The shortest lamp podsiluvach: characteristics and vidguki. Tube sound - myth and fact Chim tube sound is better than transistor
Let's talk about those that are more beautiful, transistors or lamps, are being conducted from long ago. Dominating the thought of fate here for twenty five years smoothly and, apparently, indefinitely, changes on the floor. And as for the cob of seventy on transistor devices, the number of transistors was indicated, on which apparatus of vicons (it was said that the number of sounds is straight), then, for example, on the front panels of the equipment, the sacred lamps could be drilled, so we could lamps are used in the middle of ultra-modern front subilluminators or sound processors, and three more in the same way. Tremtinnya similar to the plan, zagal, on the right is not bad - the emotion is more positive. But for the new one it is suggested to pay additional pennies and, as a rule, chimali. Workers of lamp technology, obviously, are trying to make us feel good about what is a lamp device, which means wine is unfailingly kind. Robiti stink tse magalis forever, once again, calling on those who scho evolyutsіyna spiral practi- cally has already smelt the latest volume, it seems, it seems, and we know them at the first stage of the lamp boom. It is confirmed by the same team that the food is "Why is it so expensive?" has become the norm vіdpovіd - "What do you want, vin lampovy". Boom bazhano zustrіchati at all-minded people - with a hard head and a clear understanding of what you need. Tse is not easy. As a sound engineer with a rich experience of working for a specialty, such a great number of tube and transistor technology, it’s hard to put a lokshina on the ear, then a musical narration of a professional or an amateur, such as greater, spantelichity. Possibility to match the sound of different equipment is already obmezheniya. The information, taken from the sellers of musical possessions, is touched by a touch (often inspired by virobnik companies), fashion and pathos, and a companion fashion - far from being the best platform for choosing equipment.
Nasampered, next rose to the chim, which makes the lamp sound of the transistor and why. Mení zdaєtsya harnim, laconic and, more, may be sufficient such an explanation: well, true - in transistors, sound is born in crystal, and in lamps - in vacuum. It is important to see the middle parts are more dissimilar. So how can you not quarrel with the sounds? Lіd ta polum'ya! Here I am not original, references to these topics of articles in foreign journals often appear under headings like: "Warm and Cool", "Hot or Cold" and so on.
In one of these articles, in the same author, it is argued to bring the superiority of the lamp over the transistor to all ostentatious ones (it’s true, I don’t think they can guess such an important ostentatious sound, like noise), induced by the cіkave explanation of the tube sounding on the butt of vikoristannya in the seventy classical condenser microphones with tube subs. On the right, in the fact that the microphones can produce a signal of an even higher level (up to 1.5 V) and anterior pads zmusheni zavzhd pratsyuvati z vantagennyam. When the lamps are switched over, the natural compression of the sound is observed, the result of the vents is taken as a "big" one. In a different way, it seems to create a sound, after which the wines are enriched with harmonics. In the lamp technique, the distribution of these harmonics according to their accuracy practically zbіgaєtsya with the overtone series, so that a friend (octave), third (fifth), fourth, fifth, etc. are added. A similar principle of enriching the output signal with harmonics is established, for example, in such a device as an exciter.
When the transistor technology is switched over, the sound is also created, but the signal at which it is suffocated mainly by unpaired harmonics, that is, the third, fifth, fifth, sixth, ninth harmonics. spriymaєsya itself so, like it’s out and є like a creation.
Shards of the sound of transistors and lamps seriously vibrate one after another, it is obvious that the variants of the technique used on such dissimilar components are to blame. Mabut, in some vipads a lamp is more beautiful, and in yakihos - a transistor. For vodpovіdі on zapitanya - it’s better to vikoristovuvat those and else, it is necessary to give hot characteristics sounding like a lamp, and a conductor of sound devices. Remains far abroad are commonly called "solid state".
Oh, lamp.
Pluses: to sound warmly, when navantazhenniy, we give the sound of additional "musicality".
Mіnusi: noise (yak naslіdok skladnostі of yakіsnim posilennyam signalіv nizkogo rіvnya) gromіzdkіst, Maliy termіn service (deyakі gіtaristi zmushenі mіnyati lamp beside svoїh pіdsilyuvachah schomіsyatsya) shits transferring transportuvannya, nizky CCD (bіlshіst spozhivanoї lampovoї tehnіki energії vitrachaєtsya on obіgrіv primіschennya scho you can get away with less than a charge, or even more for an impractical scorching).
