, it’s quite a mess, think a lot of someone at all modern computers¾ video cards, and the game is launched on a new Intel system.

How to fix the graphic accelerator problem and run the game

We pass for sending to Yandex disk and zavantazhuemo archives dgVoodoo2_44.rar.
For the gree, we need to capture the archives dgVoodoo2_44.rar. All necessary ".dll" files and dgVoodooSetup.exe for more fine tuning are included.

The axis looks like the interface of the running program:

Let's go through briefly for the main adjustments:

• Select your video card from the "Adapter to use" tab.
• Full screen for full screen mode, Windowed for full screen mode.
• Below on the Color adjustments you can set the brightness and intensity of the color.
• To remember the size of your screen, go to the Glide tab and in the Resolution row, change the size of your screen.

The axis of the main points, in order to be safe, try to install in the authorities the label of the game “Sumistness”, “Surgency Mode” from Windows XP SP2, here you can experiment. When starting, right-click and "Run as Administrator".

Visnovok

I'm sorry you got it right "Your computer does not have a graphic accelerator" in Long Distance Trucks 2. For all those who have problems or the game did not start lower, we present a video with a solution to the problem. If you can't install Long Rangers 2 on Windows 7.10 - write in the comments and we will write report aid by installation. Acceptance trips.

(8 marks, average: 4,38 іz 5)

Talking: 5 comments

Everything went well for me at 10-64. So far I don’t know how stable it is. One kasyak: at the boards of the smuga milov, the principle is not to give їhati. there are no streaks there.

Audio adapter(Sound Blaster or sound card) is a special electronic card that allows you to record sound, create something software for the help of a microphone, headphones, speakers, a built-in synthesizer and other equipment.

The audio adapter will have two conversion information:

analog-to-digital, which I change without interruption (tobto analog) sound signals(movie, music, noise) to digital double code she records yoga on a magnetic nose;

· Digital-analogue, which viconizes the transformation of the saved into digital look sound in analog signal, which is then done for help acoustic system, synthesizer sound or headphones.

Professional sound boards allow you to fold the sound, secure the stereo sound, play in the air with hundreds of timbres of the sound of various musical instruments, which are saved in the new.

Sound files can be heard even more widely. Yes, trihvilinny sound file The stereo sound takes up approximately 30 MB of memory. So pay Sound Blaster, around its main functions, to automatically compress files.

Sound card jamming area computer games, initially software systems, advertising presentations, "voice mail" (voice mail) between computers, sounding of various processes that are involved in the computer setup, such as the use of paper in printers, etc.

Video adapter- the whole electronic board, how to process the video (text and graphics) and how the display works. Remove video memory, register the input of the BIOS module. Forces into the display the signals of the correction and the change of the signals of the fire of the image.

The biggest extension of the video adapter today is the SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) adapter, which can be displayed on the display screen 1280x1024 pixels at 256 colors and 1024x768 pixels at 16 million colors.

With the increase in the number of add-ons that can be combined with graphics and video, a number of traditional video adapters are widely used with various computer-aided processing of video signals:

Rice. 12. Graphic accelerator

Graphic accelerators(Priskoryuvachі) - specialization of graphic processors, which increase the efficiency of the video system. Їхнє zastosuvannya zvіlnyає central processor Because of the great commitment to operations with video data, the fact that the accelerators independently count, like pixels on the screen and like colors.

Frame grabbery, as they allow you to display on the computer screen a video signal from a video recorder, camera, laser programmer, just to save the necessary frame from memory and save it for a year from viewing the file.