Social status. Social status is a place in a suspended system, as a particular person occupies. Social statuses

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for the course "Natural Science"

on the topic "The social structure of society, її elements"

1. Understanding the social structure of society

The concept of social structure belongs to the social sphere of the life of the soul. In a broad sense, the word “social” is used as a synonym for the concept of “sustainable”, if there is a description of biological, natural phenomena. In my opinion, everything that hoots the life of human society is social. In a narrower sense, the word “social” means a particular sphere of suspension, which characterizes different groups of people as being in different types of activities. The social sphere of the life of the suspense is like a collection of social minds, which invest in the nature of the activity, the behavior of people and the interests of people, social groups, mutual suspense and specialness. Social vodnosini - tse vodnosini for people (or groups of people), which are appropriately up to the laws of the social organization of society.

The structure has any kind of vision:

subjects (sides, between which stosunki are blamed);

object (those for which one blames the blues between subjects);

consume (vіdnosini subject'єkt - ob'єkt);

interests (visible blue subject - subject);

values (stands between ideals of mutual subjects).

Соціальні відносини складаються між групами людей, і навіть коли в соціальні відносини вступають окремі особистості, або відносини виникають між особистістю та групою, особистістю та суспільством, ми не можемо розглядати цю особу відокремлено, поза спільнотою чи суспільством, які спонукали в ній певні мотиви, соціальні interests and injected the molding of її values.

The association of people in the community of activity, in the course of such a stench, acquires similar characteristics and social qualities, they are called social complacency. The succes- sion of social cohesion and the system of interrelationships and connections between them form the social structure of society. Vidnosini between social groups are regulated, ordered by social institutions, like in all spheres of life of society. In this way, one can say that the social structure of a society is a collection of mutually dependent and mutually dependent social groups and institutions.

The social structure of the suspense is often viewed in the aspect of sub-suspension for class, demographic, territorial signs. In this way there is a social-class, social-demographic, social-territorial structure of the household.

The social-class structure of the suspіlstva - tse ordering and stіykі links between the elements of the suspіlnoї system, zumovlenі vіdnosinami social groups, yakі are characterized by the song of the mіsce and roll in material, spiritual virobnіstvі and in political life. Zzvichay the core of the social-class structure was respected by the class rozpodіl suspіlstva. The meaning of the concept of "class" is given by the robot V.I. Lenin "The Great Initiative". Classes are called great groups of people who are distinguished by their place in the historically established system of suspensory cultivation, according to their means of cultivation, from their role in the vast organization of practice, hence, for the ways of taking away that diversity, I As a matter of fact, the scholars vvazhayut the class pidhіd is old, unsustainable to supremacy, the social structure of which has significantly deteriorated.

In the basis of the social and demographic structure of the suspense lie yogo podil on the group, behind the age-old, state signs. Tse nasampered takі groups like juveniles, pensioners, women, people and others. The skin of these groups is affected by serious social problems. Zokrema, for young people, the problems of pracevshtuvannya, malice, drug addiction, and SNIDu are acute.

At the basis of the social-territorial structure of the suspense lies its foundation on the territorial spielnosti of a different type (mіskі, sil'skі, selishchnі and іn.). Territorial sleepiness is found in the minds of the natural and piece medium, in a different historical past. Everything is created by the mind for life and the development of people, especially as a way to create life in the village and the metropolis. Territorial spіlnostі vіdrіznyayutsya by the social warehouse of the population, equal to yoga education, global culture and vocational training. From the unevenness of the development of territorial structures, there are a lot of social problems, such as the unevenness of the security of the population of housing, likarnyami, clubs, theaters, the difference in the possibility of obtaining education and work, the difference in accessibility to the social and structural economy.

2. Social groups

The social group is one of the main warehouse social structures. The social structure is formed by the most diverse social groups. People who form groups, take part in internal intergroup interactions, which characterize the sociality of specialness, as it is possible to signify how the inclusion of specialness to social interaction through the designation of one's own place in social groups.

The most obvious social group can be described as a collection of people, which are characterized by common signs. Sreda Tsich familiarize me with the booty, close to the minds of lives, life, in reality, dial -up, mutual man, social, social, American sociologist R. Merton defines a social group as a collection of people appointed by rank to interact with one another, recognize their belonging to a group group, and are recognized as members of a group group at a glance. In modern sociology, you can learn a large number of criteria for subdivision into groups, for example, for an hour, the basis of a group, the basics of molding, the nature of organization, change of activity, the principle of linking members of a group and іn.

Fallow in the area, forms of linkages and warehouse members are divided into large and small, primary and secondary social groups. The main object of sociological investigations are small social groups, which include from as many individuals to as many as dozens of people, the results of these studies can be extrapolated to greater social cohesion. A small social group is not numerous in the warehouse, the members of the group unite with a common activity and change with an uninterrupted special union. The variety of small social groups is the primary group. The term "primary group" was introduced before sociology by the American scientist C. Cooley. Significant signs of these groups are non-intermediate interpersonal contact of their members, which is characterized by a high level of emotion. These groups are the first among those who feel that through them the individual gains the first achievement of social unity. Through the primary group, the socialization of individuals develops, mastering by them the signs of behavior, social norms, values and ideals. Through her, a person recognizes his belonging to the singing social complacency. The butt of the first social groups is family, high school class, a group of friends, a sports team is thin.

The second group is made up of people who are neobov'yazkovo and emotionally blue. The interplay of order is to reach the goals of the songs, the individually unique drawings of the special features do not matter, the smut - to win the songs of the functions. The main type of the secondary social group is a large social group, formed for the achievement of singing goals, for example, a political party, a great campaigning team just. to the level of professionalism, professional belonging too). Members of a great group can in no way come into contact with each other. Tse means that a specific member of the group never comes into contact with other members of the group, although, without a doubt, he has contacts with other members of the group, which can be even more intense and wider than others.

3. Formal and informal groups

Depending on the presence of the status of the official social and legal status of the social group, they are divided into formal (official) and informal.

Formal groups are such an association of people, which will be based on official documents: statutes, service instructions, orders, etc. , Viyskovsky pіdrozdіl and іn.). The formality of groups is manifested in the presence of a larger or smaller zhorstkoy ієrarchії, it is manifested in a clear specialization of the members, embracing their own special functions. The formal group is rational, that is, it is based on the principle of dotality, moving forward on a viable basis. Won is principally bezosobova, i.e., it is invested in abstract individuals, among whom there are no annual allowances, a crime of service, as to pass for a singing program.

Informal groups vindicate and function spontaneously, on the basis of shared interests, goals and values, special sympathies. Vidnosini is a serious cereal of Bagato in what is tortured by the іndivіdual especially An informal group spontaneously develops (for example, a yard team of children, a friendly company and others.) There are no special documents that regulate its functioning. As a rule, the behavior of members of such a group is regulated by special unwritten rules. Skrіplennya informal group zdіysnyuєtsya leading rank with the additional authority of the її leader. A formal group can be the mother of two leaders, both formal and informal. An informal group is less than an informal leader, who is seen as having special features, organizing and directing її activity, integrating її members.