Transistors and other conductors.
Pluses: correctness, sounding, low noise, compactness of heaters, low energy consumption.
Minuses: dry sound, which sharply gets worse when overwhelmed.
Like Bachimo, the characteristics are diametrically proliferating - those that are good for lamps, bad for transistors, and navpaki. Particularly in the distance, you can put the lamps in the mode of navantage, so there, where it is necessary to change, you can turn off the outgoing signal. With this lamp, the possession (whether a microphone subsidiator, a compressor or a guitar combo) becomes like a bib, simpler, ale, like it appeared, far from being the best processor of effects. Let's use the butt of vikoristanny lamps as a sound insulator є TL Audio Valve Interface attachment - an eight-channel attachment for every є vіsіm inputs, vіsіm outputs and vimikach zhivlennya. Yearly regulation. And in the middle there are lamps, building at once insulated with eight channels, for example, ADAT. Transistor technology is better to beat there, especially important is the unobstructed sound, low noise and noise.
Vzagali, meni zdaєtsya, scho to the "characteristics" of transistors and lamps as a whole it is possible to establish the theory of logic and protection when choosing equipment. The lamp is clearly a lady. Її the sound is soft and comfortable, it’s good to endure the pressure (transforming unfriendly environment to a pleasant result) and you can make the sound of your inexpensive dynamic microphone similar to the sound of a condenser microphone with a large membrane (to women of power). Clearly superior to transistors, lamps can be found in guitar equipment. Needless to say, that the guitarists took on a very conservative people and, in fact, they did not switch from tubes to transistors, or, they accepted, they always gave priority to the tube sound. And the axis is like a studio control equipment for lamp technology, maybe, vikoristovuvat not varto - here it is necessary to use uncompromising, minimally zabarvleniya, not to introduce the sound of transistors into Oman. Bazhan can’t see wine for diysne - you can swear on him. Human, in a word, sound.
Blame the whole power law, but what if it’s not possible, with the current development of electronics, the sound of a transistor attachment is warm, and a tube one is reliable? Obviously you can! I have such a technique. Get out, it's true, it's unmistakable. For example, a studio lamp reference speaker for Tube-Tech PA 6 headphones, which gives an unobtrusive sound, costing 1999 dollars. So I pronounce not only special women as guardians and not less special people as secretaries-referents who embellish the office. But if lovers of exotic things want to pay, then they can’t fence them, obviously, ...
Now about prices. Close to the class, heaters and lamps are due to the mother of the same price. So, the lamps themselves are more expensive, lower transistors, and the lamp extensions are even simpler and have an order of magnitude fewer details (there are also many lamps adepts today explaining the amazing quality of the sound of the sponsored extensions). Tim is not smaller, historically it turned out that tube technology is still cheaply more expensive (if you take blame: for example, a decent microphone ART Tube MP at a price of $ 199). Kіlka, if you don’t mind, I ask your mother to leave, if in the fall of the lamp modi you can pronounce for crazy pennies everything in which you want to shine. And vzagali, absolutely necessary for today, you can recognize only light bulbs of Illicha or attachments, which will replace them (for example, gas or olive lamps).
Active companies that develop professional sound equipment, prepare a combination of lamp-heating equipment, trying to increase the power of lamps and transistors in the best possible way, by themselves leading, that a horse and a quivering doe can be victorious, as a draft horse. As a butt, you can point the Aphex Tubessence 107 - a tube-type conductor microphone, which won the TEC award in 1995 in the nomination "additional possession". The English company TL Audio has also achieved the first successes, which work forward boosters, compressors and equalizers, in some input conductor cascades - on low-noise microcircuits, and the cascades, which directly rely on compression or on frequency control. After that, we’ll strengthen the signal on the lamp, which allows us to take a decent signal / noise ratio in general. In this manner, the conductors will ensure little noise, and the lamps will do the same thing, which is good for them: compression and insulation of the sound. Idiliya, that year.
I really want to believe in those that have found paths to compromise and may be behind combined technology, in a way, like a happy family, the heroes of the statute will live, adding one to the other, delighting us with you and yourself. Tim is better, but today's reviews about combined equipment are even more encouraging.
