What is the structure of excel spreadsheets. Foreign information about excel. What is an Excel spreadsheet processor

Spreadsheets (or tabular processors) - all application programs, recognized as tabular rozrachunkiv.

In electronic tables, all the information is placed in the middle of a rectangular table. Vіdminnіst elektronіnoї ї tableі vіd idle time for those that have є "fields" (table columns), the values ​​of which are calculated through the values ​​of other "fields", decommissioned vihіdnі data. This is automatically checked when changing vacation data. The fields of the tables, which have separate data, are called independent fields. The fields where the results are recorded and calculated are called fallow fields or the fields that are calculated. The skin of the middle of the electronic table has its own address, as it is established in the name of that row number, it has been sorted out. The rows are numbered numerically, and the columns are denoted by letters of the Latin alphabet.

Spreadsheets can be a big difference. For example, the Excel spreadsheet, which is most often found in IBM smart computers, may have 256 columns and 16,384 rows. I realized that a table of such a size cannot fit on the screen. For this, the screen is only a whole window, through which it is possible to see only part of the table. But it’s always moving around, and for the help of yoga you can look at the place of the table.

Let's look at how the table looked up to the motherfucker of the schoolchildren, how they chose to go on an excursion to another place.

6 schoolchildren go on the excursion, 4 of them take drinks from the museum, and 5 to the circus. Then it becomes possible to either save money on obid, or buy tickets to the circus more expensive, but at the best place. Useful and impersonal other options for the budget included in the excursion, and all the stinks can be paid for by the additional electronic spreadsheet.

An electronic spreadsheet of several modes of operation: forming tables (entering data at the table), editing (changing the value of data), calculating by formulas, saving information in memory, prompting graphs and diagrams, statistical processing of data, ordering by sign.

Formulas that calculate the values ​​of fallow fields include numbers, addresses in the tables, signs of operations. For example, the formula, for which the value of the fallow field is calculated in the third row, may look like: ВЗ * СЗ - the number in the commission ВЗ is multiplied by the number in the commission СЗ, the result is placed in the table D3.

Pratsyuyuchi z electronic spreadsheets koristuvach can vikoristovuvat and rank vbudovanі formulas (in Excel їх є close to 400), that is, a long-term preparation of sung rozrakhunkіv and entered into the memory of the computer.

More tabular processors allow you to sort (sort) tables according to some sign, for example, for falling. If in our table on the first row (near the other row) there will be a ticket for the purchase of tickets (the maximum value is 360 rubles), then (in the third row) there will be a ticket for the circus (100 rubles), then a ticket for the ticket (60 r.) that nareshti in the remaining row - swipe at the entrance to the museum (minimum value - 8r.).

Spreadsheets also have a graphical mode of operation, which gives the possibility of a graphical representation (like graphs, diagrams) of numerical information that can be found in tables.

Spreadsheets are simple for splkuvanni, they are easily mastered by non-professional computer technicians and have a lot of times to forgive and speed up the work of accountants, economists, scientists, designers and people of a whole range of other professions, the activity of such people is related to rozrahunka.

Electronic tables. Appointment and main functions.
One of the most productive ideas in the computer information technology gallery was the idea of ​​a spreadsheet. A lot of companies, retailers of software for PCs, have created their own versions of spreadsheet processors - application programs that are used for robots with spreadsheets. Among them, Lotus 1-2-3 by Lotus Development, Supercalc by Computer Associates, Multiplan and Excel by Microsoft are the most popular. Modern school computers are also equipped with simpler (initial) versions of spreadsheet processors.

