How to read electric circuits of cars Reading electrical diagrams. The voltage is the force of the struma

The failure of the electronic components of a modern car can lead to new zneshkozhennya. Good, as if you were trapping your booth chi robots, but if you are trapping on the highway or in nature - such a breakdown can cost you dearly: as in the plan of pennies, so in the plan of the spent hour and navit (I guess, it’s not like this) I'm healthy!

Why is it embarrassing in autoelectricity

Forget that you don’t have a technical warehouse of mind, but your income allows you not to worry about such worldly rubbish - replacing the great zabіzhnik that you burn, at the long way, allow you to significantly ease your life. I’m not even talking about those vipadki, if the service is changed, without worrying about the problems of your car, they call you to change all the sensors after sleep, looking at the “carousel” a lot of pennies (which, to the point, sometimes does not guarantee a positive result). Therefore, I admonish you not to get back earlier than an hour and try to independently diagnose the breakdown of your car, and for whom it would be inappropriate to use the hand of an electrical circuit, and more headily - remember to read and understand.

Wiring diagrams? - Find out about schoolboy!

Having studied the principle of the electrical circuit of a car, I understand that the principles of this principle will induce the recognition of these elements in standardization, and those elements, which are present in all cars, are indicated, however, independently from the model of the car. Do it once, how to read such wiring diagrams, and you can easily figure out what is shown on it, so you can first get a specific circuit for a particular car and you have never climbed a new one under the hood.

The graphic designations of the elements of the scheme can be slightly changed, before that there are black and white options for viconnance and color. Ale, the letters of the letter are skrіz the same. Crim of important electronic circuits is the basis of the mother of the circuit, on which it is indicated physically roztashuvannya (in space) on the body of various harnesses, roses and a grounding point - to help you know how to know them. Again, let's take a look at examples of such schemes, and then let's proceed to the description of their elements.

On the principle scheme, it is not physically assigned to the mutual separation of elements, it is only shown how these elements are connected to each other. It is important to understand that two elements on such a diagram are instructed one by one - on the body itself, the stench can be familiar from different places.

Schematic layout of electrical components on the body

Such a scheme carried another type of information: the routing of cable kits and the approximate distribution of roses on the body.

Trivimirna exact diagram of the distribution of electrical components in a car

There are also schemes, which show exactly how and where to pass cable routes in the body of a car, as well as grounding points.

Standard elements of the principle scheme of a car

Let's get started, nareshti, looking at the elements of the scheme and learn how to read.

Standard lances of life and air of elements

Lances of life - the elements of the circuit that transmit the stream, are depicted by lines: at the upper part of the circuit, there are lances with a positive potential ("plus" of the battery), and at the bottom - with zero, tobto. earth (or the "minus" of the battery).

Deyakі droti also may be digitally identified at the place of connection to the annex, but digitally notation allows you not to simply designate the signs, the stars in the ID. QI oznachennya ob'ednani at the standard DIN 72552(often twisted values):

For clarity, the connection between the elements on the color schemes is depicted with different colors, which match the colors of the wires, and on the current schemes it is also indicated to cut the wire. On black and white schemes, the colors are indicated by letters:

Sometimes it is possible to use an empty column at the vuzli - it means that it should be deposited in the configuration of the car, the line with which, as a rule, signed.

Significance of roses on the wiring diagram - connectors

The wires in the car electrical wiring are wired in decalcom ways, and one of them is rose (Connector). Poznachayutsya pink letter "C" and serial number. On the little one, you are angry with a schematic image of the day of the farmer's drota through roses. Vzagali, it's better to say not "pin number 2", a "terminal №2" As soon as you understand in the scheme you understand, then now you know that the serial number of the contact (contact) is in roses.

Well, on this little one you can see how the contacts are numbered in roses and how it’s right to rahuvat, to recognize, de kaky pin. Contacts are numbered from the side "mami" from the upper kut zliv to the right row. From the side of the tata, visibly, mirror-like.

Before speech, on the rich forums of car roses, I sometimes call them “chips”, there is no such “etymology” for cool people. As you know, you guessed, the stars were given such a name, write in the comments, do not hesitate.

Throttling in a car - good pads (Splice)

Krym roz'єmіv (Connectors) darts in the car are connected for an additional package of jumpers or good pads (in the electrical circuits in English - Splice). Successful pads are indicated, as if you are looking for a baby, with the letter “S” and a serial number, for example: S202, S301.