Rozpodіl group on the formal and informal singing world, mentally. Whether a formal group is blamed on informal links between its members, such a group falls into a sprinkling of informal groups. In some vipadki formal and informal vіdnosiny poluyuyut and support one of one, and in other vipadki - on the other hand, superimpress one to one and promote the spirit of unity.

4. Social role and social status of a person

The skin of a person, as if alive in society, is included in various social groups (homeland, school class, friendly company). In the skin of these groups of vines, we take a single camp, in the case of a new one, we check out the singing veins. One and the same person is guilty of behaving differently in different situations. In one way you are like a father, in another you are like a friend, in a third you are like a practitioner, in a fourth you are like a merchant, etc., so you act in different roles. The peculiarity, perebuvayuchi at the suspіlstі, є vіdobrazhennyam all suupnostі vіdnosin dіdnosіnі suspіlstva. Therefore, a person can not have one, but a whole set of social roles, like they play in the household. The main social roles include the roles of a hulk, a member of a family, a worker, a clerk, a caregiver and others.

Іsnuє richly different definitions of the concept of "social role". For the nomination of the distinguished votchizny sociologist I. Z. Kona, "the social role is those who become aware of the supremacy in the form of a human being, who occupies the same place in the social system." Social roles are seen in two aspects: role-playing and role-playing. Our roles are assigned to us in front of them, who will judge us by others. If you don’t play a singing role before our recognition, then you will enter into conflict with the suspense. For example, the fathers are guilty of fighting about their children, the policeman is guilty of destroying the public order. If you don’t shy away, then shout out our bewilderment. The normative structure of the social role has 4 elements: 1) a description of the type of behavior that shows this role; 2) help, pov'yazanі z cієyu behavior; 3) assessment of the role played by the promoted; 4) sanction - social consequences of those other things within the framework of a social system. Social sanctions due to their nature can be moral, legal, political and others. Sensation of social sanctions in order to spur a person to singing, a type of behavior. They are one of the most important elements of social regulation.

Social status is a place of a person in a society, like a wine borrowing in a state, a profession, a trip, a family relationship, a family camp, an equal income, enlightenment, etc. The different types of social status are the status that one is assigned to. Attributing to them is called a status, for which a person has a nationality (natality status), but there are no more obov'yazkovo confessions by such a suspіlstvo chi group. Until the new lie to become, race. We ascribe to a strict sensi any status, taking away for one's own will, from which the individual has no control. Dosyazhny or nabuty status lie down in the profession, education, work position. Whose status is gained as a result of the choice of a person, її special zusil and perebuvaє under її control. These are the statuses of a student, professor, manager, member of a political party.

It is necessary to differentiate social and special statuses. If the social status of a person’s camp is a person’s position, if he is a borrower in a life as a representative of a great social group, then a special status is a person’s camp in a small social group, which is to lie in the fact that he appreciates that vodpovidno to yogo special rice. Being a leader, the soul of a company, or a knower - means to occupy one place in the structure of international specialties, a mother of special status.

One person has an impersonal status, the one who takes the fate of an impersonal group of organizations. The totality of all statuses, if borrowed by one person, is called a status set. The status set has a basic status. Tse - the most characteristic status for this person, with which other people ottozhnyuyut, but zyakim ottozhnyu itself. The most important status is that of the main worker (engineer, professor, lawyer, etc.). Sustained people can change their status, otrimuyuchi illuminating, showing business and scientific activity.

Oskіlki social status vіdbivaі vіdbіvaє rіvіnki stavlіnі stavіnі і suspіlstvі, tse vyazno po'yazanі z notions "prestige" and "authority". Prestige is a special category, distinguished by the signification of the social significance of the positions occupied by different groups and other people in the household. Professions, residential quarters and streets, neighborhoods of houses, resorts, brands of cars, shops, office mortgages, clothes like fashion models and other items of living can be prestigious in the household. Signs that characterize prestige, which always adequately encourage the camp of people in other groups of society. For example, such a situation may develop, if a person has a prestigious profession, but if he does not allow him to secure himself and his own good life, otherwise, on the other hand, non-prestigious professions, such a person is allowed to take a job without a high income, be it a high income you tim themselves access to prestigious objects of life. The concept of "authority" is the least important thing. Vono means recognition by a group of chi suspіlstvo zagal of special and businesslike qualities of the members of the group of chi suspіlstva. The authority is ringing in the footsteps of the infusion of the specialty of the group of chi suspіlstvі. This is a special characteristic, as you may be born to a whole singing concrete person and it is not tied to prestige. So, among the politicians and public affairs, an academician, an engineer, and a worker can become authoritative.

Understanding social status is even closer to understanding social role. The difference between them is mainly determined by the context in which the stench vikoristovuyutsya. If the understanding of the “social role” is zastosovuetsya head rank before the way a person is led, then until the її behavior, then the understanding of “social status” is spiwned by the head rank of the social system. The social role is greater than a single unit of analysis, - the oscules of behavior at the borders of tієї chi іnshої vzaєmodії lie only in the context of this vzaєmodії, and th in the status, which may be a person in his suspіlstvі.

5. Ethnic sleepiness

One of the most significant types of spiliness in the world and ethnic spiliness. The word "ethnos" (greek) means tribe, people, tribe. Ethnos are one of the oldest types of social cohesion of people, The grouping of people is based on the ethnic principle:

unity of language, norms of behavior, self-respect, zvichaїv;

the sameness of the grubs, the forms of the life, the style of the clothes;

spіlnіst pohodzhennya that culture;

territory of settlement.

Ethnos, like spіlnosti, taman-specific social institutions - endogamous family (established with friendly representatives of one ethnic group), the institute of elders, cult organization. Ethnos act like a union of people, their union, solidarity.

Ethnic culture includes such social institutions: sound, ritual, religion, morality, law. Culture creates special mechanisms for the accumulation of that transmission from generation to generation of created ethno-cultural information. As such mechanisms act mov, book development, libraries, museums, TV broadcasting, enlightenment and other transmission channels. The most significant information for the ethnos is transmitted by these means - ideals, values, symbols, norms of behavior and other.

In this manner, the ethnos can be described as such a spіlnіst, as it grows with specific cultural rices, which are folded over a long span of hundreds of years and are broadcast through the generations.

At the borders of the industrial sector, two types of ethnic processes are seen, evoked by intermediate contacts, - those that occur without changing ethnic self-confidence (ethnoob'ednuvalni); that tі, scho call yogo change (etnorozdіlnі). Ethnic consolidation, ethnic assimilation and intermediate integration are placed before the broadest lines of joint processes.

Ethnic consolidation is the process of internal consolidation to achieve significant for the number of ethnic groups, for which there is a smoothing of authorities between the new local groups that have previously been territorially divided parts. Consolidation can be done by a small number of those close to the culture of my land ethnic groups, which unite into one, often transforming into one part of the new ethnic group - subethnos.

Ethnic assimilation is a process in which an independent ethnos (whose part) is divided among a larger ethnos. For the people who are assimilated, this process proceeds through a change of ethnic self-confidence, through a new language and tradition. Ethnic assimilation is the most characteristic for today's developed lands.