It is necessary to know about Hi-End equipment. The axis of de-stoking the lamps is absolutely true, so how to serve the equipment as an exclusive instrument for listening and is obliged to sound as beautiful as possible. Although the authors of the audio journals, in my opinion, have long since completely confused the two such understandings, how beautiful is the sound of that naturalness, and often put a sign of equality between the two, who are far from being ignorant, understanding. At the hayend world, the lamp is unpretentious to sit on the throne and, the intolerance of audiophiles is not without difficulty guilty to go to orders, the most calm of the characteristics of transistor technology, which are given by them, є maxim: "Good transistorized pidsiluvach- switching on the transistor switch!"
In parting, I would like to repeat that it is necessary to choose the equipment calmly and it is important. Phrase like "only lamp" or "transistor definitely!" would be comedy, yakbi splintering with people who are smarter to similar approaches, it wouldn’t be so unacceptable. There, where bezappelatsіynіnіnіst starts - competenієііtsya ends, those superechtsі tsі people vіddâyat prevіv laіtsі. So Raja you doubt - hear - read - think. Success!
A lot of music lovers are vvazhayut for better listening to their favorite melodies, vicarious lamps to the sound. Why do you consider the specifics of these devices? Vykhodyachy from such criteria you can choose optimal model vidpovidnogo outbuilding?
Chim tsіkaviy lampoviy
Pіdsilyuvach - tse one of klyuchovih Components Connection akustichnoї іnfrastrukturi, yaky vіdpovіdaє for zbіlshennya potuzhnostі quiet signalіv scho nadhodyat od Jerel sound komutatsіyu vіdpovіdnih priladіv, regulyuvannya rіvnya guchnostі and takozh transmission signal potuzhnіst yakogo posilen on audіoobladnannya, priznachene for vіdtvorennya melodіy.
At tube subsidiaries, as a key element of circuitry, radio lamps are installed. The stench wins the function of supporting elements. As a rule, the lamps provide a lesser level of sound creation. It sounds like a lot of music lovers, for different devices it is characteristically warmer, softer in the production of melodies - especially when the middle and high frequencies are being played.
The most important advantage of a tube subduit is that the sound in rich vipads is greater than the rich sound in pairs, for example, with transistor devices. It is possible to start the unique power of the lamps, as, for example, stuck to the function without additional correction, as it is necessary for the support of the work, at its own chamber, for heating the conductors.
Single-stroke and double-stroke extensions
Lamp devices are most often classified into 2 main categories - class A and class AB. The first ones are also called one-stroke. The stench of the subsilient elements stimulates the reduction of tightness both inwardly at the signal - both positively and negatively. Other accessories are also called two-stroke. The stench of the skin is an offensive cascade of increased tension, transmitting radiation of various elements - one can be judged for a positive note, the same as another - for a negative one. Under class AB, sound economical and productive, often tighter. But for the sake of the drive of the middle of music lovers, discussions are sometimes blamed.
Take a look at the devices in rich vipadkah cost more expensive for transistor analogs, regardless of those whose design is simple. A lot of music lovers choose the most suitable attachments on their own - however, it is necessary to try to find out the shortest circuits of lamp subsidiaries - on 6P3S, for example, or on other popular lamps. For music lovers, who are playing for help looking at devices, often at a different price, it’s decided not to choose a pidsiluvach, but to buy yoga. At the same time, these characteristics, obviously, play an unparalleled role in choosing an extension. Let's take a look at what stinks can be, and also apply popular models of a different type of device.
Pіdsilyuvach ProLogue EL34: characteristics and characteristics
At the thought of rich fakhіvtsіv, the best lamp podsiluvach, otherwise it is less likely to be ranked among the leaders according to the highest criteria (quiet, which can be considered for the budget segment) - the ProLogue Classic EL34 attachment. This device can function with two different types of lamps - either EL34 or KT88. When tsimu koristuvachevі neobov'yazkovo zdіysnyuvaty perelashtuvannya pіdsilyuvacha.
How to vvazhayut fahivtsі - tips that reflect their thoughts, you can know on the rich thematic portals - one of the main advantages of the device and its equipment with interfaces, which allow you to apply pressure to the lamp smoothly, which saves a lot of thermal service. The power supply of equipment with an effective device can reach a great intensity, such as to become 35 watts.
