How to build a merezhev collection from a computer. Chi varto choose a mini-server chi NAS with your own hands chi choose ready? Similar to Mini-ITX self-assembly and I-Stor IS607. why and how to choose

Entry

As if your booth or your organization has more than two computers installed, already because of the need to organize hot access to data, often to a separately connected flash drive, as well as to a printer or an external hard drive. At one time, it is often necessary to see a photo gallery or a media library in an open building. It is not easy to win for one of the working computers, especially if you have a win-free line and advance the help to safety. It is simpler, more convenient and more practical to win a collection of data, and not just a partitioned disk, NAS, but a server, which, if it works with partitioned folders, you can secure FTP access to download files via the Internet, you can act as a web server for a clumsy site . media-libraries and merzhevy cat. Such an attachment with low energy savings can be used in 24x7 mode, but even more compact and noiseless. For home use, use your own BitTorrent client for full-time traffic exchange. Having created such a Torrent client at a sparing speed, you can not be afraid that you will strongly entice your channel to connect, but if you want, it’s a good choice, you can take advantage of the file swidshe.

Vzagali, similar to mini-servers, navit yakscho stinks є shashi for the hard drive, є povnotsіnmi computers, zі their processors, memory that operating system. That is why a lot of koristuvachіv will see old computers packing them in compact cases with noiseless cooling. Today we have an unusual mood: we look at two ideologies of the creation of mini-servers: self-folding or buying a ready-made solution in a store. At the left end of the ring there is a miniature Mini-ITX system with low power consumption, at the right end there is I-Stor IS607.

Our minds: the system can be compact, functional, maximum - with one fan and, obviously, with a great deal of space on the HDD.

Hi live affordable Mini-ITX

The Mini-ITX format became popular in 2001 when introduced by VIA compact computers, For those who are important low power, record-breakingly small rozmіri that summіsnі z architecture x86. Some of us are lucky enough to have VIA EPIA motherboards with dimensions of 170x170 mm with integrated processors and passive cooling, some of us have a good chance of victorious їхні budinki, al tsі payment, like and processors, there are two extremely negative moments: low productivity, sometimes unacceptable for the most popular operating rooms Windows systems XP і high varіst, yaku can bіbrati bіbrati half of the computer format MicroATX. However, the situation was corrected by Intel, which released in 2007 affordable D201GLY motherboards in µATX format with integration of Celeron 215 processors with a 533 MHz system bus. Although the compatibility with the Mini-ITX standard (more precisely, with the sizes and layouts of VIA EPIA boards, which set the industry standard) is not 100%, the board size of 171.45x171.45 mm allows you to squeeze її into Mini-ITX cases. That saysmeme itself about the form factor.

Obviously, this board, or rather, the updated version of Intel D201GLY2A looks like the best option for a home mini-server or a small disk. Why is the mainboard based on the "non-standard" for the processor logic giant SiS662+SiS964, since the D945GCLF series based on the Intel 945C+ICH7 chipset based on the Atom processor has already been announced? Therefore, for productivity tests, Atom will run the old Celeron 215, and the advantages of energy-saving technologies will cleanly beat the unpretentiousness of the veterinary bridge. As a result, following the advice of our colleagues, the novelty is better, but less so. So we choose D201GLY2A, as it is cheaper in a few times for analogues from the VIA company.

Specifications for the Intel D201GLY2A motherboard

Form Factor Mini-ITX

• Processor:

  Soldered processor Intel Celeron 220

  Core frequency - up to 1.2 GHz

  Support for 64-bit extensions

  L2 cache size - 512 KB

  System bus frequency 533 MHz

  Active CPU cooling

  Thermal imaging - up to 19 W

• One 240-pin DDR2 DIMM socket

  Support for DDR2 memory modules with a frequency of 400 - 667 MHz (DDR2 667 modules operate at a frequency of 533 MHz)

  Maximum memory capacity - 1 GB

• Pivnichny place: SiS662

  Pivdenny place: SiS964L

  Support Serial ATA 150

  Support 6 ports USB 2.0

Integrated graphics core SiS Mirage

Audio codec ADI AD1888

Merezhevy adapter Broadcom 10/100 Mbps

Ports on the back panel:

• 1 last COM port

  1 parallel LPT port

  2 USB port 2.0

  1 mesh RJ45 port

  1 VGA port in the installed video adapter

  3 audio jacks 3.5 mm

  2 PS/2 port for keyboard and mouse.

Internal Ports:

• Raiser 4 port USB 2.0

  2 Serial ATA ports

  1 dual channel Parallel ATA port

  Riser for connecting audio ports

Hardware monitoring:

• Voltage sensor

  temperature sensor

  Two 3-pin female fans

  Fan speed control

Vartist vrozdrib - close to 65$

Well, what can I say, the motherboard from the Intel company looked like a cicada. For a cost of $60 with a processor, this board was quickly spun in our laboratory, in an OEM package.

Payment for linivih: no need to select and install a processor, no cooler. Just add a memory module, a life block - and it will start up!

Just a little bit of understanding, that all of us were talking about Mini-ITX, and they were talking about VIA EPIA, and then Intel came up with its own decisions... sche zіtknemosya pіd hour of folding min-server. In the meantime, the hour has come to choose the body.