Ethnic distribution processes follow two types. Tse mozhe buti podіl earlier single ethnos on kіlka parts, skin z yih svіdomlyuє yourself like a new spіlnіst. Such a process is called ethnic divergence. Ale to navitt for the preservation of the ethnos, in the event of which it can be split up like a part, potentially building up to grow into an independent ethnos. This process is the widest and is called ethnic separation.

The most widespread in the world are the all-encompassing ethnic groups, which are also called different types of ethnic groups. The stench is characterized by such peculiarities as the spіlnіst genofond, the history of the spіlіnі іsnuvannya, the self-sufficiency of the subject to the tsієї etnіchnії grupi. In this rank, we may rightly both from biological and social factors, so ethnic groups are also called socio-ethnic and ethno-social.

The first ethnic group, which came to replace the primary horde, buv rid - a blood-strife union of people, tied by a collective prace and by the common defense of their interests. The union of many canopies became a tribe - a type of ethnic cohesion and social organization of people of pre-class suspility.

Drenynnya SPILOK of tribes, ShO SHOVIVIVEVAVED FUCLEMENTS OF MIZHLOPLENNIS ZV'YAZKIV, VIISKOVI ZITKNENNYA, MGRAISIA SENNYA, VINIKNEVA of the I POWERS BEARE to the post -WITHLED ZMISHANNYA, to the deputy chisly navigable namese. Narodnіst - tse scho was formed from the urakhuvannya slave and feudal methods of virobnitstv teritorial, movna, economic and cultural spіlnіst people.

From the beginning of the New Hour in Europe, from the appearance of the first plan of commodity-penny money, the molding of the market, the transition to capitalism, the nationalities were transformed into nationalities. On the vіdmіnu vіd narodnostі, natsіya - stіykіsha spіlnіst people, moreover, stіykіst їy nadat glibinni ekonomіchnі chinniki. Nations were named as from disputable one to one tribes and nationalities, so from people of disputable tribes and nationalities. Historical peculiarities of illuminating and developing the nation, originality of the economic mode, culture, bututu, traditional, geographical center impose an impact on the spiritual vision of the nation, form specific patterns of national character and national self-reliance. The skin nation, which has historically evolved, rises to the awareness of its fundamental national interests, the peculiarities of its culture, traditions, development prospects. Vaughn can, with his own particular warehouse of thought, and by the form I will show my feelings, my feelings of national goodness. All to rob the nation with a unique historical illumination.

The nation was called out as a historically cohesiveness of people, which is characterized by the coherence of economic life, territory, movement, mental warehouse. In this hour, it’s a lot of “they’re shaking the whiskers, because this designation is no longer fully consistent with current realities. It’s necessary to introduce such a sign as a spiritual culture as the basis for the development of a new designation of the nation, as a spiritual culture. . Щодо спільності психічного складу, то вона є похідною від спільності духовної культури.Іще одним найважливішим компонентом національної спільноти людей є їх самосвідомість, яка теж відноситься до сфери духовної культури.Національна самосвідомість - це стрижень національної духовної культури. спільні корінні інтереси, цілі та ідеали , his appearance in the rich-national world, his position to other nations and powers.

The nation is not only an objective, but also a subjective datum, the representatives of which seem to themselves: "tse - mi", and to others: "tse - stinks". In the greater part of the world, the people themselves signify their nationality, so that they belong to the tiєї chi іnshої natsії. The whole experience of the historical act of ethnic groups is evidence of the growing role of socio-cultural officials in their functioning. It is unlikely that a modern nation can be raised to ethnic groups.

6. International blues

The sockets of the Mizhnatskiyonnili Videosin at the sviTi -il of the cousins of the Ophtylyi I, one signs of tendencies: tendencies to the Obnannnya National - Mzhnatsyonaliy Intigratsiy. Objective causes of international integration lie in the development of economic links and connections, the development of globalization processes. In the course of these processes of the nation, they add their isolation, to join the daedal, I close together with each other. Nine visible forms of integration processes have begun in Europe, where 25 powers are members of the European Union. At the same hour signs and other tendencies are given.

These two trends are stable, but not without conflict. Rubbing between them is the main tiring in the sphere of interethnic waters. From the main protirіchchya vyplyvayut іnshі, for example, against the interests of other nations with the interests of the suspenstia zagalom. The development of national nutrition is connected with the struggles between the growing scientific and technological revolution, which means maximum cooperation, international practice and national independence of the powers and peoples. Mіzh natіonalnymi powers blaming twirlіchchya at zv'yazku s vyavnіstyu spetsificіchіh іnteresіv: vikoristannya prirodіchіchіv, transport komunіkatsiіy. They blame the super strengths among representatives of different nationalities in labor and other rich-ethnic teams. The reasons for the development of national interests can be of a political, economic, demographic nature.

There, de є national conflicts, zavzhd pishno color ideology of nationalism and chauvinism. Nationalism is the psychology and ideology of national pervaga, which are based on the hypertrophy of national feeling. Nationalism is often hindered by the ideas of being given to the people, the mindfulness of it by greater forces. At the same time, in order to frame the idea of national prevagi, the facts of the practical history of the given people and the specific power of this culture are especially interpreted. The nationalism of the great nations in its most extreme form is manifested in a look of chauvinism (in the name of the French grenadier Chauvin, the shabby chandelier of Napoleon's conquest policy, the satirical character popular in the 19th century led the brothers Cognard "Tricolor cockade"). Chauvinism manifests itself in the political, economic, spiritually stifled other nations, unaware of their rights and national values. The ways of solving international problems are uneasy, but it is impossible to overcome them exclusively by forceful, military methods. Nothing can replace the political path of the resolution of conflicts, which is foldable and long-lasting for a particular skin type, not such a path.

In the case of people’s interrelationships, it is easier for a rich-ethnic supremacy in a conflict situation to blame the national minority for everything, and for that, for one’s own, on the indigenous nation. Очевидно, гармонізація відносин між людьми у багатонаціональному суспільстві вимагає дотримання таких умов, як наявність правової держави, відмова національних меншин від сепаратизму, надання компактно розселеним меншинам широкої автономії та самоврядування, права вирішення власних місцевих справ, визнання культурної автономії територіально розсіяних національних. The main ambush of the current national policy is this.

Harmonious development of national and international interests, recognition of optimal forms of national and international development.

Tse means, in the first place, the non-admission of legal and laws, yakі fix national inequality; in a different way, povaga to cultural traditions and interests of all national groups; thirdly, condemnation of violence by the leaders of national nutrition; fourthly, the restoration of the rights of repressed peoples.

Rejection of any form of national chauvinism, especially strangeness and obscurity in everything that stands for intermittent splintering, the national sensibilities of people.