Tabular processors (TP) - a handy tool for economists, accountants, engineers, scientists - the best, who can work with large arrays of numerical information. The programs allow you to create tables, such as (on the view of relational databases) and dynamic ones, so that the names of the fields are avenged, the values ​​of which are automatically rearranged for the given formulas when changing the value of the external data that is to be found in other fields. Working with spreadsheet processors, documents are created - spreadsheets (ET). The spreadsheet (document) is created in the memory of the computer. Nadalі її can be reviewed, changed, recorded on a magnetic disk for saving, drukuvat on a printer.

spreadsheet processor core
The working field of the spreadsheet processor is the display screen, in which the electronic table is presented as a matrix. ET, similar to shakhivnitsa, divided into clitins, as it is customary to call them the middle of the tables. Rows and columns of tables may be significant. Most often, the rows are numbered, and the columns are letters (letters of the Latin alphabet) designation. Yak and on shakhіvnitsі, kozhna kіtina may have its own name (addresses), which is composed of the name of the column and the number of the row, for example: A1, C13, F24 and so on.

If there are 8x8 = 64 cells on the checkerboard, then in the spreadsheet there are significantly more in the middle. For example, the spreadsheet processor Excel has a table with a maximum size of 256 rows and 16384 rows. Shards in the Latin alphabet are 26 letters in total, then starting from the 27th column, doubles are written, also in alphabetical order: AA, AB, AC, ..., AZ, BA, BB, BC, ..., BZ, SA. .. Stop, 256th day of May IY. Otzhe, іsnuyut seredki with such, for example, іnames: DL67, HZ10234 then.

Spreadsheets Excel. Main views.

Submission of data as a table will accurately compile the analysis of information. To complete the task, you can apply for looking at tables, expanding special software packages, which are called spreadsheets or spreadsheet processors. The stench is focused on us in front of the development of economic problems, the proteo can be used to help you solve mathematical, physical and engineering problems, for example, to develop a calculation for formulas, to use graphs and diagrams.

The Excel program is included before the Microsoft Office software package and is recognized for the preparation and processing of spreadsheets for the maintenance of the Windows operating shell. Versions of Excel 4.0 and Excel 5.0 are approved for Windows 3.1, and Excel 7.0 and 97 for Windows-95/98. Є Excel-2000, which is included before the Office-2000 software package, which works in Windows-2000. We are older than the version number of Excel, we won't finish it.

The Excel program is considered to be the main office computer technology for processing numerical data.

An Excel document is a file with predefined names and XLS extensions. Such a *.xls file is called a Work Book. The skin file *.xls can contain 1 to 255 spreadsheets, the skin of which is called a worksheet (Sheet). One spreadsheet is made up of 16384 rows (row) and 256 columns (column) placed in the computer's memory. The rows are numbered with integers from 1 to 16384, and the columns are marked with letters of the Latin alphabet A,B,C,...,Z,AA,AB,AC,...,IY.

The main element of the table - the middle (cell) - is roztashovuetsya on the peretina stovptsya i row. In case of a commissary, you can send in the data - the number, the text, and type the formula up to the analysis of the relevant information. The width of the row can be changed for an additional mouse. When you enter data at the middle, it will automatically appear, tobto. spreadsheets and "humic". To enter a specific middle, the address is drawn, which is added up with the designation of that row number, on which there is a middle, for example: A1, B2, F8, C24, AA2 just.

To make the middle active, you need to point to a new mouse and press the left key of the mouse. The center at which will be seen with a rectangular frame. When entering a formula, you need to enter the sign = on the back, and the sign є as the sign of the formula. A straight-cut group of middles, given by the first and last middles, which are divided into two spaces, is called an interval. Stock: C5: D10. The sighting of a group of seredkivs is carried out by a mouse.

Excel spreadsheets can be twisted to create databases. The Excel program is rich. Vіknami є worksheets Excel. To sort data, it is necessary to indicate the bear

Menu Dani, Sorting.

To start Excel, you need to start Windows from the start, then find the Excel icon on your desktop or the Start button menu and double-click on it. For old Windows 3.1, you need to open the MS Office program group (Excel 5.0) or Programs (Excel 4.0). At the appointments of the windows, the Excel 4.0 or 5.0 program element is removed. The launch of Excel is controlled by mouse clicks behind the Excel program element.