Cases in the Mini-ITX format are few on the market, so why choose. The axis is only relatively compact, which wins the main advantage of this format - one. The largest brands in Russia are Casetronic, G-Atlantic and Morex. Vivchivshi pluses and minuses of the skin of them, peacefully vybir on the melancholy of a compact case in the Mini-ITX format with us, which you can buy in Moscow.

• Sides:

Mothers at home server, dezberіgayutsya all sorts of films and music - a long-standing intrusive idea. For a certain period of time, the role of the "server" is budgetary fourteen"-inch Dell laptop, In some way, the charge controller was broken, then the sound.

In the middle there were two terabyte hard drives (replacing the DVD drive with a SATA adapter on the day of purchase), 4 gigabytes of RAM, and Windows 7 Pro (with a “yard” license). Vіn buv connections to the router through a 100-megabit mesh card, and on two disks were flashed. folders» with music and films.

By itself, the scheme looked stupid, but it managed to cope with grief in its own heads: working on a torrent client, BitTorrent Sync, і abyak you can watch movies from WiFi from other computers and set-top boxes Xiaomi MiBox connected to the projector. “So-so” - to the one that the maximum can be seen DVD rip, it took close to hwilini, rewind practically guaranteed to lead to a hang-up. And vin wildly blowing fans and on nothing yogo had vimikati. Well i merged folders were periodically valued.

Then the share of the laptop turned around, breaking down to a younger brother, and turning to me, my old friend. EeePC 701 wear the title of the first in the light of the netbook. This is my first mobile computer, having appeared in 2008 as a roci, and exclusively on the miniature keyboard, I wrote lecture notes from the third to fifth courses. I to China vіn zі me z'їzdiv on tsiliy rіk. Then I got a smarter machine, and a netbook for my young brother... and now, for a sprat of rock, I turned back to me. I now know my friend life.

EeePC 701

Post wiyshov finish the rozlogi, ale pіdsumuyu. In general, I achieved what I wanted: collection of files over 4 TB, torrent rocker pratyuє (I take through Transmission from a laptop), photos from phones are backed up via BitTorrent Sync, films as they go don't play tricks. Sometimes, however, on great files when reviewing Mibox a zipper is heard here for 30 seconds after creation, but the re-launch of the film solves the problem. I don’t care about connecting through a 100 Mbit card and a USB 2.0 card, I don’t have any other movies, and it’s comfortable to watch. I practically no noise: under Ubuntu the netbook practically does not heat up, what can not be said about yogo old Windows XP, de vin rev_v like a turbine

Ale є i minus. Roses USB is not hard, and if you want to damage the cables of the hard disks, or if the EeePC itself is damaged, then discs are valued and have to restart the system (remount earlier). Well, if necessary, copy the s / to NAS security 16 Mbps absolutely confused. In the nearest future I will try to find a replacement on a normal platform.

UPDATE 2015.07.29: In order to replace this monster, a self-selected HTPC on a MiniITX-board has come.

How I built a NAS (merezhev skhovische) from an old netbook and a 2.5″ HDD

// - Notes of a white tiger - Vladimir Zh //

A little bit of explanation. NAS - tse fast, what happened to english movie. Vaughn means Network Attached Storage, otherwise it's a real treasure. You can save photo or video files on these discs, but it doesn't matter if you have any other information. You can take access to it with any kind of attachment, be it a telephone, a TV set, game console or a computer.

A few more words about the possession, as mi vikoristovuёm for the creation of our self-selected NAS: WD Red 6 TB drives and make up for a simple Synology case.

Start folding NAS

Let's pick up. For the cob v_dklademo disks ub_k i marvel at the case. If you look like this, you will bring yoga to your home.

The case can be opened from one side by simply sliding the panel to get it in place. You can clearly see the SATA roses for connecting disks. Each case can be equipped with more than two discs.

In principle, you can tell. We take one hard drive and carefully insert it into the slot. Let's put another disk on the spot. Reward respect: roznіmannya guilty zbіgatisya.

Now it is important to fix the hard disks, securing them with screws on both sides: two chotiri screws per disk. It is necessary, so that the vibrations do not vibrate and the disks are fixed in the slots.

Otzhe, we screwed the disks. We put a cover on the body and close it.

Rotate the body at the outer position and fasten it with screws on the back wall.
NAS cancelled. Now it is necessary to connect electricity to the fence. For whom we are taking a wonderful fencing cable And it is connected to the required rose, and then - to the electrical supply. Ideally, if the NAS connects directly to the router.

In a moment I will explain why it is important to have access to the Internet.

First, software security NAS will be updated to provide you with more security and more functional interface.
In a different way important for the organization of groups of koristuvachs. You can create ob_kov_ records, expand your rights. For example, you can grant the right to write information to the disk, so you can only review the data. You can attach other files or give full access to them, for example, access to music from your smartphone.

And now blame the power: now the NAS needs are on fire and why you can’t get by with the great hard drive that lies here at the booth. Our message: through the security of saving data. With 12 TB on disks, it is effectively less than 6 TB, but make sure it is up to date backup copy.

Visnovok: about 600 euros for such a system - it's worth paying a lot of pennies, but the investment pays off if you want to be aware of the reliability of saving money.