In some electrical circuits, there is a description of the skin pad and a description of the darts that are brought up to it. The head of the rice block (Splice) is a rose (Connector) in the fact that a group of wires is connected: - one input wire for that group of outdoor supporters, as a rule, is the cost of life.

Significance of guards on electrical circuits

Another element of the electrical circuit that transmits energy is a protector. Guards in the car have two signs: Ef - zapobіzhnik at the engine license(engine fuse) F (fuse) - guard at the passenger compartment of the car. Like in other cases, after the order number of the beneficiary and the face value of the strum (in Amperes) are indicated, for which type of insurance. Usі zapobіzhniki roztashovanі order - at blocks zapobіzhnikіv that relay.

Designation of automotive relays: pinout, contacts

The car relay may sound 4 or 5 contacts, so that it can use the standard numbering (alternatively, it will also turn off if the numbering is not possible). Two contacts have their own managers: 85 and 86, otherwise they switch the contacts, which pass through the significant streams. Relays, like guards, are mainly installed in blocks under the hood and in salons, but there are some drops of overhead mounting of relays in any untransferred area, especially when installed independently.

Smart identification of car sensors on diagrams

1. Idle speed sensor (DXX)
2. Electronic block keruvannya (ECU) dvigunom
3. Coolant temperature sensor
4. Throttle position sensor (TPS)
5. Absolute pressure sensor at the intake manifold (DAP)
6. Pressure sensor in the air conditioning system
7. Temperature sensor at the intake manifold

On the diagram above, not all sensors are presented, which can be in a car. Smartly recognized sensors can also be rebuilt, but the stench sounds like signatures, like all other elements that convert energy into an electric vehicle.

Smarter understanding of folding elements on car diagrams - apply diagrams

Now we can look at how folding and non-standard elements are indicated on the electrical circuit, such as: a starter, a pickling coil and others, and we can put a spear of butt circuits on which stench is depicted. In different schemes, the representation of such elements can be changed, but the elements are always signed and intuitively embossed, the lower it will be to direct only the deuce of them, otherwise the article will be stretched out for a long time.

1. Rechargeable battery (battery)
2. Lightning Castle
3. Combination of devices
4. Vimikach
5. Starter
6. Generator

If you remember the high school course in physics, then you will know in the diagrams presented above, you already know the meaning, for example, an electric motor, a diode, a key, an element of life, a heating lamp. Qi, known to the skin, intelligence helps to understand the senses and recognition of accessories at the side of the vehicle that transform electricity.

1. Cot zalyuvannya
2. Engine control electronics (ECU)
3. Crankshaft position sensor

On this scheme, such a folding element of the scheme is already shown as a control unit or a controller. The leather element of the car's merchandise, which has microcircuits or transistor keys in its warehouse, is indicated by the icon from the image of the transistor. I turn your respect to those that are in my butt, far from all the images of the EBU are depicted - only those, which you need on your own scheme. In the diagrams below, you can also see the image of the ECU.

1. Block keruvannya dvigun (EBU)
2. Octane corrector
3. Electric motor (in this case - gasoline pump)
4. Acid concentration sensor

On this diagram, the ECU is again depicted, but also with smaller visnovki, before speech, behind the inscribed keys on the ECU, you can understand how the controller functions in this way: locking the data line to the ground, then powering the elements, connecting the plus to this arrow battery.

1. Solenoid valve for recirculation of exhaust gases
2. two way valve
3. gravity valve
4. Combination of devices
5. Electronic block keruvannya dvigunom
6. Speed ​​sensor

On this butt, the diagrams are drawn from the images of the valves, please take care that the contacts are numbered at the two-way valve, to see the other ones. On the image of the sensor, there is a transistor, and also in the element there is a heating element.

1. Permikach zvnіshny osvіtlennya
2. Switching indicator in turn
3. Headlight range switch
4. Left headlight corrector
5. Lіva car headlight
6. Right headlight corrector
7. Right car headlight

On this scheme, the elements of car lighting are shown. Such foldable jumpers have a lock for lighting, or a jumper for outdoor lighting has a set of contacts, between which, in different positions of the jumper, the strum is switched. It is well seen on the scheme, in which switching mode the contacts are connected.

Auto electrics? Easier than simple!

Otzhe, we looked at you the widest elements of electrical circuits of cars, looked at how the stench is depicted on the diagrams and how the key features are present. I am very happy that this article taught you something, or it taught you about a difficult situation with a car breakdown. If you have a winickle of food, it would be wonderful, if you write in the comments under this article. Wishing you all the great success on the roads and let's keep up the upcoming articles about auto electrics!