Bagatonic suspіlstvo є, as a rule, rich-confessional (the Latin word "confessіya" means confession). People can peacefully get along and coexist with such a community without relying on the principles of tolerance and freedom of conscience. Sche. at the 17th century. the English philosopher D. Locke, in the famous sheets about tolerance, hung on the strength of the fact that the state can recognize freedom of religion, give people the right to religious self-determination, is not guilty of letting their citizens and political rights fall to the ground. At the XVIII century. the French writer and philosopher Voltaire, having said that freedom of conscience is the right, like a person took away from nature, and no one can induce it in food, the skin needs to be allowed to pray in its own way, the skin may have the right to support that chi іnsha vіru vіru vіru vіru conscience. . The principle of freedom of conscience is recognized by the modern democratic powers, the government of Russia. It is important to truly realize the freedom of conscience in the waters for people. From small fates, it is necessary to develop a little bit of mutual tolerance and povad between the people, if they follow a religion, they do not follow it, among the followers of different religions.

List of references

1. Bilokrylova O. S., Mikhalkina E. V., Bannikova A. V., Agapov Y. P. Suspіlstvoznavstvo. Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2006.

2. Kasyanov VV Suspіlstvoznavstvo. Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2007.

3. Kokhanovsky V.P., Matyash G.P., Yakovlev V.P., Zharov L.V. Philosophy for middle and special initial mortgages. Rostov n/a, 2008.

4. Kravchenko O. I. Suspіlstvoznavstvo. M: Russian word, 2006.

5. Kurbatov V. I. Suspіlstvoznavstvo. Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2007.

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The skin of a person, as if alive in society, is included in various social groups (homeland, school class, friendly company, etc.). In the skin of these groups of vines, we take a single camp, in the case of a new one, we check out the singing veins. One and the same person is guilty of behaving differently in different situations. In one way you are like a father, in another you are like a friend, in a third you are like a practitioner, in a fourth you are like a merchant, etc., that is. perform in different roles. The peculiarity, perebuvayuchi at the suspіlstі, є vіdobrazhennyam all suupnostі vіdnosin dіdnosіnі suspіlstva. Therefore, a person can not have one, but a whole set of social roles, like they play in the household. The main social roles include the roles of a hulk, a member of a family, a worker, a clerk, a caregiver and others.

Іsnuє richly different definitions of the concept of "social role". For the nomination of the prominent country sociologist I.S. Kona, “the social role is those who look out for each other, whether they are people, occupy the same place in the social system”. Social roles are seen in two aspects: role-playing and role-playing. Our roles are assigned to us in front of them, who will judge us by others. If you don’t play a singing role before our recognition, then you will enter into conflict with the suspense. For example, the fathers are guilty of fighting about their children, the policeman is guilty of destroying the public order. If you don’t shy away, then shout out our bewilderment. The normative structure of the social role has 4 elements: 1) a description of the type of behavior that shows this role; 2) help, pov'yazanі z cієyu behavior; 3) assessment of the role played by the promoted; 4) sanction - social consequences of those chi іnshої dії at the boundaries of the social system. Social sanctions due to their nature can be moral, legal, political and others. Sensation of social sanctions in order to spur a person to singing, a type of behavior. They are one of the most important elements of social regulation.

The social status is the place of a person's life in the household, like borrowing wines to the status, age, profession, travel, family ties, family life, equal income, enlightenment. Different types of social status are the status that is attributed and accessible. Attributing to them is called a status, for which a person has a nationality (natality status), but there are no more obov'yazkovo confessions by such a suspіlstvo chi group. Until the new lie to become, race. We ascribe to a strict sensi any status, taking away for one's own will, from which the individual has no control. Dosyazhny or nabuty status lie down in the profession, education, work position. Whose status is gained as a result of the choice of a person, її special zusil and perebuvaє under її control. These are the statuses of a student, professor, manager, member of a political party.

One person has an impersonal status, the one who takes the fate of an impersonal group of organizations. The totality of all statuses, if borrowed by one person, is called a status set. The status set has a basic status. This is the most characteristic status for this person, with which other people are distinguished, and with this guilt he is distinguished by himself. The most important status is that of the main worker (engineer, professor, lawyer, etc.). Sustained people can change their status, otrimuyuchi illuminating, showing business and scientific activity.

Understanding social status is even closer to understanding social role. The difference between them is mainly determined by the context in which the stench vikoristovuyutsya. To understand the “social role” is zastosovuetsya head rank of how a person behaves, tobto. before yoga behavior, then the concept of "social status" is associated with the head rank of the social system. The social role is greater than a single unit of analysis, - oskolki behavior at the borders of tієї chi іnshої vzaєmodії lie only in the context of this vzaєmodії, and th in the status, which may be a person in his suspіlstvі.

Ethnіchnі spіlnoti

unity of language, norms of behavior, self-respect, zvichaїv;

the sameness of the grubs, the forms of the life, the style of the clothes;

spіlnіst pohodzhennya that culture;

territory of settlement.

Ethnos, like spіlnosti, taman-specific social institutions - endogamous family (representatives of one ethnic group are established every hour), the institute of elders, a cult organization. Ethnos act like a union of people, their union, solidarity.

The first ethnic group, which came to replace the primary horde, buv rid - a blood-strife union of people, tied by a collective prace and by the common devotion of their interests. The union of many canopies became a tribe - a type of ethnic cohesion and social organization of people of pre-class suspility.

The nation was called out as a historically cohesiveness of people, which is characterized by the coherence of economic life, territory, movement, mental warehouse. In this hour, it’s a lot of “they’re shaking the whiskers, because this designation is no longer fully consistent with current realities. It’s necessary to introduce such a sign as a spiritual culture as the basis for the development of a new designation of the nation, as a spiritual culture. . Щодо спільності психічного складу, то вона є похідною від спільності духовної культури.Ще одним найважливішим компонентом - національної спільності людей є їхня самосвідомість, яка теж відноситься до сфери духовної культури.Національна самосвідомість - це стрижень національної духовної культури. корінні інтереси, цілі та ідеали , his appearance in the rich-national world, his position to other nations and powers.

The nation is not only an objective, but also a subjective datum, the representatives of which seem to themselves: "tse - mi", and to others: "tse - stink". In the rich lands of the world, the people themselves determine their nationality, that is. belonging to a foreign nation. The whole experience of the historical act of ethnic groups is evidence of the growing role of socio-cultural officials in their functioning. It is unlikely that a modern nation can be raised to ethnic groups.

13. Social structure of modern Russian society

Entry

The problems of the social structure are always gaining the respect of Russian sociologists. At the same time, through special interests and similarity, so through the objective ability of the skin, which worked with remaining fates over the problems of social structure, revealing its own, non-repeating cut of dawn. Nevipadkovo to this work L. Belyaeva, L. Gordon, 3. Golenkov, T. Zaslavskoy, Є. Igitkhanyan, M. Lapina, Y. Starikova, M. Chernisha, O. Shkaratana and other achievements in this sphere are self-sufficient. Kozhen їх vіdpovіdno up to obranim them by the criteria of stratification, bach tsyu structure in a different way.