Triode
One more subsidiary, which is included in the budget category, is the TRV-35 attachment, which is produced by the Japanese brand Triode. The fact that Japan has been selected is rich in what it means to be a good product. Pіdsilyuvach є universal - perhaps, the best lampovy pіdsiluvach in his segment at a glance. Lamps, which can be used on devices - EL34, can often be used to select ElectroHarmonix elements, which are produced in Russia.
At the thought of fahіvtsіv, among the most noteworthy options pіdsiluvаchа, scho vozglyadєєєє — the possibility of connecting to modern home cinemas.
The latest product of the Japanese Triode brand is the TRX-P6L device. As a deed of expertise, this device is the best lamp power of the Triode line from the point of view of functionality. So, a new presence, zokrema, equalizer of a choti-rismugo type, which is used for optimizing the timbre of the sound of a melody with the improvement of a specific acoustic environment in the premises, as well as the parameters of sound systems that are victorious. The device, about which one can go, allows you to switch different categories of lamps - EL34, as well as KT88. Attachment may be a regulator of the degree of reversal of interdependence. The pilot can function in 2 modes - triode, as well as ultralinear.
The last marvelous accessory that is produced under the Triode brand is the VP-300BD accessory. A lot of music lovers are wondering about broader nutrition: "Single-stroke or two-stroke lamp bulb - which is better?" The stench can, having turned the VP-300BD itself, which can be brought to the outbuildings of the first type, will be left even more satisfied with the outbuildings. A razglyanuty device is a triple one, it is classified as a sublime type. It is possible to indicate that I will add the output stage to the 300B triode, as they are classified as straight-channel.
Audio Research VSi60
Among the most popular brand-name brands of tube subsidiaries is the American corporation Audio Research. The VSi60 device is brought up to the most technologically advanced products. Bagato melomanіv perekonanі in fact scho lampovі pіdsilyuvachі maintained upstream transistor, i pristrіy scho vipuskaєtsya amerikanskoyu kompanієyu, dozvolyaє visunuti Vahom argument on korist devaysіv Perche type: fahіvtsіv at Dumka, analіzovany pіdsilyuvach zabezpechuє nayznachnіshy sound scale tsіlkom porіvnyanny of pokaznikami transistor devaysіv. The main lamps, with which the American fixtures are used, are KT120. The regulator of thickness in the examined
Substances Unison Research
The second leading brand-maker of devices, about how to go - Unison Research. To the most effective solutions, developed by this corporation, one can add the S6 switch. Possibly, vin is the best lamp power supply, otherwise, it is assumed that it is considered to be the leading solution, from the point of view of the improvement of characteristics, which is powerful for devices in class A: a high intensity of 35 W, as well as a significant damping factor. Attachment of 2 straight-channel triodes, placed at the skin channel.
How do experts mean, pіdsilyuvach, scho looked at, is characterized by the most vivid sounding from the point of view of detail and the purity of the melody.
The upcoming product, which is produced under the Unison Research brand, is P70. I have my own line of wines є dvotaknim. Melomaniacs, who wonder why a single-stroke tube lamp is better than a two-stroke one, will change their acceptance of the efficiency of various outbuildings, having listened to the music while listening to the music of the examined device. The retailers of the pidsiluvach P70 were far away to be safe exclusively high quality sound at an arc of significant tension I will add - over 70 watts.
How to designate fahіvtsі, the device can be connected to the acoustic infrastructure, which form to achieve a significant interest. Attachment, about some kind of language, is also characterized by genre universality. How to look at the best lamps for listening to rock music - the P70 device is rightfully considered to be the leading solution.
Among the single-cycle products that are sold under the Unison Research brand are the Preludio attachments. Vіn also functions in class A. In the new vicorist, the KT88 notebooks are pressed. The intensity of the device is stored 14 watts. To that podsilyuvach vmagaє podklyuchennya to acoustic іnfrastruktury, scho may be quite high level of sensitivity.
McIntosh
The second leading brand that is produced by subsidiaries is the American corporation McIntosh. A lot of music lovers, wondering about nutrition - a kind of lamp lighter is better, first for all associated with the best products with the same devices, as they vibrate under the McIntosh brand. This corporation is among the world's largest sound producers in the Hi-End segment.