If you don’t save the headlights on a special car when you go fishing with a rapt night, the deaks of water grab your head. They can't read the wiring diagrams of a car a breakdown of this kind will soon become an intractable problem. For reasons of literacy and reading electrical circuits, it is not just a bug, but a necessity for a normal fair horse.

See wiring diagrams

Learn to understand everything unknown. To learn how to read electrical principles and diagrams, to find out what stinks are and what you need. Main view axis:

The type of such images is determined by recognition. For example, for selection, one plan is needed, for understanding the principle of dії - another, for repair - the third and so on.

Smart designations

Stuck upside down from the electrical circuit, a novice might think that he has a Chinese letter in front of him. However, having mastered the basic knowledge of that principle, you will soon be able to read electrical circuits for the first time. First of all, they are associated with the main parts of whether there is any documentation of such a shtibu. There are three groups of storage elements behind the functions:

For all warehouse electric lanterns, a clever designation was invented. The badges are placed in this order, like the stench of electrical wiring, and not literally. So two light bulbs can be placed on the handrails, and on the diagram - in the prolezhny one in one part. Elements that come with one lancet strain are called a gullet. The stench is tied up with knots. The knots on the scheme are seen as dots. Closed circuits can avenge sprats. The simplest electrical circuits - Tse image of single-circuit lances. Nayskladnіshі - rich contours.

For the deciphering of the clever signs, they are corrugated by special clues. Krіm umovnyh znachenen, on the diagrams write explanations and instructions for marking the victorious electric control and details.

Reading order

Vlasne, the circuit diagram is the same chair. On it, for the help of the mental designation, an attachment of electric power is depicted. Knowing the basic principles of such an armchair and intelligence, you can learn to read electrical circuits. For pochatkіvtsіv tse those that are necessary. So, it’s easier to train on simple chairs, lower on quiet ones, de showing all the details.

For the correct reading of the schemes, a simple algorithm should be mastered, which will help you not to reveal important details. Axis sequence of wiring diagram:

It is very important to understand such circuits for an electrician. However, knowing Asia, stench can perform a simple repair of electrical equipment, vikoristovuyuchi electrical circuit of your car.

Daedals more than today's cars are becoming a fair collection of electronic appliances. Even with greater comfort and in cars, there are a large number of different accessories and control devices. All the maintenance of the electrical part of the car will require you to read the electrical diagrams. In these articles, we will tell you what electrical circuits are, for which you need to read them, and we will tell you about the main signs.

What is an electronic circuit?

Electrical diagram with graphic (on paper) images of special symbols and pictograms, which may be parallel or subsequent to the day. The scheme does not in any way show the true image of the totality of objects, it only shows their connections between themselves. In such a rank, to know how to read the diagrams correctly, you can understand the principles of what else I will add to the system of extensions.

Practically on all electrical circuits there are such objects:

• Dzherelo livelihood. So it's a generator.
• Explorers - darts, for the help of some zdijsnyuєtsya transfer of electrical energy lanceug.
• Equipment keruvannya- all attachments, designated for the mic or mic of an electric stake, which may be present or present in the circuit.
• Saving electrical energy i - all accessories or attachments, yakі zdіysnyuyut transformation of the electric stream to a different type of energy. For example, a smoker converts an electric jet into thermal energy.

Need to read electrical schematics?

Such knowledge was not necessary for the masters of the first automobiles. On the right, in the fact that the electrical installation was cold, it made it easy to remember the links of the elements of the lancet and to remember all the darts. On the right - modern cars, demounting a large number of electrical appliances and accessories. The axis here is an electrical circuit that needs to be obov'yazkovo.

If you read the diagram, you may need it for an hour of operation of any car. It will help you to easily know that you have to fix other inaccuracies connected with that other electric appliance. Even diagnostics of malfunctions and then further repairs can cost a lot of money. Why not work independently?

In another case, knowing the circuit will help you when connecting new electrical appliances. With the help of water, the scheme helps to install the signalization, auto-run and accessories of other outbuildings, de-connection to the onboard railing of the car and equipment.

A lot of water is important to connect the lanyard of the trailer to the electric wire of the car. Knowing the elements of the scheme will help you quickly know the inadequacy and її promptly resolve.

Video - How to read the scheme of the car

Clarification on the wiring diagrams of a car

The understanding of electrical circuits is nothing foldable. In order to understand, it is necessary for the mother to have a minimum knowledge about the electric stream.