Software supply

How to softify your home treasure? Obviously, you can just install FreeNAS, or you can search for alternative solutions. So you don’t joke about easy paths, ours make you need to be obediently.

OpenMedia Vault

The FreeNAS alternative - OpenMediaVault - is based on Linux Debian. All NAS software with open code that supports FTP, SFTP, SSH, AFS, SMB and CIFS standards.

Appendices: You can install various advanced protocols and standards to expand your NAS.

Zastosuvannya: OpenMedia Vault is especially suitable for home victoria.

Merezhev functions: WakeOnLAN, Link Aggregation, and also new standard IPv6.

Monitoring: for this, you can tweak syslog, watchdog, S.M.A.R.T., SNMP (v1/2c/3) or email.

Technical service: If your NAS is running on OpenMediaVault, then you can serve that system through a web interface.

NAS4free

NAS4free - all software security with open code. Vіn foundations on FreeBSD and can also be virtualized on a matter-of-fact basis. NAS4free supports standard FTP, SMB, NFS, TFTP and AFP protocols.

Appendices: You can install a web server on the NAS and host websites there.

Stagnation area: NAS4free virtualization options are suitable for both large servers and home victories. Yogo hardware support is truly unique.

Merezhev functions: NAS4free supports WakeOnLAN and IPv6.

Monitoring: You can choose the way where the statistical data will be collected. You can also view statistics in real time via the interface.

Technical service communicate through the interface.

UnRAID

UnRAID - tse software security, yake go for different programs. UnRAID hopes to be cost-free for the first 30 days, after which you pay from $59 to $129. The cheap basic package (price: $59) allows you to win six connected outbuildings, the middle package (price: $89) - twelve outbuildings. With the Pro package (price: $ 129), the number of outbuildings is not fenced. May be supported by a 64-bit and 86-bit system. UnRAID also promotes the possibility of virtualization.

Appendices: UnRAID supports expansion without any problems for the help of additional hard disks. It also requires a good boost of SSD.

Zastosuvannya: UnRAID is more suitable for professional supplements. Vіn zdatny pіdtrimuvatі vіdkі vіrіvі z bagatmа zhorstky disks.

Merezhev functions: UnRAID only cares about memory, and for some functions it can be based on a different operating system.

Monitoring zdіysnyuєtsya through a web interface.
Technical service also through the web interface.

In the article, there is a description of the methodology for framing a joint on the basis of a sizable server, nuances are suggested, and recommendations are given, including those with special information.

Entry

Articles on kshtalt "Let's build a fence (NAS) with our own hands" are written enough. With some richness, they look approximately "... they knew the distribution kit, copied it to a USB flash drive, inserted it into the computer and it's a joy to live." ticking moments as a designated role (simpler seeming, navіscho tse necessary), selection of components, testing, particularity of future exploitation, too.

This time, we’ll take a little bit of another way and a little bit of it, we’ll describe it, it’s necessary, then we’ll think about it, as if it’s safe and respectful. Let's try, even if "galloping Europe" to recognize the key moments of such life.

This article may be aware of the nature and does not claim to be completely help from the encouragement of the fences (NAS) on whether or not there are fluctuations in life.

NAS(Network Attached Storage) - one of the options for the data storage system (SHD). In fact, it is a high-specialized file server, whose software (and sometimes hardware) is imprisoned exclusively for the operation of exchanging and saving data. Work through the TCP/IP protocol stack if you want to be blamed.

Traditionally, NAS supports data transfer behind protocols file access: SMB (CIFS), NFS, APF and others. In the last hour, the NAS began to implement and support protocols for block access, for example, iSCSI.

Note. Strictly ostensibly, the robot in the mode of block access is the prerogative of another group of attachments - SAN (Storage Area Network). In fact, a current block-access NAS is just a hybrid SAN/NAS. Ale, regardless of the symmetrical writing on the garne, naming yoga all the same will be NAS. So shorter and louder.

NAS self-tapping advantages

The idea is broadened that enthusiasts are the same on the creation of a self-made NAS, they are the same, they knew the old server and do not know what to do with it. However, among the electors of the ruling NAS, there are a lot of pragmatic people who know exactly what they want new systems and how to implement. What are the motives for collapsing people, what are they buying or renting a server to build a new collection?

First, tse bajannya zbuduvati system pіd yourself. Most of the distribution kits for the NAS - open source code, available for any revisions and modifications.

The main possibility of adaptation is not only through the installation of third-party plugins, but also directly change the software for your needs. For example, add the system monitoring agent just fine.

In a different way tse wide possibilities for modernization of the hardware part. So it is possible, like replacing the processor with more power, replacing the RAID controller or HBA, installing a wired adapter - it would only improve software security and drivers. All the same, you can be vigilant, lower the cup, ready to close your eyes.

Prices for possessions are constantly changing, so there is no sense in making specific sums. Ale varto it means that a NAS ready for a 12 HDD drive with a hard processor will not be so cheap. Therefore, for your needs, a custom server according to your brand, install a distribution kit on a new distribution kit - for rich vipadkivs - it is a completely competitive solution.