It can be seen that the McIntosh MC275 product was first introduced to the market in 1961. From that hour, a number of polypshens, ale wines, as before, were sold under the historical names. In principle, Danes can reach the legendary devices, the best products of the world in the Hi-End segment. Attach vicorist lamp KT88. The intensity of the booster should be set to 75 W in the stereo programming mode.
Audio note
Another most popular brand on the subsidiaries market is Audio Note. Among the most popular yoga products is Meishu Phono. Possibly, the best lamp lighter in its segment, so that you can look at the latest devices at a glance to improve the purity of technology. So, the new one does not have a suitable navprovidnik. The structure of the living block of the device has 3 transformers, 3 kenotrons, as well as 2 chokes. Triodes 300B are victorious at the output cascade. The design of the podsiluvach has an efficient tube phono stage. A razglyanuty device can reach a modest intensity, to become 9 watts. Prote pristry summіsny z bagatma modern types of sub-logic acoustical possession.
Significantly the best lamp-like sound, emerging from the subjective spontaneity of yoga roboti, is easy to finish. However, it is possible to get closer to the completion of such a task by checking those other models of devices for the main characteristics, as well as analyzing the relevant parameters.
Selecting the best fit: parameters of the alignment of models
What parameters can be seen as keys? How to respect modern expertise, the most important characteristics to this particular type can buti:
the rіven of harmonious creations;
Spivvіdnoshennia signal and noise;
Support of communication standards;
Riven energy supply.
At your own discretion, the assigned parameters can be set at the price of the device.
We choose pidsiluvach: tension
Well, before the first show - tightness, you can have ideas for the widest range of meanings. Optimal for the perfection of the bigness of the plant, which characterizes the vikoristannya of the lamp lamp, the indicator is 35 watts. Ale bagatma chanuvals of music only hover over an increase in this value - for example, up to 50 watts.
At the same time, a lot of modern high-tech devices of the same type miraculously work and at a pressure of close to 12 watts. Obviously, the stench of rich vipadkah leads to a connection to a highly productive acoustic infrastructure. Ale vikoristannya effective audio control - one of the obov'yazykovyh attributes zastosuvannya, vlasne quiet outbuildings, about yakі walk. Why is the lamp lighter better for modern modifications of devices - nutrition, not particularly relevant for rich music lovers, shards of stink repeatedly changed in practice in the objective transfer of different devices for key parameters. I therefore test practical victoria lamp pidsilyuvachіv stench namagayutsya carry out on the back of the prepared statkuvanni, yak vydpovidaє naive vimogami.
Frequency
shodo frequency response pіdsilyuvacha - duzhe bazhano, so that the won was in the range of 20 to 20 thousand. Hz. If you want, you need to designate, do it rarely with such devices, about how to go, put on the markets for subsidiaries, if you don’t meet this criterion. It is difficult to know the possession in the Hi-End segment, if it did not fall short of the frequency parameters. So, otherwise, when buying a lamp subduer, for example, according to a small brand, you can change the frequency in a certain range of wines.
Harmonious creation
0.6% should not overdo the stench. Vlasne, chim is the lesser tsey show-off - tim yaksishy sound. The best lamp podsiluvach in that chi іnshoy segment often stands before us as an indicator of harmonious creations. Once varto designate that the last show is not the most important from a glance of safety good quality sound. prote, given parameter characterizes the response of the acoustic infrastructure to the input signal. Ale, modern brandy-makers of lamp-shaped pidsiluvachivs are trying to secure the least show of harmonic creations. Prestigious models of devices in buildings provide yoga on equal footing without exceeding 0.1%. Obviously, their versatility can be incomparably higher than the competing models, which can be more high-quality display of harmonious creations, but for a music lover, nutrition in a given situation can be different.
Rating signal to noise
The offensive parameter is the reduction of the signal to noise, in modern lamp lamps it is most likely to show an indication of 90 dB and more. In general given value you can expand it even more if you specify the characteristics of different devices, let's find representations in different segments. Therefore, it’s worth the trouble - choose a good single-cycle lamp power supply, or, for example, two-cycle, then the parameter that is being looked at, do not expect to objectively reflect the competitiveness of that or another device. So chi іnakshe, scho more vіdpovіdny pozniknik — it's more beautiful. Bazhano, the vin buv is not less than 70. Deyakі topovі modelі pіdsilyuvachіv zabezpechujutnja svіnnі sіvnі nоu vіnі more than 100 dB. Ale y price їх, yak і at vipadku with harmonic creations, can be significant.