As you can see, the strum is the order of the ordering of the charge of the particles by the conductors of the electric strum. The role of conductors is played by different colors of darts, which are indicated on the diagram as straight lines. The color of the line is guilty of obov'yazkovo to confirm the color of the wires to the truth. Itself tse and dopomogaє rozіbratisya vodієvі z tovstmi jgutami drotіv that not to get lost.

Various contact details are indicated for additional special numbers, such as on the scheme, and in the months of the day. As a rule, such numbers, in a general language order, can be used to make a relay that can be used to make anonymous contacts. The elements of the electric stake on the scheme are signed for additional numbers. At the bottom of the diagram, in front of the table, a special decipherment of these numbers is displayed, as if the name of the lanceg element is displayed.

Probably. Reading electrical diagrams is easier to do. Golovne correctly vzaєmodіyati with mental signs and understand the symptoms of a malfunction, so that at the same time it correctly identifies the number and place of the malfunction on the diagram.

The skin electrical circuit is made up of impersonal elements, which also include various details in its design. Naibіlsh yaskravim butt є pobutovі priladi. The first step is made up of a heating element, a temperature regulator, a control light, a heater, a plug and a plug. Other electrical appliances may have a more foldable design, supplemented with different relays, automatic switches, electric motors, transformers and a wealth of other details. Between them, an electrical connection is created, which ensures the mutual interaction of all elements and the dermal attachment of its recognition.

Power is often blamed on the connection, as you learn to read electrical circuits, and all warehouses look like clever graphic designations. This problem can be of great importance for those who regularly deal with electrical installations. The correct reading of the schemes gives the opportunity to understand how the elements interact with each other like and flow through all the working processes.

See electrical diagrams

In order to properly deal with electrical circuits, it is necessary to be familiar with the basic concepts and concepts that are relevant to this area.

Whether the scheme is conjured up at the sight of a graphic image or an armchair, on which all the links of an electric lancet are seen at the same time. Іsnuyut raznі see electric circuits, scho vіdіznyayutsya for their purposeful recognition. They include primary and secondary lances, signaling systems, protection, control and others. In addition, principles and principles are widely used and broadly developed. The skin has its own specific features.

Lances are seen before the first ones, with which the main technological voltages are supplied without intermediary power to support or receive electricity. Primary lances oscillate, transform, transmit and distribute electrical energy. The stench is formed from the main scheme of the lancers, which ensure the health of the consumer. Lances of the head circuit vibrate, reshape and reshape the main flow of electricity. Lantsyugi for needs ensure the operation of the main electrical installation. Through them, the voltage is supplied to the electric motors of the installations, the lighting system and other yards.

Secondary vvazhayutsya lantsyugi, in which the voltage, which is supplied, does not exceed 1 kilowatt. The stench will take care of the functions of automation, management, protection, dispatching services. Through secondary lances, control is established, vimiryuvannya that form of electricity. Knowing these authorities will help you learn how to read electrical circuits.

Povnolіnіyni schemes vikoristovuyut in triphasic lancers. The stench is electrically adjustable, connected to all three phases. On single-line diagrams, the installation is shown, the placement is only in one middle phase. Tsya vіdminnіst obov'yazkovo vkazuєtsya on the scheme.

On important schemes, other row elements are not indicated, as they represent the main functions. For the light of this image, we become simpler, allowing us to better understand the principle of divinity of all possession. Wiring diagrams, on the other hand, are more often reported, shards of stench are victorious for the practical installation of all elements of the electrical system. Before them, one-line diagrams are seen, which are displayed without interruption on the daily plan of the facility, as well as cable route diagrams at once from transformer substations and sub-points, applied to the master plan.

In the process of installation, that adjustment of a wide width, naboules were flared up with schemes with secondary lances. They show additional functional subgroups of lancers, related to those who are included and to the other, to the individual defender, whether they are a dilyanka or another.

Designation in electrical circuits

At the skin electric lance, there are attachments, elements and details, like a way for an electric stream. The stench is reminiscent of the presence of electro-magnetic processes, connected with electro-destructive force, strum and tension, which are described by physical laws.

In electric lancets, all warehouses can be mentally divided into sprat groups:

1. The first group includes outbuildings that generate electricity for life.
2. Another group of elements is transforming electricity to other types of energy. The stench wins the function of priymachiv chi spozhivachiv.
3. Warehouses of the third group will ensure the transfer of electricity from one element to another, so that from the source of life - to electrical supplies. These include transformers, stabilizers and other attachments that provide the necessary capacity and voltage level.