Note. We are preparing NAS to navit in vіd vіdomih vіrobnіvіv tezh time to be brought up to tinker with the hour of operation. Upgrade the firmware, contact the technical support for the improvement of working power, or build for a guarantee. Option "purchased, delivered and forgotten" - for more virobniks tse zovsim neobov'yazkova option.

An even more important aspect is the need for practical proof. It can be said with confidence that the creation of a lace collection with your own hands gives you a better chance to grow up in data collection systems as a whole. Having studied at the courses of that other vendor, you can still not learn about those other nuances, as they say, “float on the surface”. Also, during the development, no one will acquire knowledge about those who seem to be really “closed”, how the components interact and so on.

Yakі can buti nedolіki tsgogo directly?

First, the creative process will drag on. The time has long come to put it into operation, and then they didn’t conduct another thousand first test, they didn’t rewrite it in the literary style, divided it into documentation, and so on ... :)

In a different way, obviously, you need singing in your actions. If you think about the re-verification of the idea on the "old haul", it's not so easy to drive the evidence. But if you bring yourself to spend money alive and then trust your "self-sacrifice" to your data, sometimes it’s smart to be respected.

The role of that expansion of NAS in the IT infrastructure is correctly recognized

For whom, there are two options for choosing a NAS: for the role of an independent file server, and for the role of storage.

NAS as file server

Call the additional file server for the expansion of the main corporate server. Most of the cost is related to the exchange of functions when integrating into Active Directory.

Irrespective of those that most of the current distribution kits for critical systems somehow support the possibility of distributing rights on the basis of mutual modality with AD, more subtle "days", so, like group policies, using special software for monitoring and security for Windows environments - on the NAS platform, best of all, will not be available.

Vikoristannya NAS - yak SRS

Here the following numbers may be repeated:

Expanding the disk space of servers. Seemingly simpler, it was not enough time - they added a collection to the Merezheve and connected new volumes, for example, iSCSI, on the servers.

Additional resource for backup. For example, as a rule, they don’t waste money on line resources; And just one of the applications for combining NAS and a string library.

Additional SRS for a virtual system. Do not start the need to host those and other virtual machines on Swedish resources. One can dosit a simple NAS with volumes connected to the NFS protocols or iSCSI.

Select software

Under the hour of the creation of NAS, there are two ways: we will quickly prepare a special distribution kit or create our own version on the basis of a universal operating system.

Yakshcho є bajannya thoroughly rozіbratisya at all subtleties of software security hardware security And create a unique system for yourself with the most flexible customizations - you can take an OpenSource distribution kit, for example, one of the Linux, FreeBSD, Open Indiana collections, having seriously overhauled, robiti a platform for a wet lace collection.

As soon as possible, we are preparing a popular distribution kit for NAS.

That same time to go for the bazhayushchih collapse from simple to collapsible - for the cob vykoristovyte ready-made distribution kit, sob otrimati pochatkovu vistava and then collapse far away.

Among the ready-made distribution kits there are three most important directives:

based on FreeBSD - FreeNAS, NAS4Free, ZFSGuru;

based on Solaris - NexentaStor;

based on Linux - Open-E, OpenMediaVault, RockStor.

The main "rodzinka" distribution kits FreeNAS, NAS4Free, ZFSGuru, as well as NexentaStor and Open-E support and other variations of the ZFS file system.

RockStor is an experimental distribution that ships the Btrfs repository.

OpenMediaVault is a deserving distribution based on Debian that supports file systems: XFS, JFS, ext2/ext3/ext4 - povna pidtrimka, NTFS and FAT32 - in read/write mode. It is important that all distributions of ZFS are expected to achieve high levels of hardware security.

People's note: If there is less than 16GB RAM on the server - there is no particular sense in messing around with ZFS.

Another important nuance is that the stars are planning to launch the operating system itself. I have two options:

the system will immediately start from the clock, for example, from a USB flash drive, or as soon as possible, and then the image will expand the operational memory;

standard installed on permanent hard drive.

For example, NAS4Free can be installed as change nose, so on the hard disk, and for OpenMediaVault it is better to select the hard disk because of the swap partition. And here I am going back to power, but how can I install a hard drive or SSD for the system? After that, as we have chosen our services, we will move on to the choice of hardware security.

Operational configuration

Most of today's OpenSource distributions support a wide range of server configurations. Ale dosі іsnuyet deyakі progaliny for pіdtrimki obladnannya. Below is a description of such "planned surprises".

Important! You need to be smart, so you don’t have to take even a cheap server with a minimal configuration and a way to install an economical distribution kit to take away a highly productive SRS.

RAID controller or HBA

Deyakі RAID-controllers, HBA and merezhnі cards can not be supported by that chi іnshmu distributions. The symptom of the call looks something like this - the distribution kit is being taken, for example, from a flash drive, and the disks are “do not churn” the system.

In some cases, the Firmware flashing is broken, in some cases - by installing a fresh driver from the controller's choice, in others - by switching to a new or different distribution kit. Do not help with the most important vipadkas third party drivers no for changing the firmware.

Merezhev adapters

The problem is about the same as the one with HBA and RAID controllers. You can fight, but sometimes you can get locked in with the full day of support.

Okremo varto talk about the transmission characteristics. It is necessary to accurately indicate, not only how you have a thread at once, but you will be in the future.