The majority of these results are combined in the methodological plan of the exercise to go to the problem of analyzing the social structure as a bi “zzovn”, seeing those other groups from positions in advance of the specified criteria. In today's world, without using the significance of this, which has already become classic in the old social structure of the approach, I respect that there is no less right to grounds, especially in the minds of the transformation type, through the prism of a subjective approach – seeing their social status by the Russians themselves.

The main trend in the development of Russian society is the strengthening of social differentiation, the emergence of new strata, and more expansion of the society beyond the increase in income and equal living, rule. The SRSR - the highest class was becoming a party-state bureaucracy. The middle class is part of the elite among science, culture and service workers, service intellectuals.

Today in Russia, the pinnacle of the hierarchy is the administrative elite, which consists of 60% of the old nomenclature. The post-trade bureaucracy in the ruling structures is formed by 75% from the old Radyansky ker_vniki in the party of the Komsomol, new ones become less than 16%. 61% of the businessmen belonged to the party-state apparatus and the Komsomol, to the management - to the Galuzev structures - 55% of the old elite, at the factories - 25%, in the bodies of the territorial administration - 25%. The big ball is the bankers who establish the core of the current financial and political oligarchy, establish the middle class "new Russians", corrupt officials, managers of private and state enterprises, part of show business, intellectuals, prosperous doctors in Moscow, St. Petersburg. The lower balls are workers, servants, intellectuals, villagers.

Also, the social structure - the interplay of classes, social groups, versts, socio-demographic, vocational qualifications, territorial, ethnic, family-by-butovy cohesion, which are formed, function, change from the improvement of the blues. The key value for the formation of structures may be the suppleness of the practice, which is the first of the social authorities. It has been established that the social structure is stale in terms of the positions that people occupy, who are smart about their age, light, and income.

The "diversity" of the group's camp, the difference in the connection between them is a huge assessment to become the essence of stratification. Stratification is the whole system, in the same category of people, the susplstvo is changed by the singing hierarchy, which is social nervousness.

(for example, professional differentiation: teachers, doctors; article

differentiation: men, women…).

The development of the social structure of society from the point of view of social unrest was carried out on the cob of the development of sociology. Here you can guess the name of Karl Marx with his theory about the irreconcilable classes of exploiters and exploiters.

G Sorokin Pitirim Oleksandrovich (1889-1968) after emigration from Russia in 1922 becoming the founder of the American school of sociology and the author of the theories of social stratification and social mobility.

Social stratification - those same, scho socially rozsharuvannya; ce ієrarchіchne

roztashuvannya social beliefs among the sspіlstvі.

concept "stratification" ("stratum"- ball) came from the sociology of geology, de vono signifies the expansion of balls of different porods along the vertical. The skin layer is made up of the same elements.

So i stratum – the social sphere of people, as there may be similar signs for

income , vladi , enlightenі prestige.

Tse stratification criteria

Historically, according to the main types of social stratification:

slavery, caste, become that classy(K. Marx, as a criterion for the subsistence of the class, having propagated the power of the power and the income of the income; as a result of the class approach, the skin-singing historical period sees its main classes: "slave and slave-owners"; "feudal lords and fallow peasants"; "bourgeoisie") .

MAIN TRENDS AND PROCESSES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIAN OB-VU

- social polarization (a great difference between the poor and the wealthy).

-falling social status of intellectual practice

- aggravation of the social structure of society

-marginalization of the suspense

Between the strata there is a social nervousness, it is impossible to fix it. The main way of weakening the social tension is the possibility of moving from one stratum to another.

Social status -the camp of a person at a household, like a loan of a loan for a long time, status, profession, travel, etc.

See statuses:

Statuses that can be bathed or not bathed as a result of a free choice:

-punished(given people by nationality - to become, age, race, nationality, travel)

-pridbani(attainable; people їх nabuє at the process of life -

profession, family camp, settlement ..)

-zmіshanі(volodyat signs of the proponated and reach, but reach not for

bazhannu people: disabled, disabled, unemployed)

A primitive society has few statuses: a leader, a man, a woman, a man, a squad, a philanthropist…

The current household with less than professional status has close to 40,000,

close to 200 (daughter-in-law, cousin...)

One person has an impersonal status, the one who takes the fate of an impersonal group of organizations. The succession of the current statuses, which is borrowed by one person, is called status dial.

Oskіlki social status vіdbivaі vіdbіvaє rіvіnki stavlіnі stavіnі і suspіlstvі, tse vyazno po'yazanі z notions "prestige" and "authority".

Prestige– assessment of the significance of other people's positions.

Looks like a person who is occupying a socially stable place, keenly checks on a good behavior. For example, the status of the teacher conveys a specific set of tasks (conducted lessons, re-verification of knowledge, learning from the fathers of the students), I sing the manner of behavior, and finish the suvoriy style of the dress. It is necessary to check other behaviors, for example, in the form of pop stars. In this manner, evaluating the role behavior of the specialty, we spivvіdnosimo yogo with the same typical manifestations in that, as a trace of repair, trimming, dressing up the people of the social camp.

Social role – model of behavior, oriented to the status.

Role recruitment- Sukupnіst roles, scho vykonuyutsya people.

Role conflict - situation, if individuals collide with two or more roles(For example, professional growth means significant special skills for women’s specialty, time. ).

Social mobility-relocation of groups or individuals in the social structure of the community.

See social mobility:

For directing the movement:

a ) horizontal – the transition of an individual or a group from one social position to another, which lies on the same level; relocation, change in geographic space without changing social status(Zmin Miss Zhivannya, Red Chiz, one of the piddrimism on the іnshe; Rear lecture at the Inshu, I Reliadi Religiye Grupi in Inshu, Renthi, INIMENSHIA WITH RECHIENTS; .

b) vertical - Transition of an individual or a group from one social sphere to another;

moving uphill and down the social structure.

a) vertical vision (promotion...);

b) vertical low (the person has spent the work; the command “viletila”)

For a kіlkіstyu, scho zdіysnyuyut mobіlnіst:

a) group

b) individual

Ways that seem to be the movement of people from one social group to another, called channels of social mobility, social “elevators”.

Before them one can see:

army, family, school, church; party activity, friendship.

"Shut the Suspіlstvo" - Suspіlstvo z small social mobility.(For example, the caste mode in India. People who lie down to the lowest caste, may not be able to occupy a higher social camp.

"Vіdkrite suspіlstvo" -suspіlstvo with high social mobility(be it industrial

suspense)

lumpeni- Representatives of the social bottom (zhebraki, homeless ..)

Social displacement is carried out before the appearance of intermediate cordon balls, which are called marginal.

Marginals - individuals who have fallen out of the social structure of the suspenst, who occupy an intermediate position between the balls; they left one stratum, the group and did not join the others (immigrants, refugees, unemployed ...). In general, the marginalized are experiencing great psychological stress and are experiencing their own crisis of self-confidence. The stench can appear like this, as a sign of restlessness, irritability, aggressiveness, evasion of the law ....

Note:

Food from EDI:

Chi will you wait for the vislovlyuvannya?

a) social mobility must be brought up to a change in status.

Vidpovid: different types of horizontal mobility - geographic mobility; won't be able to change the status of any group, but moving from one month to another for saving status (for example, moving from one enterprise to another).

b) change of one status to another transfer, transition from one social group to another.