To the skin extension, to the element, or to the details, they are intelligibly recognized, which are found in the graphic images of electrical lances, as they are called electrical circuits. Crimea is the main designation, they have power lines that connect all the elements. The lancets of the lancer, the air of which flow through the same streams themselves, are called necks. The places of their connections are knots, which are indicated on the electrical circuits at the visible points. Іsnuyut closed paths to the flow of the struma, which are shoveled into the gaps of the sprats and ranks by the circuits of the electric keels. The simplest scheme of an electric lance is single-circuit, and folding lances are made up of several circuits.

Most of the lances are made up of different electrical appliances, which are controlled by different modes of operation, depending on the value of the struma and the voltage. At idle mode, there is no strum in the lancet. Sometimes such situations are blamed for the development of the day. In the nominal mode, all elements work with a strum, tension and tension, as indicated in the passport of the annex.

Usі warehousing and mental designation of the elements of the electric lancet are shown graphically. On the little ones you can see that the skin element is attached to the vіdpovіdaє vlasny umovny badge. For example, electrical machines can be depicted in a simpler or more open way. In the fall, there will be clever graphic schemes. To show the windings of the vicor windings, one-line and rich-line images are used. The number of lines to be deposited depends on the number of visnovkiv, which will be different for different types of machines. In some cases, for the clarity of reading circuits, images can be changed, if the stator winding is shown in a blown-up look, and the rotor winding is in a simple one. So the very vikonuyutsya and іnshі.

So zdіysnyuyutsya with forgiveness and roaring, one-line and bagatolіny ways. Vіd tsogo to deposit the way of vіdobrazhennya of the extensions themselves, visnovkіv, winding windings and other storage elements. For example, in transformers, the image of the primary winding is stagnant with a line, seen by dots. For the secondary winding, it is possible to twist the colo with the simple method, or two pivkol with the flared method of the image.

Graphic images of other elements:

• Contacts. Stay in switching outbuildings and contact connections, most importantly in vimics, contactors and relays. The stench subdue to zamikayuchi, scho rozmikayut and murmur, skin z yakikh vіdpovidaє svіy graphic little ones. At the time of consumption, the image of contacts is allowed in a mirror-inverted look. The basis of the crumbly part is indicated by a special unshaded dot.
• . They can be unipolar and multi-polar. The basis of a handy contact is indicated by a dot. Automatic vimikachi v_dobrazhayut type of plyuvach. Vimikaci differ by the type of infusion, the stench can be push-button or kolіynimi, with contacts that flicker and flicker.
• Fuses zapobіzhniki, resistors, capacitors. The skin is given badges from them. Swimmers zapobіzhniki are depicted as a straight cut with water. For modern resistors, the icon can be with introductions or without. Ruhomium contact of the changeable resistor is indicated as an arrow. In the drawings of capacitors, the constant change of capacity is shown. Іsnuyut okremі images for polar and non-polar electrolytic capacitors.
• Napіvprovіdnikovі fit. The simplest ones are diodes with p-p-transition and one-sided conduction. That's why the stench is seen at the sight of the tricoutnik and the line of the electric link, which is changing yoga. Trikutnik is the anode, and the little rice is the cathode. For other types of conductors, it is important to know that they are the standard. Knowing these graphical little ones will make it easier to read electrical circuits for teapots.
• Jerela is bright. Є on all electrical circuits. Fallow, in recognition of the stench, they seem to be illuminated like signal lamps for additional warning signs. With the image of signal lamps, it is possible to shade the singing sector, which indicates a low tension and a small light flow. At signalization systems, acoustic attachments - electric siren, electric horns, electric horns and other similar accessories - are installed at the same time with bulbs.

How to read electrical diagrams correctly

Principal scheme - graphic representation of all elements, parts and components, between them, electronically controlled by an auxiliary strum conductor. Vaughn is the basis for the development of any electronic attachments and electrical units. To this, the leather electrician-pochatkіvets is guilty of pershu cherga opanuvati zdіbnosti reading raznomanіtnyh principial schemes.

The most correct reading of electrical circuits for beginners allows you to get it right, in a manner that is necessary to complete the construction of all details, so that you can achieve a final result. Therefore, the attachment or the lancer is guilty of the full obligation to win the functions assigned to him. For a correct reading of the principle scheme, it is necessary for us to be familiar with the intellectual meanings of all warehouse parts. The skin detail is assigned to the highest mental and graphic designations - UDO. Sound such mental signs to reflect the overall construction, characteristic drawings and recognition of that other element. The most important examples are capacitors, resistors, speakers and other simplest details.