Vgorі roztashovane Golovna (horizontal) menu, what you see, what it consists of 8 points. Below the menu, the toolbar is expanded (buttons with special icons).

Help, quick help, quick start Excel system - F1 key or sign? on the menu. Advanced system Excel 5.0 has the program "Shvidke acquaintance".

To create a file, you need to select the File menu item for the target, then the Save Yak item, know the directory on the disk, where the file will be, set the file name. You can use the F12 key (Excel 4.0). The file extension will be xls. I can't embed this file, it will be book1.xls (Excel 5.0, Excel-97) or sheet1.xls (Excel 4.0).

To update (clean) the window in Excel, you need to select the File and then Create File item or Ctrl-N in Excel 5.0-97. To save a file - menu item File, Save or Ctrl-S (Excel 5.0-97), or Shift-F12 (Excel 4.0).

In order to grab (rahuvat) a file from the disk - menu item File, Open file or Ctrl-O (Excel 5.0-97), or Ctrl-F12 (Excel 4.0). Rozdruk file - menu item Druk or Ctrl-P (Excel 5.0-97) or Ctrl-Shift-F12 (Exel 4.0). Before the rozdruk, it is necessary to see that framing the tієї dіlyanka of the table with filling in the middle, as a next rozrukuvat.

To complete (exit from) Excel - the menu item File and then Exit or Alt-F4. If you have no savings file, you need to save it or go without saving, otherwise the information will be used.

The file, created in Excel 4.0, can be read in Excel 5.0 or Excel-97, but outside the package. In Excel, you can quickly fill tables with numbers after a formula, for example, after an additional Edit Menu, Load Down.

In Excel, you can use the following tools: Maistri Diagram for creating graphs, Maistri Functions for mathematical calculations, programs for creating small ones (like in Word).

To call up the Master of Functions, you need to take the Menu Insert, Function, select the desired function from the list of available functions.

For wiki Maistra Diagram, you need to take Menu Insert, Diagram. Ale, one by one, they see a stack of numbers.

For wiki software, you need to take the menu Insert, Object, select MS Draw from the list of objects. For object shortcuts, you can also cycle through the appropriate buttons on the toolbar. Excel is a powerful program for creating little ones.

To insert a *.bmp, *.wmf graphic file into an Excel spreadsheet, you need to specify the target Menu Insert, Babies, select the necessary graphic file on the disk to avenge the little ones, that's OK.

In Excel, like Word, it is possible to exchange information (text, graphics, formulas, diagrams, etc.) with other programs (Word, MS Works, PaintBrush and others) through the Windows Clipboard.

Copying, editing, and pasting what you see instead of the middle is also possible as in Word 6.0 through the menu item Insert or alternative buttons on the toolbar.

Microsoft Excel (simply referred to as Excel) is the program for managing the so-called spreadsheets.

An electronic spreadsheet is the main data that is compiled for processing and analysis of digital information by means of computational techniques. Although spreadsheets are mainly related to numerical or financial transactions, they can also win for different tasks of data analysis, giving great opportunities for data processing automation.

Excel allows you to fold folded data, in which data can be folded, folded in various areas of the electronic spreadsheet and connected with itself by singing fallow. For vykonannya such rozrahunkіv in Excel it is possible to enter different formulas in the tables. Excel calculates the calculation and displays the result of the calculation with the formula. The available range of formulas is from a simple folding up to financial and statistical calculations.

An important feature of the selection of the electronic table is the automatic reshuffle of the results when changing the value of the middle. For example, it is possible to win Excel for financial research, form and control the personnel warehouse of the organization. Excel can also update charts based on entered numbers.

The file, from which Excel works, is called a book. The book sounds like it is made up of dozens of working arcades, which can replace tables, texts, diagrams, little ones.