Vidpovіd: for example, transition from a schoolboy to students; from cadets to officers.

navit horizontal mobility, not seeming already about vertical, transferring the transition from one social group to another country, roztashovana on the same level (transition from the Orthodox to the Catholic, from one sіm'ї to another country with a second trip)

LECTURE 5

Sims in sociology are seen at the same time as a small social group, and as an important social institution. Like a small social group, it satisfies the special needs of people, like an institution - the socially significant needs of society.

Sim'ya is an important element of the social structure of society, the activity of which is regulated both by family legislation and by moral standards.

HOMELAND - founded on a school of faith and sporidnennosti association of people, caused by splnstyu pobutu and mutual support.

Sim'ya, as a rule, is a foldable system, lower coat. You will not only make friends, but also your children, as well as other relatives.

Sim functions –

- Reproductive(biological confirmation)

- socialization(Shaping of an individual as a specialty)

- state-economic(maintenance of home rule, looking after children and old members of the family, keeping the family budget)

- recreational(Zyattya stress, emotional support)

- dose(Organization of rational allowance)

- social status(addition of the singing social status to the members of the family)

See so classification of sim's.

for the number of children(bagatoditnі-3 children, small children-1.2 children, childless)

by the nature of the rozpodіlu home obov'yazkіv

-traditional (patriarchal family) ; a man is a year-old man, the head of this family, a squad

SOCIAL SPHERE

LECTURE 20. Social groups, social stratification,

social mobility; social status;

Social role.

Social sphere of welfare includes in itself the blueprints between different social

sleepily and in groups.

The social structure of the household – tse internal arrangements of social welfare, social

The key element of the social structure of society is the social group.

Social group - marriage of individuals (from two to millions), what can be

Social sign (state, century, nationality, profession, occupation,

dress style, place of residence...).

See social groups:

1. For numbers:

Mali (from 2 to 30 osіb, it’s good to know one of the one, they’re occupied as a sleeper on the right and try to get along with each other directly (homeland, class, friends).

Great (numbers of people; city dwellers, students, Russians...)

2. For the method of organization:

Formal - association of people, which will be based on official documents

(School class, sports team).

Informal - blame on the basis of shared interests, values, special sympathies

(Fans of sports teams, dancers of artists).

3. Behind the fact іsnuvannya:

Real (groups, criteria for seeing those є assimilated by people, a sign

sign - to become, nationality, profession ...)

Nominal (piece-designed, which is necessary for the statistical appearance

passenger aircraft..)

Various social groups occupy various camps in the household.

Social differentiation(Lat. "Differentia" - vіdminnіst) - ce podіl suspіlstva on raznі

Social groups that occupy the same camp.

(For example, professional differentiation: teachers, doctors;

state differentiation: men, women…).

Social stratification - those same, scho socially rozsharuvannya; ce ієrarchіchne

roztashuvannya social beliefs among the sspіlstvі.

So i stratum – the social sphere of people, as there may be similar signs for income ,

vladi , enlightenі prestige. Tse stratification criteria

Historically, according to the main types of social stratification:

slavery, caste, become that classy(K. Marx as a criterion rozpodіlu suspіlstva on class proponuvav vlasnіstyu vlasnіstyu and rіven income; zgіdno z class approach, the skin song historical period sees its main classes: “slave and slave-owners”; "feudal lords and fallow villagers"; "Bourgeoisie and proletariat").

Today, there are a lot of options for the stratification of the suspense.

In the stratification structure of the current Russian suspension, there are some main balls.

1) TOP (6% of the employed population) - elite groups that occupy key positions in the system

management, economic, security structures. Tse Samy

appeasement ball (politicians, bankers, entrepreneurs,

visible children of science and culture ...)

The income of the same ball has 17 and more times exceeded the income

bottom ball.

2) MIDDLE (16% of the employed population) - others and middle entrepreneurs, managers of small

enterprises, farmers, the most qualified workers

Maizhe 60% is borrowed from the non-state sector. Riven

illumine significantly things lower in the middle in the country.

3) BASIC (66%) - individuals, borrowed more importantly from the sovereign sector

economy (employees, a significant part of the intelligentsia,

viyskovosluzhbovtsі, the majority of the villagers is more important).

Less than 25% can see the light.

The rіven of life and earlier low decreases.

4) LOWER (10%) - individuals who lead the least professional that

labor potential (cleaners, lifters, watchmen,

helpers…)

Two thirds of the woman's ball. Characteristic supra-echo

low cost of life.

MAIN TRENDS AND PROCESSES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIAN OB-VU

- social polarization (a great difference between the poor and the wealthy).

-falling social status of intellectual practice

- aggravation of the social structure of society

-marginalization of the suspense

- rozmivannya іntelіgіentsії (sight of the sphere of rozumovoї pracі abo "vіdpliv іzkіv")

Between the strata there is a social nervousness, it is impossible to fix it. The main way of weakening the social tension is the possibility of moving from one stratum to another.

Social status-the camp of a person at a household, like a loan of a loan for a long time, status, profession, travel, etc.

See statuses:

Statuses that can be bathed or not bathed as a result of a free choice:

-punished(given people by nationality - to become, age, race, nationality, travel)

-pridbani(attainable; people їх nabuє at the process of life -

profession, family camp, settlement ..)

-zmіshanі(volodyat signs of the proponated and reach, but reach not for

bazhannu people: disabled, disabled, unemployed)

Statuses that signify an impact on the life of an individual:

-Basic(signs a smut in the life of a person, the most characteristic of a person, for which її

ototozhnyuyut other people chi vin himself; most often the status of indications from the main

worker (engineer, professor, lawyer).

-not primary(Vplivaє on the details of the behavior).

A primitive society has few statuses: a leader, a man, a woman, a man, a squad, a philanthropist…

The current household with less than professional status has close to 40,000,

close to 200 (daughter-in-law, cousin...)

Oskіlki social status vіdbivaі vіdbіvaє rіvіnki stavlіnі stavіnі і suspіlstvі, tse vyazno po'yazanі z notions "prestige" and "authority".

Prestige– assessment of the significance of other people's positions.

Social role – model of behavior, oriented to the status.

Role recruitment- Sukupnіst roles, scho vykonuyutsya people.

Role conflict - situation, if individuals collide with two or more roles(For example, professional growth means significant special skills for women’s specialty, time. ).

Status - the pivotal position in the social structure of the suspense group is tied to other positions through the system of rights and obov'yazkiv.

Sociologists see two types of status: special and nabuty. Those camps of a person are called a special status, as if they were borrowed in such a rank, small, or primary, group, fallow, depending on how they are assessed by their individual qualities. On the other hand, in cooperation with other individuals, the skin of a person victorious social functions, as they signify one's social status.

The social status is called the sole place of the individual, or the social group in the society, which is connected with the songfulness of the rights and obov'yazkiv. Social statuses buvayut zaproponovana and nabutі (achieved). Up to the first category one can see nationality, place of people, social exodus, and to the other - profession, enlightenment, etc.

