Updates to the NTFS file system. How to rotate NTFS? Mitthevius revisiting the distant files

I go to my working disk.
Stop. More precisely, I try to go to
your working disk ... and disk E:
nothing: (. Deputy of the new empty
unrecognized space

Three Good Horrific
Xakep v.11.01(35) p.27

Navіt z great gurus trample
inacceptability of this kind. See them not
no insurance. I'll try the roses
How can you confirm the data in a similar
situations. Aje, svidshe for everything, given nowhere
if they didn’t share like a buli, they left it on the disk.
Just poshkodzheno service area
divided. Let's try to rise to that,
like a woman is powerful, but sensible, virobimo
diy algorithm

Information about the structure of NTFS is scanty,
i, after the closeness of the main
specifications on it, otrimana so
we call a method. Like and other file systems, NTFS
divide the disk surface into clusters. Rozmir
clusters in maє fixation,
selected at an interval of 512 bytes (1 sector)
up to 64 Kb (128 sectors). Ring out victorious
cluster size 4 Kb (8 sectors). Kozhen
file system element, including
services (as it is accepted to call
metafiles), is a file.
Metafiles are in the NTFS root directory
splitting it starts with the symbol of the name "$",
Main service file - $MFT (Master File Table) -
List of all files that are saved in
distributed, including MFT. Znovu
NTFS partitioned formatting looks
let's come rank:

Misce pid MFT file is seen once again
large reserve, call 12.5% ​​(alternatively, but i
25%, 37.5% and 50%) as agreed. Those who are left out
place designated for saving
instead of files. However, the OS
necessities, maybe a short time,
seen for MFT file, if missing
instead of files filled. For whom, in
streaming versions of NTFS that have been lost in the
Place, seen MFT file, changing
udvіchі, by yourself, zbіlshyuuchi place,
introductions for accommodation in the city
files. І if the OS informs about the field
mistsi, then suma free space in both
parts of the distribution (reserved for MFT
file that vision pid saving vmist
files). Ale files are not only added to
divided, and they see him from the new. I in tsomu
at the same time, you can have a new increase in space,
what to enter under the MFT file. Why do servicemen
areas may appear in the files,
like there i lose. MFT file is better
to be fragmented, wanting tse and not є good.
Once again, I repeat, it was said before
I re-formatted the distribution. If I
for the help of the Partition Magic program by adding
Unlimited space before NTFS
split to NTFS split (F :), then I have MFT
repaired from 1731201 clusters, if you want more
value - 4.

MFT itself subdivisions on fixed records
expand by 1 Kb (2 sectors) skin. First 24
records - all service files, moreover, the first
the list has the MFT itself. I look back at the special importance
MFT file, a copy of the first few records
Saved from the $MFTMirr file here from the area
split in the middle. Also in the rest of the sector
distribution (for Win'2k/XP) a backup copy is taken
boot sector. In this way, for
I need to know that
copy on the cob 4 persh
MFT entries from a backup and, possibly, itself
lucrative sector.

For robots, we need a disk
editor. Golovne, schob vin mig bachiti everything
space of your disk. It's possible, it's possible
speed up DiskEdit as Uncle Norton z
Norton Utilities package
2002 as standard disk editor Win'2k
Disk Probe, for which you need Windows distribution h
folders Support\Tools install add-ons
tools, including Disk Probe. Takozh
You need the PartitionInfo program from the Partition package
magic. For the cob, for sure physical
between the required NTFS partition. Price can
zrobiti for help program PartitionInfo s
Partition Magic package.

My mind has split NTFS 5060538
disk sector. (also available at the bottom window)
information in C:H:S format) Now accepted
information about the number of the remaining sector and about
distribution of MFT and її copies, for which
press the Boot Record button ...

Also, the rest of the sector was divided into 5060538 +
3341456 = 8401994 (the first sector of the distribution + Total NTFS Sectors),
MFT starts with 8x4 = 32 sectors (MFT start cluster * Sectors
per cluster), MFT Mirr - c 417682 x 4 = 1670728 sectors (MFT Mirror start
cluster * Sectors per cluster). Clarify rozmir okremoї
records in MFT files, for which you run
the Partition Magic program, choosing the required partition,
by pressing the mouse button to the right, we will get the item
Properties Vіknі viberemo
NTFS Info tab. Yak and maє buti, rozmir
record in MFT file (File Record Size) to become 1 Kb (2
sectors).