For example, if the Gigabit Ethernet standard is being reversed on a twisted pair, and then it is planned to reverse the 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP (optical fiber), then it will be necessary to power the system in both cases.

Number of expansion slots

As it has been said more, one of the most important reasons for creating your own lace collection is the possibility of its modernization. Ale, even more feasibility for tsgogo vzhe urizan virobnik obladnannya, varto poshukati іnshiy variant of the mother board or server platform.

Possibility of installation in the case of additional components

Approximately, the same option, which is higher, but here it is possible to stick more and more from the day for food, not to eat roses.

How to configure configuration

We take a description of the configuration of the selected server, including the chipset, HBA or RAID controller, network adapter, etc., and the features that are supported in the given distribution kit and it should be noted that it is in the server specification.

Porada. Sometimes it's easier to add a remote component to the server configuration, for example, an HBA or a memory card, it's a long time and tedious to install, which model is inserted into the motherboard, which is to be trimmed.

It’s not clear tsey pristriy If not, then let's go to the site of the virobnik and specify which is the driver for this system. For example, for NAS4Free, drivers from the manufacturer of the free version of FreeBSD are suitable.

And Yakscho everything is nasty - we choose another distribution kit or another server configuration.

Important! All the delicate moments of the summation must be propagated until the possession of the way of the relay analysis of the specifics. In order not to help the distributor to give the opportunity to change or turn around, and also not to buy more daily.

testuvannya

Supposedly, they have already purchased possession of a properly sized configuration.

The first reverb is for summation. Nasampered to the summіsnіst hardware and software security. For those who want to speed up, we are preparing a distribution kit, it’s simple - we’ll take a fresh version, install it on the server and marvel that it’s “better” with the possession. It has earned everything that they wanted - it means we can go to testing for productivity. Yakshcho nі - virishuemo nourishment of the summation.

For performance verification, we need one more computer with lower specs to protest the NAS without regard to the performance of other data exchange components. Again, it should be noted that testing is the whole science. And far from zavzhd rozrahunkovі that ochіkuvanі znachenya vіdpodіdat that, scho go to practice. Let us listen to that, for the sake of Kozmi Prutkov, “it is impossible to touch it” and vibrating in nuances.

The simplest type of test is just a copy of the files and an hour. It is recommended to try copying a large file of a fixed size and typing more small files of the same total size. So we took a good hard-wired computer, mounted a network resource on our NAS, hibernated and launched a copy. Appointed an hour for completion. Likewise, pay respect to such displays, like the processor's zavantazhennya, RAM victories, and so on.

For the simplest views, you can try running the top command and see the progress. For folded vipadkіv іsnuyuet special zasobi. Varto vrakhovuvaty, scho utilities, for which we are afraid of navantage on the processor, memory, exchange rate in the measure, they themselves save system resources. In order to take the complete picture, it is necessary to carry out control tests on the quality of copying with the help of vigilant guardians of the system.

Another type of test is for additional specialized programs, for example, depending on the day.

Testing methodology - this is already a big topic, a lot of materials have been published on how many materials have been published, only a few choices are left manual way for yourself.

Respect! Do not always declare the exchange rate as soon as it is confirmed the transfer rate of real data as files.

Therefore, it is recommended to carry out testing not only on the created NAS, but also on other systems (computers), in order to take into account the average value. It is easy to compare with the results in this medium of operation.

There are three options for testing results:

Characteristics vіdpovіdat ochіkuvanim minds of the middle of exploitation.

Characteristics vary depending on the points, but in a narrower space, as it is necessary to expand. For example, an SSD cache is required.

Characteristics vary depending on the points, but the vuzke place did not show up. For example, all control points: processor, memory, disk subsystem, merezhna subsystem, etc. - work in a mode that does not reach the normal drive.

The third type is the most complicated. The best recommendation, if you can help, is to try another software security (another distribution). In addition, it helps to install a different driver on the HBA or a RAID controller, for example, a fresh driver from the picker. Krim testing for productivity is also testing for durability to maturity. For example, how does a RAID (hardware or software) behave in case of a piecewise disk failure, what links on duplicating merezh channels are saved in case of an accident on one of them and so on.

Last operation

How often buvay - they took away more or less decent data for an hour of testing, but they became more provajuvati. As a result, we will take a bunch of unacceptable surprises, which did not appear during testing.

How to get away? Only a path of progressive commissioning. Naygolovnіshe - all the whole hour respectfully guard for new possessions and carefully control the selected parameters.

For example, not all selected virtual machines can be transferred to a new iSCSI volume, only one. І revіryаєmo її work. Everything is fine, for a day you can transfer one more. In two more days - two more and so far.

The main advantage of such an approach lies in the fact that it is an hour that the “surprises” themselves will suddenly wake up and launch the system to the full extent. In addition, the time has come to write instructions, clarify the regulations, update the documentary base for new realities.

Zrozumіlo, it is impossible to look at all aspects at the borders of one article. Ale, we were able to get to know you with the main nuances, like a varto vrakhovuvaty for the hour of everyday life of the Merezhian convents.

Part of perch: colder weather

Yogo can be extinguished, and in the broth pokrishit,
І taxes from the sheep are not good.