Be-yakoy suspіlstvі іsnuіє deyak єєrarkhіya statіvіv, yakі є є є yogo stratifіkatsії basis. Pevni statuses are prestigious, others - navpaki. Prestige is an assessment of the social significance of the status of another person, fixed in culture and the public opinion. This hierarchy is formed under the influence of two factors:

a) the real coherence of quiet social functions, like a victorious person;

b) the system of values attached to this society.

For example, the prestige of any statuses is not primed, but, on the contrary, we underestimate, it sounds like it’s possible to waste equal statuses. Suspіlstvo, who has a similar tendency before spending money, does not secure his normal functioning. In view of prestige, it is necessary to renew authority. Authority is the name given to the degree of recognition of the dignity of a special person, a specific person.

The social status of the special person in front of us is infused by this behavior. Knowing the social status of a person, one can easily identify the greater number of qualities, like out of volodiya, as well as transfer diy, like out of mind. A similar behavior of a person, which is associated with this status, which may not be, is accepted to be called a social role. The social role is, in fact, a kind of clear behavior, recognition of social responsibility for people of a given status in a given life. In fact, the role is given by an eye that shows, as the very next child in your own situation. The roles are divided according to the stage of formalization: the deeds of them are clearly defined, for example, in military organizations, and others are divided. A social role can be assigned to a person both formally (for example, by a legislator) and informally.

Be-yaky іndivіd є vіbrazhennyam vієї sukupnostі suspіlnyh vіdnosin ієї epoch.

Therefore, a skin person can not be alone, but a whole set of social roles, like they are playing in the household. This order is called a role system. Similar differences in social roles can become the cause of an internal conflict of specialness (in that case, as if from social roles, one should supersede one to one).

Vcheni proponuyut different classifications of social roles. Among the rest, ring out, they see the ranks of the main (basic) social roles. Before them one can see:

a) the role of the worker;

b) the role of the vlasnik;

c) the role of a caregiver;

d) the role of a hulk;

e) the role of a member of the family.

However, regardless of those that the behavior of the specialty is rich in which it is recognized by this status, which it takes, and by the same roles, as if playing in the court, the won (speciality) saves its autonomy and can sing the freedom of choice. I want to be aware of the trend towards unification and standardization of special features, new leveling, fortunately, not to be. Individuals can choose from rich social statuses and roles that have been promoted to you by supremacy, and they allow you to realize your plans more effectively, to maximize your success. To accept a person's tiєї chi іnshої socialії rіlі vplyvayut as a social mind, and yogo biological and special features (stay of health, become, age, temperament and іn.). Whether it’s a role-playing order, we’re only talking about a wild scheme of a person’s behavior, proponuyuchi zdiisniti vybir shlyakhіv її vykonannya svoї osobistostі.

In the process of reaching the singing status of that victorious social role, the role conflict can be blamed for the titles. A role conflict is such a situation, in which a person has to be satisfied with the need for more than two crazy roles.

Front Advance

LOOK FORWARD:

Social status, you can see the particularity.

Social status- a camp, like borrowing an individual or a social group in a society or a subsystem of a society. Appointed for signs specific to a particular industry, as economic, national, century and other signs can act. The social status is subdivided after the smarts, the newcomers, the enlightenment.

See statuses

A skin person, as a rule, has not one, but a shard of social statuses. Sociologists differ:

· birth status- status, naboutiy people with people (stattya, race, nationality). For certain types of births, the status can change: the status of a member of the royal family - in the form of a people and doti, the status of a monarchy.

· nabutium (reach) status- The status that a person can reach with his zusilli (posada, pіst).

· accusations (attributions) status- the status that a person gets independently from his bazhanya (vіk, the status of a sіm'ї), you can change from time to time. Appointments status buvaє prirodzhenim that nabutim.

· Features of social status

· Status - ce social position, as it includes a profession of this type, economic position, political similarity, demographic features. For example, the status of a hulk I.I. Ivanova is defined as follows: “salesman” is a profession, “practitioner of a hired worker, who takes the average income over the amount of money” - an economical figure, “member of the Liberal Democratic Party” - a political characteristic, “a person at the age of 25 years” - a demographic quality.

· Leather status as an element of a suspіlnogo rozpodіl prаci vengeance of rights and obov'yazkіv.

Rights mean those that a person can freely allow or allow other people. Obov'yazki punish the wearer of the status of the yakіs nebhіdnі dії: a hundred and fifty, to his working place too. Obov'yazki suvoro appointed, fixed in the rules, instructions, regulations and fixed sound. Obov'yazki obmezhuyut behavior with singing frames, shy yogo perebachuvanim. For example, the status of a slave in the ancient world was transferred only by obov'yazki and not by mischievous rights. The totalitarian system of rights has asymmetric obligations: the ruler has maximum rights, and the obligations are minimal; the crossroads have a lot of obov'yazkiv and few rights. In our country, for the Radian hours, a lot of rights were voted in the constitution, but far from all of them could be implemented. The suspіlstvі pravonichiy and obov'yazki symmetrical. It can be boldly said that the ribs of the social development of the suspense should be deposited in the first place, how to spivvednosyasya and how the right-handers and obov'yazki hromadyans are trimmed.

· It is important that the obov'yazki іndivіda transfer yogo vіdpoіdalіnіst їх yakіsne vykonannya.

So, the cut of the goiter at once and sew a suit well; even though it’s not broken, you can’t but as a punishment - pay a penalty or you’ll be punished. The organization of crops is obliged to deliver the products to the deputy under the contract, otherwise it will know the surplus from the fines and penalties. Even in Ancient Assyria, there is such an order (fixed in the laws of Hammurabi): as an architect, having awakened a booth, as if he was called a year, and having crushed the ruler, the architect was spared life.

Tse - one of the early and primitive forms of showing evidence. Ninі form vіyavu vіdpovіdalnostі dosit raznomanіtnі and vznachayutsya culture suspіlstva, equal to social development. Suspіlstvі rights, freedoms and obligations are determined by social norms, laws, traditions of сuspіlstva.

In such a manner status- the position of the individual in the social structure of the supremacy, with other positions through the system of rights, obov'yazkіv and vіdpovіdalnosti.

· Oskіlki kozhna lyudina take the fate of an impersonal group of organizations, they can mother and rich statuses. For example, the fortune teller Ivanov is a man, a man of the middle leagues, a resident of Penza, a salesman, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party, an Orthodox, a Russian, a selector, a football player, a former leader of a beer bar, a man, a father, an uncle, too thin. Have tsomu set of statuses, shcho є be-like people, one є head, key. The head status is the most characteristic for this individual and sounds like the main job of yoga or employment: "seller", "principe", "scientific specialist", "director of the bank", "employee in the industrial enterprise", "household gift" then ). n. The headman stands out that status, which signifies the material state, then, the style of life, near the known, the manner of behavior.