Start a disk editor, for example Disk
Probe, and select the menu item — volume>. At the vіknі, scho appeared, dvіchi klatsaemo
a bear for the necessary distribution (in my mind
ce G), press successively the Set buttons
Active and OK. Now let's move on to the sector,
Delete a copy of the MFT. For whom we choose
menu item — and at the same time
Vіknі enter sector number 1670728 that number
required sectors (16) and press the Read button.
Now we will rewrite these sectors for the month
MFT distribution, with 32 sectors. For whom
select menu item — .
Vidpovidaemo firmly on the supply of change
work mode from Read Only to Read/Write,
viknі, what happened, it’s possible the sector, s
what is required to create a record (for our
32) and press the Write it button.
Confirm your message again and MFT
updated.

Now it is necessary to copy to your own
a place of vantazhuvalny sector. For whom
select menu item — After what is set to active
required physical disk. Price similar
to what we designed for the logical
disk. Now you need to go to the rest
sector of inspirational distribution. Through
menu — input value 8401994
after which the value of the sector is recorded
5060538. Be extra respectful
shards are used with the whole disk and not
surrounded by poshkodzhennogo
split!

Failed to run chkdsk e: /f utility
know that it's just more majestic to fix
a lot of pardons, after what to give
yourself from a vryatovannym split.

PS: All operations are potential
unsafe, do not fill up with a backup copy
rozdіlіv, scho to know the same physical
disk, what I split, what is updated.

In the skin operating system Presence of attachments to save data, and their practicality requires the presence of a file system. With the help of a computer, the computer converts information (photos, music, video recordings) into double system In other words, in my understanding for myself. After that, it’s necessary to order the data, and then they’ll turn away for a short-term look.

Data storage facility- Tse duzhe vrazliv tehobladnannya. Ushkodzhennya are like a logical division, and a physical one. Most of the problems associated with a hard disk can lead to a fatal result and require replacement of the possession, but also to diagnose and resolve the problem. Faylova RAW system vodnositsya to this type.

The raw file system - what is it?

As it was said, a hard drive is a file system. The most popular are NTFS and FAT, which can be set up for hard drive, so i for flash accumulators.

But what is a RAW file system? It didn’t sound like super-cheerful, but it’s all right in the wake of the system! In other words, pardon is critical The basic file system of Windows is not known. Blame it on the failure of the file system. As a result, technical information about the nose is not displayed and access to the files is broken.

Let's look at the signs of the RAW system
1. Access to the annex was improved, but the file system on the computer or laptop was out of order - Windows does not get involved, and you get a pardon.
2. As such an incident, becoming znimny hoarding, to go out of your voice, de bude it will be said about the need for formatting.
3. In the column of information, which appears, please note "File system type - RAW".

Why is the RAW file system on the flash drive?
Why would such a cardinal change be made to the file system, to give one reason for the “gentleman's set:

• Incorrect computer wiring, voltage drop and the computer turned on in the wire when the flash drive is connected! This kind of attack can get stuck on the computer's file system, causing fatal problems with other components.
• Malfunctions of the robotic operating system can also cause this problem.
• The widest reason is virus infection. Still, it was not foolish to install anti-virus programs.
• Physical damage to the accumulation of a person, which can lead to the loss of information.
• Processes that run on the same structure of the file system. Problems from the avant-garde sector, zbiti znachennya geometrii ї rasdіlіv too thinly.

The appearance of the RAW file system is not fatal in most cases, and it is possible to restore these cases. Buvayut vinyatki, po'yazano tse z physical ushkodzhenny, nesumisnym s life.
It is recommended to return to service center, de fakhіvtsі to spend necessary operations to update the flash drive and data on it. You can do it with your own wisdom, but we should also respect it, so as not to aggravate the situation and not waste all the information.

To rotate the NTFS file system, you can use one of the following programs:

• Hard Disk Format Tool,
• Recovery Tool,
• Acronis Disk Manager.
• Online service – RecoveryOnLine.
• Reformat the disk to NTFS using ms windows.

Even though the choice of these programs did not help solve the problem, even though the all-worldly shovishchi needs to recognize some kind of controller for accumulating and reflashing yoga, but it’s also an important procedure and navit dosvіdchenі koristuvachі may not come in handy. If such manipulations did not help, then your flash card is dead.