Lewis Carroll, Watching the Snark

Be someone, someone building a brother personal computer and install Windows, for the problem you can get in and out of the windows to dosing the NAS with x86-sum download and free *nix-based selections. With this, apparently, the number of installed disks contributes to the versatility and labor cost of the project only the versatility of disks. Which allows you to seriously reward the purchase of a ready-made NAS for 4 and more disks, but it is unlikely that your consumer will be satisfied with a NAS for 1-2 disks. It is impossible to say which option is better. Kozhen maє his perevagi. Who is miraculously prepared at home, and who is free to dine at the restaurant. Do you bring satisfaction with computer software and zaliz? Same text can be redone. Do you need a service of saving yourself? Choose between a gloomy bunch and prepare NAS out of the box.

N. B This article is not about the model of possession and not about the version software product. Vaughn about the concept of creating a NAS with your own hands and proponing to look at other options for accomplishing the task, in addition to buying a ready-made add-on. The topic of the agreement, there are a thousand sides of discussion. The people there are vvіchlivy and strange. Do not put pressure on those who do not claim to be completely academic, truth in the rest of the instance.

What is a NAS?

Behind the words of Wikipedia, NAS (English Network Attached Storage) - mesh system sberіgannya danih, shovische. Tse computer, connections to the measure and appointments for the provision of services for saving data to other outbuildings. Operating system This NAS-module software provides the robot with a collection of data from that file system, access to files, as well as control over system functions. Attachment is not intended for the execution of the most important tasks, although the launch of other programs on a new one can be possible from a technical point of view. Sound NAS add-ons do not mess up the screen and keyboard, but rather they are adjusted as needed, often behind the help of a browser.

The design is not ideal, but rather more efficient. NAS vikoristovuyuyut and in business, but it has its own strengths and features. Us same tsіkavitime home vikoristannya NAS.

Before the idea of ​​picking up NAS with your own hands, people come and sound two ways, and often both of them. If you have one computer at home, NAS is not needed. Postupovo z'yavlyayutsya іnshі merezhі pristroї. Laptops, smartphones, tablets. And especially - some HD media players, all sorts of Dune, Popcorn, WD TV are similar to them. The same people often start accumulating terabytes of information with the help of a merezhny media player. You save money on replacement hard disks that are connected to the media player and / or on everything that is added to the main computer. Nezabar disks become too rich for hand-me-downs, and it’s easy to quietly jiggle the computer, which at the same time downloads from the Internet, if it’s not for you, then I’ll pay half of it. Vinicate the idea of ​​picking up a bunch of disks in an okrem box, put it somewhere at the kut and hand it over to distribute content to the usual outbuildings and download torrent. Vіtayu, you came to NAS by the first path. On the way, they glanced obov'yazkovo at the ready NAS, out of the box. Ale price!

The other way is through hardware upgrades. As a result, trochs less than a cubic meter of components are accumulated, so it’s important to sell it, but there is no one to give it to. Plushkin in the middle of us to know їm korisne zastosuvannya in the idea of ​​arranging NAS. And at the same time, satisfy your craving to dig in the guts of a white computer. It is not for nothing that a cheerful American wrote that a robot with a computer is the only legal way today to know who is reasonable for you.

Well, є th іnshі ways. For example, you are a photographer and you will require an extra saving of rich archives. Abo loving father, who knows on the video the skin of his baby. І etc. The axis is only rarely such scenarios to build up the NAS with your own hands. More often - before buying ready-made from the box. Consume such koristuvachіv uupvennyayutsya satisfied with 1-2 disk models ready NAS. It’s important for a neophyte amateur to choose the same thing for the expansion, noise and price of 1-2 disk models, it’s possible to get excited.

For ready-made NAS, it’s important to note that they give impersonal capabilities and functions “out of the box” that require minimal installation / customization / tuning. So it’s really necessary to put in the work of programmers, technical support and others.

The situation is drastically changing, as 1-2 disks do not work, and the need for 4 and more. Marketers virobnikiv install them with a price tag, which is familiar with a computer price tag people throw frustration at the camps (want to stench at their own kudi like folk words). I people begin to choose the hardware configuration, to which we pass. If you want to yoma varto, it would be mostly software, but you can’t go against nature.

Zalіzo lie down in the vicory software. Soft - according to the tasks set. And the correct setting of the head of the family was a strong force for the home master. That's why you start the wine from the hall. Even before the NAS came up with a bunch of parts that were left out of upgrades, the good news is that the stench is coming, let's not be optimal. Navit do not be surprised.

Pomela according to Komori

In order to comfortably enjoy watching FullHD videos, including images of BD discs, we need at least:

• 1-2 gigabytes of RAM, so ZFS and 4-8 won't be beaten, maybe more, so ZFS will be. (About ZFS - pіznіshe, intolerant Google for help.) But you can use rarities from 256 MB for a little more;
• x86-sum processor, ideally (i for ZFS) - 64-bit, but also 32-bit processor for more options. Tobto be-like x86-processor krim is already known to museums. Bazhano - less warm, but here it’s already;
• a wired Ethernet port, rather than a gigabit one - even 100 megabits is sufficient for reviewing as many BD images. Connecting a NAS over Wi-Fi is a great idea (but if you're self-sufficient, you have a lot more freedom in choosing wireless controllers);
• disks and SATA-spoil. For NAS, there is no difference between SATA-2 (at 3 Gb/s) and SATA-3 (at 6 Gb/s). The non-leather disk is more practical, the lower is the ancient SATA-1, so you can beat it. And the axis of IDE disks, according to modern understanding, is more common, small, hot and loud. Although the SATA ports are not installed, you can change the controllers. But if you (if) you decide to move to a new place, then the purchase of a militia for an old SATA-controller motherboard will be lying idle. I know from my own experience, I have two lying around. First protection with disks over 2 TB. A lot of old controllers are insane with them. And among the SATA-1 controllers they trap and so, they don’t work with disks larger than a terabyte - however, it’s already old and rare;
• Zrozumilo, the building, where everything is close and the block of life, which is more potyagne. Z BP є subtle, maє sens to look at the new, div. lower.

Better for everything, zalizo, which has been left out of upgrades, so we can please. And if there would be no more noise (otherwise, where to clean up) - then you were spared. You can experiment more.

Indposhittya

If you choose NAS from specially supplied components, then the order of the varto will be assigned to the benefits. Most often (although you can’t touch it) ask to share with other groups, smartly “quiet-compact”, “efficiently expandable” and “server-so-server”. I will clarify that the correct option is not clear. Adzhe calls a favor, show that one’s ability to be a coristuvach himself. And the axis is wrong - it is possible. If the result is not shown explicitly or implicitly, we will set it when designing the help. For example, the team to declare that the box is, of course, great. Ale vie yak letak, and it won’t be good to live in the same apartment with her. Otherwise, the system has not been tested for testing the inlet. Abo corny zatikaetsya video for an hour I'll look through the mesh. It is better for him to faint on the birch. Especially - implicit.

An important note. We are talking about NAS, and not about HTPC (Home Theater PC), that is not about a computer that shows movies with sound on a large screen connected to video output. In principle, nothing hinders your HTPC performance, including those with a lot of hard disks, wanting more for HTPC and NAS, as well as software and software that are designed for them, even differently. HTPC is another topic.

Quiet-compact

This set could be formed under the infusion of ready-made NAS. I want a compact and quiet, but 4 discs fit (often 6, sometimes more). This may lead to the choice of a Mini-ITX motherboard with a soldered Atom-like processor housed in a compact package. Apply - troch lower.

Even worse, the solution is configured - HP Proliant Microserver (). Compact, reasonably priced (at 12,000 at the moment), 4 hard disks, five times you can insert a replacement ODD, loaded into the NAS. І for the help of a small tambourine, it is normal to work out assignments for the ODD SATA port. Nedoliki - far from hard processor, but for rich scenarios - sufficient. As a microserver, having ruled you, virushaemo in the distribution of the program.

HP Proliant Microserver - a clear and inexpensive candidate for the role of a home NAS

Yakshcho nі - on the other hand, we choose the case for the number of disks (the number of disks required for the system, to store the OS. We have discussed the program and it is negotiable.). Here, at the essence of the pontiv of an aesthetic sense of greed and efficiency, the first re-verification on the mentality of the concept of "quiet-compact" takes place. Garni compact cases are not cheap. Like a victory over a toad to efficiency to efficiency, let's go on choli effectively-expanding. There, it is virushaemo, as if the body was allowed to install the microATX motherboard. As a matter of fact, aesthetics overcame - we choose the Mini-ITX (Mini-DTX) motherboard. First win - maximum SATA ports (possible with eSATA upgrades). In principle, floor options from 6 SATA ports were released. Ale chi go to know here and at once - food. Although not available, PCIe SATA controllers on 2 and 4 ports are available. Well, obviously, a PCIe slot is needed. To improve the fact that the Mini-ITX has one wine, the expansion for each one will end.

Apply everything from real life, often with dorobki and additional photos - divas. FAQ at profile gіltsі, rozdіl 3.1

* At the same time, motherboards with E-350 became rare, they were replaced by versions with E-450. SATA ports - less;
** Not available for sale, but div., for example, ASUS P8H77-I;
*** the author, through a self-contained raiser, adding a little, a little, rather, special perfectionism;
**** Prices - an estimate for the prohannya editorial staff daily Yandex Market, for hours - Price.ru, for hours - analogues. The estimate is rough, because there are no such models for sale, and the known prices are not obov'yazkovo relevant. The price is not guaranteed data disks, system used HDD for the obvious insurance like 1000 rubles.

Chodo "quietly" є subtle. The first blow is “re-passive”. However, more vipads accept an argument about those that 4-6 disks will vibrate more noise, lower side 120-mm fan with lower wraps. If anything, you need to be smart, that for everything you need to pay, and a compact case, with other equals, will appear noisier than a spacious standard one with great fans.

The peculiarity of a soldered processor is obvious - productivity. Although it is not enough, it is more important to use the Mini-ITX format. Ale, for the sake of it, I need to say that it’s not obov’yazkovo, equally. configuration for maestro padavan.

Folding in the padavan, as you can see - superbly compact

In early childhood, Intel Atom S1200 (Centerton) was announced as a server application. If you're up for sale, you can be an option for a home NAS. Support for ECC memory, Intel Virtualization (VT-x), 8 PCI-E lanes, 8 GB of memory - click here for more options.