· Assignments(naturalizations, orders) status signifies a statute, nationality, race, tobto. characteristics that are set biologically, the decline of the human being, the crime of will and freedom. The reach of modern medicine is to shatter the statuses and minlivimi. So, it appeared to understand the biological status, socially educated. For the help of surgical operations, a person, like a child, is gravid by a baby, dressed like a girl, thoughtful and thoughtful to himself, like a girl, can become a woman. Vіn know your true pіdlogu, which buv is psychologically smart, but having taken it off at the people. How to become - a person who lives a night - should I take a natural breath? There is no clear answer. Sociologists also cannot determine what kind of nationality a person, a father, is a person of a different nationality. Often, moving to a foreign country with a childish country, emigrants forget their old names, native language and practically do not care about the native bagmen of their new fatherland. And here the biological nationality is vitiated socially.

The status-role concept was broken up in the practice of American sociologists J. Mida і R. Minton .

The role theory of specialty defines the social behavior of two as the main concepts: “social status” and “social role”.

Otzhe, apparently to the appointed concept of skin people sitting at the conscience of the same place.

The place is marked by a low social position, as if conveying the presence of singing rights and obov'yazkiv.

The same positions and social statuses of people. The skin of a person may at once be a kіlka of social statuses. Prote with this, one of the statuses of the head is the main chi basic. As a rule, the basic status reflects the person's posture.

Social status- an integral indicator of the social status of the specialty, social group, which cherishes the profession, qualification, tenure, the nature of the victorious work, material settlement, political affiliation, business connections, century, family camp and others.

In sociology, there is a classification of social statuses on the basis of proponing and nabut.

Status- tse position of a person in a society, like a wine borrows independently of special merits, but is imposed on social otochennyam.

Most of the time, the status of proponing is based on the innate quality of a person (race, become, nationality, age).

Nabutius status- Tse camp at the Suspіlstvі, reach the very people.

However, the specialty of the mother can also change the status, which is a kind of resentment tipi.

Yaskravim butt zmіshanogo status є friendliness.

Krіm zaznachennyh types, are also seen natural and professional-landscape statuses.

Natural status of speciality- the place of a person in the system of suspіlnyh vіdnosin, scho vyznaєєєtsy suttєvimi and vіdno stіykimi characteristics of the person.

Occupational and landowner status- this is a social display, a kind of fixing social, economic and virobniche camp of a person in the household. In this way, the social status signifies a specific place, like borrowing an individual from this social system.

The concept of "social status" is closely related to the concept of "social role".

Social role- tse sukupnіst dіy, yakі maє vikonati lyudina, yak occupies tsey status in the social system.

For each skin, the status of transferring one vikonnannya, but a number of roles. The set of roles that are assigned one status is called a set of roles. Obviously, the greater the camp of a person in society, the greater the social status, the greater the number of victorious roles.

Thus, the importance of the role-playing set of the President of the State and the working metal-rolling plant is quite obvious. The systematization of social roles was first broken up by Parsons, who saw five substations, for which one can classify that role:

1) emotion acting roles are allowed to show a wide range of emotions, otherwise, navpak, - її streaming;

2) withdrawal method- in staleness, depending on the type of status, stench can be proponated or attained by a person independently;

3) scale- obsjag ponovazhen one of the roles of clear introductions, others - omissions;

4) regulation- Deyakі roles suvoro regulated, like, for example, the role of the sovereign service, deyakі rozmitі (the role of a man);

5) motivation- Vikonannya roles for the sake of vlasnoї vgoda, but for the sake of the suspіlnogo good.

The implementation of the social role can also be seen from many sides.

On the one hand, the role of ocularization, as characterized by the singing behavior of a person, depends on their status, on which otochuyuchi members of the society.

From the other side, the role of vikonanny, as it is characterized by the real behavior of the person, as it is respected by its status.

It should be noted that these two role aspects are always running. For those skins from the newcomers, the greatness of the signified people of their behavior, the shards of the bulk of the eye put a strong infusion on the people.

In the normal structure of the social role, there are several elements:

1) a description of the type of behavior that plays this role;

2) order (vimogi), po'yazanі z cієyu behavior;

3) assessment of the role played by the promoted;

4) sanctions - social consequences of those chi іnshої diї at the boundaries of the social system. Social sanctions due to their nature can be moral, implemented without intermediary by a social group through some kind of behavior (znevaga), legal, political, environmental.

Whether the role is not a pure model of behavior. Golovny lucky lankoy between role-playing ochіkuvannyami and role-playing behavior is the character of the individual. Therefore, the behavior of a particular person is not invested in a pure scheme.

Anastasia Stepantsova

Another result of socialization is that people of different statuses, tobto. singing positions in the suspіlstі. Distinguish statuses socialі specialties.

Social status- the camp of an individual (a group of people) in the household is up to the statute, age, pohodzhenny, power, sanctification, occupation of the family, planting, family camp lean. (Student, pensioner, director, team).

Fallow in the role, as if he himself played an individual in order to give his status, there are two main types of social statuses: punishmentsі reach.

Status- this one, which is a kind of taking away from the people, at the recesses, or from the big life of the situation, independently from the bazhannya, the will of that people’s will (stattya, nationality, race is thin).

Reached status- the status of such an awakening of the will and the will of the individual himself (illumination, qualification, settlement too).

special status- the camp of a person in a small (primary) group, who signifies them, as if they were placed before a new one. (practical, diligent, kind-hearted).

Seen the same way naturalі professional gardening status.

natural status special features conveying the essence and visibly stable characteristics of a person (people and women, childishness, youth, maturity, old age).

Professional and landowner- This is the basic status of specialty, for a mature person, it is most often the basis of an integral status. The new one has a social, economic and industrial-technical camp (a banker, an engineer, a lawyer, too).

Social status signifies a specific place, like borrowing an individual from this social system. Also, it can be called that social statuses are structural elements of the social organization of the suspense, as they provide social links between the subjects of the suspense. Colors of blue, ordered at the boundaries of social organizations, are grouped in a similar way to the socio-economic structure of our society, and they establish a well-coordinated system.

Social links between the subjects of social networks, which are established according to social functions, who are safe, establish the peninsula and cross the line in the great field of social networks. With the help of points, the cross-section of the links is in the field of suspensions and social statuses.
At a glance, the social organization of the suspense can be presented in a seemingly collapsible, mutually connected system of social statuses, as it is occupied by individuals, as a result of which they become members of the suspile, hulks of the state.
Suspіlstvo as creating a social status, and th secure social mechanisms for distributing the members of the suspіlstva from these positions. Spivvіdnoshennia mіzh social statuses, scho punished by the suspension of an individual independently due to susil and merits (transferred positions), and statuses, replacement of which lie in the same person (possible positions), are the characteristics of the social organization of the suspіlstva. Prescribed social status is more important than those, the replacement of such ones is automatically taken, people have a connection with their characteristics, how to become, century, people of credibility, race, caste, too.

Spivvіdnennia in the social structure of proponing and attained social statuses is, in fact, an indicator of the nature of the economic and political power, є nutrition about the nature of the supple formation, which nav'yazuє іdpovidnu the structure of social status. The peculiarities of the quality of individuals, okremі buttocks of social visuvannya zagal change the cardinal camp.

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