Other parameters
Other parameters - supporting quiet and other communication standards, energy savings, є significant, but other rows. On them there can be a sense of respect for others equal for these show-offs, as if they looked at us more. So chi іnakshe, for a typical day-time pіdsiluvаch it is possible to vvazhat brіvіnіnі і іdіmki suffice іlkoї іlkostі stereopаpі - about 4, аudіoіhodu і for sound recording. Schodo energy saving - the optimal yoga indicator to become close to 280 watts.
Insanely, when looking at nutrition, a kind of lamp lighter, playing a role and a lot of subjective factors. Most music lovers appreciate different devices, depending on them: design, foldability, equal sound, and ergonomics.
All other parameters can be set at a price for the device, as long as it can be presented to a wide range of values. Ale people, for which the power is not particularly relevant, the lower lamp power is better than the transistor one, the shards of wine know the difference in the new one, the price, as we have designated higher, you can’t look at the most important criteria when choosing a device for organizing listening to music.
Nini lamp technology is becoming popular again. Tse viklikano as features in її sounding, and th with some aesthetic features. There are a lot of different lighting concepts for designing lamp fixtures at the link. Many of them are grounded on a whole fair vysnovka, but the deacons of pure wisdom are guided and grounded on absolutely stupid judgments. Let's try it out and, as usual in electronic technology, come from the "tail".
1. Kenotron at the tavern
It’s good for someone to think that the tube UMZCH is better to live in vipryamlyachiv on kenotrons, motivated by such arguments:
* Vipryamlyachs on kenotrons have a larger output opir, lower ones have napіvprovidnikovs. The lamps “feel more comfortable in a uniform lamp medium”.
The last opir of the kenotron is true, but here varto guess Ohm's law for new lanceug; It is clearly seen that the greater external (internal) opir of the dzherel, it is more likely to change the pressure in the fallow in the stream of navantage (small 1).
Apparently, when the anode voltage drops, non-linear effects increase. In case of increasing external tension, increase and contraction of the strum, and, later, sitting at the external support of the BP. Otzhe, tsey effect will multiply. Also, the next step is to determine the quality of straightening and smoothing before smoothing (Fig. 2).
Options aі b you need larger capacitors and chokes great kіlkistyu vitkiv.
Before that, a transformer is needed from the introduction to the middle point, so the advantage of the bridge circuit is completely obvious.
*The hour of readiness of the vipryamlyach on the kenotrons is greater, lower on the conductors. This allows the lamps to warm up and save the supply of anode voltage to cold lamps.
The kenotron is rightly compared to the conductor. Prote, guess the cathode of outdoor lamps. It is a little imovirno, that 5Ts4S warms up more, lower cathode, even if it is, 5-watt UMZCH (6P1P or 6P14P). At the best time, they will be ready at once. I'm not talking about more dim lamps, such as 6P3S, 6P45S, GU-50, etc. The quickness of the heating of the kenotron is ridiculous, it is similar to such massive cathodes, especially, as the kenotron of direct roasting is victorious, for example 5Ts3S. tribute high voltage on a cold lamp, I defiantly lower the term of service, but solve the problem with a path of victoriousness and straighten it out of the inevitable hour of readiness, in my opinion, not primed. For the improvement of this factory, it is better to set the thermostatic control of the output cascade (to ask for a folding option. If we ask you, we can discuss it on the forum for the participation of other facivists. I will be responsible for supplying that advice). It's much easier to use a perfect timer with a comparator and a trigger (Mal.3).
This attachment does not control the temperature of the cathode or the anode strum. It only creates an anode switch-on switch, the docks are charged with C1. Vitrimka can be adjusted by adjusting the reference voltage of the comparator (R2) depending on the total heat capacity of the cathodes. To live the timer with a change of jet from the windings of roasting 6.3V.
2. Raztashuvannya and arrangement of lamps and other elements.
*Deyakі lamps sound more beautiful, lying under the singing kutom to the horizon. The price can be justified by a hundred lamps with a special design of electrodes. For example, torpotron or other lamps in the low-frequency range, powering is more specific. As far as the most obvious priymalno-podsilyuvalnyh lamps, then here are the simplest laws of thermodynamics. When heated, the material expands, warming up the rows of nets (stench with rotten spirals, wound on traverses) sag and create intervitkovy zamikannya. Particularly often it is used between the cathode and the grid, which is controlled, so that the yakomoga is placed closer to the cathode to increase the CVC coolness. How well I fit a robot - judge for yourself.