Efficiently expandable

Significant part of the NAS-builders - who once, who got stuck with the exchange options on Atom-like processors, - changed the configuration, which allows for serious expansion. According to the processor, memory, and sampered - for the number of disks. As it has already been said, NAS is ready to roll on 4 disks is not cheap, and on 8-10 the roads for the house are already fenced. At the same time, it’s not important to finish the expanses of the body at the same time. For example, in my case, which was left out of the upgrade of the Craft computer (they didn’t save on the case), I bag 7 pieces at a time. 3.5″ disks and can be installed without special problems 3.5″ drives. Div. Butt at the Vitrati branch.

Oskilki NAS works 24/7, I would like a power-efficient processor (Moscow has 35 rubles on the river bed). Intel Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge Seriously lowering the power supply in idle time, even though the NAS is rather weakly occupied for the left part of the hour. Therefore, the energy saving of such a NAS can be shown to be lower, lower in the version on Atom, which cannot reduce the power saving in simple ones. Take the very model of the processor to take into account in order for it to work transcoding video in real time.

A lot of modern TVs may have the functionality of DLNA, which allows you to receive video on local lines. The problem is that there are fewer coding options. I often call not those who victorious rip and remux, which are found in the open spaces of Merezh. The task can be done in a number of ways. (1) Shukati cinema in a format that remembers your TV. Tse whip that wag the dog. (2) Re-encode the movie on the computer to start the TV. Spend an hour and maybe only on your own taken video. (3) Convert NAS to real-time transcoding (4) Buy a media player, then a small box, as well as take as many as NAS, video files, and send to a TV set with an audio-video signal receiver, play HDMI. If you chose option (3), then you need to check the specifics of your TV and look around Core i7. Plus, through the exchange in DLNA vzagali, and in the implementation of the marketing idea in your TV, zocrema, you can’t get into the whole world. Option (4) on equal prices is not only simpler and functional, but also cheaper. Same as NAS processor pіdіyde, in fact, whether it's a younger Pentium or Celeron of the 2nd or 3rd Generation Core. You can take i3, since the cost of discs will be insignificant in pairs. Choose for taste. In order to fine-tune the final or detailed residual matching of candidate models, you can test the division of processor tests on iXBT. I took my Intel Pentium G2120 as the youngest at that time Ivy Bridge. Younger Sandy Bridge is cheaper and more affordable.

Available at time of writing AMD processors Intel doesn't mind aphids - although AMD is generously generous with its processors supporting ECC memory, it's possible that the company will suddenly appear competitive, for example Opteron 3250 with a declared price of $99.

Motherboard ASUS P8H77-M: 7 SATA, up to 32 GB RAM

Motherboard. I took ASUS P8H77-M Pro with the following mirrors:

• LGA1155, when video is taken automatically through the processor, it is needed only at the installation stage;
• maximum number of SATA ports, no matter, 3 or 6 Gb/s (7 SATA + eSATA);
• rather than 4 slots for memory, but rather 2 (4 to 32 GB);
• іntegrirovaniya 1000BaseTX, it's important that it's better than Intel. Ale with the improvement of the presence of the processor in reserve calculus, and Realtek Miracle Pide (Realtek 8111F);
• PCIe slots are optionally installed in a future SATA controller mesh cards(x16, x4 for x16 slot, 2 x1);
• Form factor - microATX.

The cooler is chosen to the taste, the memory - for the vimogi obranoї OC. Here it is possible to expand the number of gigabytes up to 32.

The block of living was brought to an end.

Apply the described option:

server-so-server

Іsnuє "premial" category of NASbudivniki, yakі z ob'ktivnyh sub'ktivnyh reasons will be NAS іznіh seroznyh and expensive server components. Enthusiasts experiment with 10-gigabit fencing solutions. Keep in mind that the server configuration is mostly due to the dimensions and the noise is not the same as living quarters. The possibility of using ECC memory is the most obvious priority for the approach. File system ZFS, which is victorious in this segment of the home NAS, actively vicorizes memory. In case of any loss in memory, you can bring to an unmarked creation the data that is lost. ECC memory overcomes the problem, but for some reason, the Intel version needs server processors (for example, the Pentium G2120) and the motherboard.

Most often, virtualization is victorious, and the sprat of the guest's OC virues the task, in the skin one - it's like its own. Expansion option, if the SATA controller is passed into virtual machine, which defeats the functionality of the repository (Solaris or FreeBSD with zfs). For VM disk space exported from NFS or iSCSI for hypervisor and other VMs. Seeing a distant explanation of what I myself don’t know, I’ll try and bring real examples.

Folding view TPAKTOP, view of the ring and the middle

SATA/SAS controllers

So yakscho can not wait - you can start. And in the other part of the software, we will discuss the report.

I would like to thank all the participants of the profile profile on the forum.site, including comrades axel77, half_moon_bay, padavan, ZanZag, shale, the configuration of which boules were asked by the article; Comrades Sergei V. Sh, TPAKTOP, iZEN and RU_Taurus for anonymous brown comments.
Special thanks to free software retailers: Olivier Cochard-Labbé, Daisuke Aoyama, Michael Zoon, Volker Theile and many others. The stench pleaded the very foundation with those "NAS with their own hands."