There is more work to be done with components represented by transistors, triacs, and microcircuits. The foldable design of such elements is more foldable than they are displayed on electrical circuits.

For example, a skin bipolar transistor has at least three whiskers - a base, a collector and an emitter. The same mental image needs special graphic mental signs. Tse dopomagaє razrazniti mizh itself details with іndivіdualnymi basic authority and characteristics. The skin is mentally cognized to avenge encrypted information from oneself. For example, bipolar transistors can have a different structure - p-p-p or p-p-p, so the images on the diagrams are also remembered. It is recommended before that, how to read important electrical circuits, carefully familiarize yourself with the elements.

Smart images are often supplemented with clarifying information. With a respectful look, you can use the skin icon of the Latin letter symbols. In this rank, that chi and other detail is indicated. It is important to know, especially if you are only interested in reading electrical circuits. Bіlya literal meanings of the number of digits. The stench indicates the specific numbering and technical characteristics of the elements.

For electronics engineers, it is important to understand how to work out the details, how to draw them on the diagram and how to figure them out in the electrical circuit diagram. For whom it is necessary to become familiar with the principle of robotic elements, and how to read electronic circuits, I will tell you about these statistics on the butts of popular outbuildings for cobworkers.

Scheme of a floor lamp and light fixture on a light diode

The scheme is just little ones, on which, for the help of singing symbols, the details of the scheme are depicted, the lines are the details. If so, the lines change - then there is no contact between these conductors, and if there is a point in the world, there is a point - tse vuzol z'ednannya dekilkoh conductors.

Crimean symbols and lines on the diagram of the image of the letter designation. All indications are standardized, the skin regions have their own standards, for example, in Russia they comply with the GOST 2.710-81 standard.

Let's take a look at the simplest thing - the scheme of a floor lamp.

Schemes do not have to read zliva to the right and down to the beast, rather go to the zherel zhivlennya. What we can recognize from the scheme, marvel at the right part. ~ - means living with a change of strum.

The charge is written "220" - voltage 220 V. X1 and X2 - the connection is transferred to the socket behind the auxiliary plug. SW1 - this is how the key is displayed, the toggle switch or the button at the open station. L - mental image of the roasting light bulb.

Short loops:

The diagram shows an attachment, which is connected to a 220 V battery for a replacement plug for an additional plug socket or other roses. Є mozhlivіst vymknennya for help remikach or buttons. It is necessary for the life of the lamp and the roasting.

From the first glance, it seems obvious, but the fahivets is guilty of making such a visnovka, marveling at the scheme without explanation, it will give the possibility of blaming the diagnosis of a malfunction and ascertaining or choosing an attachment from scratch.

Let's move on to the offensive scheme. Tse likhtarik z zhivlennyam vіd batteries, like vipromіnjuvach have been installed.

Take a look at the diagram, maybe you can see a new image. On the right is a picture of life, so it looks like a battery or an accumulator, a long visnovok is plus another name - a cathode, a short one - a minus or an anode. At the light ode, a plus is connected to the anode (a tricky part of the sign), and a minus is connected to the cathode (it looks like a woman on the UDO) - a minus.

Tse slіd remember, scho zherel zhivlennya that spozhivachіv name elektrodіv navpaki. Two out of the light arrows give you an understanding that this attachment is producing light, yakby arrows navpakuvali on the new - tse buv bi fotopriymach. Diodi mayut literal designation VDx, de x-serial number.

Important:

The numbering of parts on the diagrams goes from top to bottom, to the right.

Just before the scheme to add the stabilization vuzol, the impulses of the voltage to the block of life will be stabilized. When only a slight increase in the voltage of life, when lowered, lower Ustabilization, the voltage will be pulsating in time with the sound. VD1 - ce stabilitron, the stench is turned on at the reverse bias (cathode to the point with a positive potential). They are distinguished by the size of the struma of stabilization (Istab) and the voltage of stabilization (Ustab).

Short pіdbags:

What can we infer from this diagram? Those that . It is connected by the primary side (inlet) to the measure of the changeable stream with a voltage of 220 Volts. On this day, there may be two roses - "+" and "-" and voltage 12 V, unstabilized.

Let's move on to the folding schemes and get to know the other elements of the electrical circuits.