*To change equal to noise, place soldering in Hi- End equipment needs to be covered with inert metals. To reduce the level of noise, it is more efficient and cheaper. Indeed, oxide crystals can create noise for the microdischarge chambers through the difference in potentials on the various lansyug plots. Hearers can hear a little. But if you are not an oligarch, it is enough to cover the contacts and the visnovki with varnish. As far as the noise, then an effective way to fight is to stabilize the voltage of life. I don't need to eat only the anode. The main reason for the noise of the lamps is the fluctuation of the emission, tobto. Nerіvnomіrny vykid elektronіv іz cathode. Obviously, for the sake of this phenomenon, it is necessary to ensure even heating of the cathode. So, in order to improve the stable mode of heating, you can significantly improve the noise parameters.
*Cannot screen lamps. Tsya thesis, nayimovіrnіshe, vyyshla s mirkuvan about the thermal regime. Lamps, which can and should be screened, work at low-current (input) cascades. In fact, it’s unlikely that anyone would think of dropping the GU-81 or GU-49 with a kovpak. Be-yaké induced by a small grain in a povnyannі z їх by an anode strum. Why can't you say about the “voltage booster” and phase inverter (in 2-stroke boosters). Guidance in cascades with high sensitivity and high-resistance input is felt quite well. It is important to note that the stench of the robotic process does not rise to high temperatures (as a matter of fact, it is practiced in the optimal mode). Until then, the balloon was prepared from a heat-resistant warehouse. So 100-125 ° C stench can be seen as a whole. Krіm zahistu vіd naveden, the screen sings world priyaє thermostaticity. Also, the more screening the input, the less problems on the output.
Before speech, є lamps, some screens already enter the structure. The stench on the plinth navіt mayut visnovok tsgo screen. Tse octal lamps near the metal case, so, for example, 6Ж8. They have a hermetically sealed balloon with a metal kovpak.
3. Eating mode
It is not forgotten that the anode is crimson, the lamp will require more fuel. Іz thogo drive tezh є impersonal spirnyh thoughts. Let's look at the acts.
*Overcook more quickly, undercook less. So vvazhayut deyakі muzikants who construct guitar "gadgets". Such a technique effectively enhances the emission of the cathode, but without a reliable potential on the anode, all electronics simply spread without being corrosive. Nothing special, the term of service is too short, we don’t give. I will say more - with a reduced life of the cathode, everything is heated up to the required temperature, only at least three times more than an hour. And the axis of the term of service is that superstition, then, I’ll build it all up significantly. It is especially important to talk about low-voltage (for example, electrometric) lamps.
*On the serpentine stream, the pidgrivach should serve the old, the lower the fast. Even more vaguely firm. However, it can be stated from the strength of experience that the lances of roasting the snake strum with the strongest jerelle are aimed, the shards pass through all the plots of the scheme. And here the gilding of the contacts is not vryatuє. The cream of that changeable strum can be more easily stabilized, but it is said more that it gives a stable voltage increase.
*To eliminate the greater effect of the anode voltage, it may be higher than the nominal value and the lamp must be slightly overwhelmed. True, I give the sound its own note for the rahunok of non-linear creations. This is also a short term of service. In addition, it can be easily regulated, just as long as you don’t adjust the anode voltage with a special regulator (zatіya bezgluzdna navit on my look). So it’s better to choose a quiet anode mode and give a quiet one. Efficient and safe experimentation bells and whistles, for the windows of which the effect is ensured (filter, parallel-parallel diode toshcho). I vzagali maite on uvazі, scho in the basis of whether or not the lotion is based on the primordial cascade, which is already priming the optimal mode and does not require any extreme.
*Zastosuvannya electronic-light indicators allow you to take off the softer sound. Piece of garn, I don’t talk. Prote really is a great triode + indicator, which controls the anode mode of the triode. This is a superb lamp, as on aphids, nothing else is seen especially and it helps to support the optimal modes of operation.
What guessing, rozpovіv. Yakshcho є nutrition -.
With honor Pavlo A. Ulіtin (aka). m. Chistopil, Tatarstan.