3 more corny articles:

I'll build a hard disk of a computer that works normally, and it can be formatted in the NTFS or FAT file system. As one of the HDD distributions starts to work incorrectly, the disk authorities have a record about converting it to the RAW format. Tse means that it is allowed for the standard file system, and it is necessary to update it. In practice, it is possible to know about such a thing like this. An hour before the disc remains undiscovered, and the monitor shows information about the need for this formatting.

What does this reminder mean:

• The structure of the twisted file system has been revised.
• Daily access to a full hard drive.
• Writes incorrect or erroneous data to the vanishing sector of the disk.

When you see the authorities of the zhorsk disk, you can swear that you have distributed nothing to avenge any information. At any rate, you need to update the file system in order to rotate the data that is on the disk.

Why can you be beaten?

The reasons for the appearance of such a failure can be:

• Injected from the side of the virus that penetrated the computer.
• Critical failure of the operating system.
• The program, which works incorrectly, replaces the original system files with its own files. Here you can see "crooked" drivers.
• Pardons of the koristuvach after the completion of the robotic computer. This is how often the file system on flash drives crashes.
• Zovnishni factors, after all, any file system can be corrupted. Zokrema, parts of the electrical wiring can provoke a similar problem.

How can I restore the file system and information on the hard drive?

Irrespective of those that the operating system will tell you to format the distributions, it’s better not to wait for such actions. Vtim, you hurried, and gave the command to format, not everything has been spent yet. It’s true, I’ll be richer in the future, in the same place I’ll be richer. The next step is to carry out an update of everything that is obvious on the wrong distribution of information, that will restore the file system itself.

It is recommended to carry out data renewal and implementation of a logical partition using the help of the RS Partition Recovery program.

This program allows:

• Upload files from the HDD, on which the file system has been changed. Tobto from RAW.
• Retrieve data from a hard disk, which you have formatted.
• Otrimanya as much as possible new information from a logical division, which has been seen.
• New renewal of the latest distributions.
• Copies of data from the latest distributions on other noses.
• The program miraculously copes with the set tasks on any given day.

The work of the RS Partition Recovery program

The program interface is simple. The main menu is divided into three main parts. Zliva can you please check the list hard drives and logical divisions. The center shows the filling of disks with information and data about the expansion of all disks. Selected files are shown to the right side. The program displays attached files, and also distributes them to the management of other operating systems.

The hour has come to move on to the bezporeddnyy dannyh for the help of this miraculous program. For whom it is sufficient to press the top button on the left, it is marked as a Wizard (Wizard). Before the coristuvachem, the master's menu is displayed. Bude analysis of the selected disk.

The program subdivides everything into three categories: logical, smart and hard disks. For the confirmation of data, it is necessary to select the appropriate division. Say yoga, and then press "Dal". You will be asked to choose the type of analysis.

The choice is made up of two options:

• Shvidke scanning.
• New analysis.

• 1 filter detects NTFS system files. Most of the internal divisions work on their own space.
• 2 Filter to process files that belong to the FAT system. Such formatting is more typical for portable devices, but such files are also stored on the hard disk of the computer. The FAT system also works with Linux OS.
• Deep analysis works independently of the type of file system. The process of its own robotic program simply knows all the files on the disk, if there are any present moment. The prote is only a deep analysis of vikoristovuvat unbazhano, shards can be used part of the information. The best way to analyze was split for the help of all three filters.

If you select a swedish scan, some of the files will not be found. There are only a few more files, without a sign of poshkodzhen.

After the analysis is completed, the program will tell you how many folders and okremikh files were found in this distribution.

To look through all the files found for an hour to analyze the files, you need to go to the main menu of the program by pressing the "Finish" button.

At the center of the window of the program, you will see a folder called "Deep analysis". When under the pressure on it, folders pop up. To add the selected files, you need to select them from your dad, and then click on the "Update" button on the top panel. With whom will be proponated the next choice of month for their savings:

• On a hard drive.
• On my nose.
• Mounting the image.
• Vivantage in the Internet for the FTP-protocol.

In this case, you can select the file save space, the option to restore the structure of remote folders, and also to restore file streams from NTFS. After that, the "Submit" button is pressed. If the files are found, they will be updated at the specified location.

recoverit.ru

How to rotate NTFS from RAW file system without wasting data?

What is the RAW file system and how to rotate the NTFS format without wasting data - in these articles, we can clearly see the power supply, as well as ways to update.