The book is a good organizational method. For example, it is possible to select all documents (working arches) in one book, which lie before the song project (zavdannya), or all documents, which are carried out by one vikonavtsy. The basis of the working sheet (Fig. 79) is a grid of rows and columns. The middle is set with a peretina row and stovptsya. The sight of the middle (middle) by the mouse is called active (in Fig. 77, the active middle is seen by the frame).

Rice. 79. Table elements

The row at the working arch is identified by the name (number), as it appears on the left side of the working arch.

Stovpets at the working arch is also identified by names (letters of the Latin alphabet), as they appear in the mountains of the working arch.

An Excel worksheet can accommodate up to 65536 rows and 256 columns.

The center - the main element of the table - has its own unique address, which is composed of the numbers of the column in that row, for example E4.

Skin komіrka to replace one element of information, whether it's a numeric value, text or a formula.

Commands for launching Office programs are described in the previous section. When you enter the program, an Excel window opens and an empty working book is displayed on the screen. Book 1.

When you open a file earlier than the created file, Excel displays a book with the data entered.

A workbook in Excel is a file, from which data is saved and analyzed. The file of the working book is made up of a number of working arches, so that tables, texts, diagrams and little ones can be replaced. The leather working sheet is identified by its name, as it appears on the label of the sheet.

The main elements of the Office program are described in the previous sections. Let's take a look at the specific elements of the Excel window (Fig. 80).

Rice. 80. Excel window

In a row, I will begin to remove information about the active document, I will select the menu command, the mode indicators on the keyboard. I have a short report about those who, as a vikonate, will send a team to the end and look at the promo results of the counts.

A row of formulas shows the formula (as it is in the middle) or else, what should be in the active middle. In a row of formulas, you can enter and edit text, numbers and formulas.

In the active room, you can enter and edit data without intermediary in the room or a row of formulas.

Vicor labels are used to identify the sheet in the working book. For the locking, the leaves are numbered Arkush 1, Arkush 2, etc.

The scrolling buttons at the bottom of the window are victorious for reviewing the shortcuts of the arches and for moving between the arches in the working book, in order to avenge the great number of arches.

Creation of a new working book

So, just like in Word, a skin working book, created by Excel, based on a real model, like a template. For the promotion of Excel, I create a new workbook on templates for them Book The template saves information about the formatting of the middle and working arches, as well as the toolbars that are used.

By pressing the button Create (New) on the standard toolbar, you can create a new, empty workbook on the basis of a template taken as a lock.

Creation of a book based on a selected template

1. Choose a team Create (New) from the File menu,

1. Select a bookmark to assign a category to the template of the created workbook.
2. Let's choose a template or a master, on which a new working book will be grounded.

Templates can be created behind the scenes and can contain elements of forms for calls, which include invoices, bills, financial calls, etc., adopted in a particular organization (Fig. 81).

Rice. 81. Payment form template (Invoice sheet)

Moving in the middle of the workbook

In the window of the working book, it shows only a part of the arch in the electronic spreadsheet. In order to look at the different parts of the arch, there are vertical or horizontal scrolls for scrolling the arch both vertically and horizontally. The position of the beacon Shows the window opening of the screen in the middle of the working arch. Vikoristannya bіgunkіv zminyuє area revisited, but not moving the active komіrku.

Great data tables can have the position of the visible window on the screen. To move the active middle with one-hour scrolling of the window, the keys and keyboards are played every day.

Table 16. Keys and keyboards for moving the active center

In order to go to whether there is a small room in a working book, you can win a letter to a small room (mal. 82).

Rice. 82. Dialogue window Transition

1. Choose a team Go to the "Edit" menu (Edit, Go To) or press a key on the keyboard F5.
2. Enter a message to the middle (for example, middle C2) and press OK.

Tsyu operation manually vikoristovuvat to go to the middle with the given address in the great tables, so that a few dozen rows or stovptsiv can be avenged.

To move between the arcs in the working book, the shortcuts of the arcs and the buttons for scrolling the shortcuts are pressed. To go to another arc, you need to click on the shortcut of the second arc.