It often happens that because of an incorrect shutdown of the computer, for example, if you flickered the cord from the socket, or the light was not turned on at your booth, or your computer survived the virus attack, it may become an unacceptable situation. File system disk on your computer or laptop, change your format to RAW and for the correct work I will add (as a rule, I want to save it better) you need to rotate it to NTFS format.

What is a RAW disc

Again, the RAW file system type, let's figure out what it is. The RAW system is a non-essential system. If the computer tells you that the information is in such a format, then the drivers cannot determine the type of the file system (FAT, FAT32 ABO NTFS).

Yakshcho nose otrimav RAW format, Windows 10, if you want to imagine the middle of the hard drive, but if it is, it will be impossible for him, and defragmenting, and rechecking for mercy, and, of course, reviewing the data that is on the disk. The computer constantly sees a pardon, and prompts the disk to be formatted, and in the row “authority of the logical disk” the inscription “RAW” appears. So how do you convert the RAW file system to NTFS on a hard drive?

File system upgrade from RAW to NTFS

The system prompts you the easiest way is to format the disk. But do not hurry up, even if your data is not spent, at the same time there is simply no access to them. How do you format a RAW drive to transfer the file system back to NTFS, you will have to renew the data from the nose for help special programs. We suggest a few ways how to convert a RAW disk to NTFS without spending any money.

File system upgrade to NTFS from RAW without formatting

Method 1: Windows

The main rank for changing the file system from RAW to NTFS is the standard utility in the operating system chkdsk. Follow the next order:

• Right-click the mouse to press "Start" and select "command row"
• Type the command chkdsk of the drive_letter: /f
• The computer needs to be re-verified, if it is necessary to restore the NTFS system on the problematic area

Сhkdsk will help and in that case, the system disk is damaged. For whom do you need a flash drive or exciting disk.

Axis of your business:

• Click to start the computer from a flash drive or a disk, and then choose "Innovation"
• Let's enter the additional parameters, and then the command line. There, enter chkdsk of the drive_letter: /f

When updated, the letters of the divisions can be changed in the name of the discs. In order to avoid pardons in the robot, open the list of computer partitions in the command line, then enter diskpart, then list volume and you will be asked which system disk. Tse will be indicated on the list.

In addition, you can try to restore the system from earlier savings backup copies.

Option 2: Victory of special programs

And the axis is like from the RAW file system, zrobiti NTFS for additional third-party programs.

Nasampered, we recommend to vikoristannya no-cost program testdisk. This is a utility that interacts with hard disk partitions. She will help correct the situation. Minus working with the Testdisk program for those who don’t work with Russian names, and the stench can appear incorrectly.

Axis yak for help Testdisk convert RAW to NTFS:

RAW format on flash drive

Reasons for transformation:

1. When connecting a flash drive, the computer is connected incorrectly, or there is a voltage drop
2. Zbіy Roboti Windows
3. Banal viruses
4. Zovnіshni poshkodzhennya flash drives in the impact or fall

How to change the wrong system format to the correct one:

Garniy result yes converter MiniTool Power Data Recovery. The principle of "working" is that the program does not convert RAW to the required format, but makes all files visible on your flash drive, so that you can work with them. The minus of the program is that it is a free trial version, as it works with files no larger than 1 GB.

The order of work with the program:

Also on our site you can find out about such topics:

• Consolidation of hard disk partitions on Windows 10
• How to change the hard drive
• How to change the swap file in Windows 10

windows10x.ru

Renovation of the HDD file system to save data

The problem with the appearance of the RAW file system may not only affect remember your nose, ale and zhorstky disk іz danimi аbo okremia rasdіl vіnchestera. If the error may be programmatic in nature, it can be corrected for additional formatting. You can make a change to the format using standard Windows methods before the appearance of further data.

If the file system of a hard disk is marked as RAW, and the system will shyly tell you to format it, then it will be more likely to follow the same procedure. Turn off the hard drive, do not perform any more daily operations with it, so that it will not be overwritten.

It is important: if a hard disk is physically damaged, then it’s not possible to try to learn yoga independently.

After looking around for an hour, you have shown that the hard drive is physically correct, so try to restore the file system with the CHKDSK utility. Tse dopomog delete files.

CHKDSK utility wiki

The CHKDSK utility is a tool for diagnosing rebirth of the zhorst disk. The problem is that once the filesystem is spoofed, you can't start the system. That CHKDSK utility will have to run behind the help of the installation disk:

The parameter to the command syntax means to start a joke and repair pardons. The letter "d:" designates a disk that will be converted. As soon as the operation was successful, pardons will be revealed and dismissed, you will again remove the working disk with a normal file system and without further important data.

Clarification of files for help R-Studio

As the TestDisk program did not help with the RAW format, and you did not turn the file system NTFS or FAT32, there was another way. You need:

• Smaller computer with work disk installed system.
• R-Studio software.

Remove HDD from the RAW file system and connect it to another computer. To hide, appear in the remote files, run R-Studio software. Here you need:

You need to save the files to another disk, not the one from which the stink was taken. The format of the hard drive will not change - RAW will be left out. To upgrade the HDD, reformat it, as the system will propagate. The format will be changed, but there won't be any problems with the files in the future, because you "knights" from the poshkodzhennoy nose.

Formatted in NTFS

If you need to format a hard drive with the NTFS file system, having entered the information, you can try the robite through command line. Do not help solve the problem with the RAW format; This method cannot be changed to FAT32. Alternately, if you need to change the format of the disk or split it from FAT32 to NTFS, try this way:

Enter "convert G: /FS:NTFS /X". The “G” is responsible for the letter of the hard drive you connected, the format of the partition you want to change from FAT32 to NTFS. Seek the help of the command to save the data, so that the files cannot be deleted in the future, as it is not necessary to format them.

easyrecover.ru

How to restore the hard disk file system

Situation, in yakіy hard drive need for renewal, may be related to skin corysty PC. It may be needed for various reasons. One of them is the file system upgrade.

If the disk is awarded for recognition, it may be file system FAT or NTFS. Let's talk about those who are doing good and you don't need a boost. But sometimes it changes to RAW. How to understand what to become sbіy? As if you were turned back to the disk, but the wine didn’t open and there was a notification about the need for formatting, that means, becoming a sbіy.

Tse podomlennya can mean the following:

1. The structure of the victorious file system was zruinovana;
2. There is no clear access to the place;
3. At the sector of interest, pardon data was recorded.

1. For more inspiration, press "Maister". The next time the robot menu appears. The analysis of Winchester will be recorded.
2. The program has divided all the subdivisions into 3 categories: hard disks, large disks and logical disks. To start the renewal of the data, it is necessary to choose the necessary distribution. Then write "Dali". You will be asked to choose the type of analysis: promptly scan and re-analyze.
3. It would be better to conduct a fresh analysis. When new, 3 filters are processed. The first filter is to calculate the NTFS system. The other is to process the files that belong to your system. A deep analysis of the practice is independent of the file system.
4. If you choose the first option, then you simply won’t be able to know some of the files. With this, files without a sign of error can be found.
5. If so, you can proceed to scanning. Chim big obsyag disk, tim dovymi vyavivatsya process.
6. After the analysis is completed, you will know how many folders are in this division.
7. In order to get to know the best time to analyze the files, you need to go to the main menu and click "Finish".
8. The folder "Deep analysis" will appear at the center of the window. Then it will be necessary to choose them from your paps, and then press "Information". To be deprived of choosing a place for their savings.
9. In this case, it is necessary to select the data storage space, the option to restore the folder structure, so that it can be removed, and that NTFS file streams can be restored. The next time you need to press the "Review" button.

Golovne for doba

News aggregator 24ZMI

joke of the day

At 7 years old, my father took me to a school for gifted children. To show what kind of sin you want.

Sche »

planet-today.ru

RAW format of HDD disks: how to fix it in NTFS for the help of Windows or third-party software

Most often, the file system of the disk is changed to RAW after an incorrect computer wake-up call, if the light is turned on, or if the light is turned on, it will save the hour and pull the life cord system unit from the socket. Another reason is viruses that change NTFS to RAW format of HDD disks. How to fix this problem, read in this article.

What is the RAW file system?

If the disk is taken out of the RAW format, Windows will display it in the middle of other hard disk partitions. Ale, when you try the computer, you can see a pardon and zaproponuє yoga format. Krym tsgogo, be-yakі dії z zim volume will be inaccessible: rechecking for pardons, defragmenting that іn. (read “How to distort the integrity of systemic Windows files 10 ta remind їх?»).

There is no such RAW file system. If the disk is formatted this way, it means that the computer's driver does not specify the type of file system - NTFS, FAT or FAT32. Actually, this happens in some cases:

• the structure of the file system has been revised;
• formatting was not carried out;
• daily correct access to the volume.

If the volume of the OS is enabled, when the computer is captured, Reboot and select proper boot device or Operating System not found».

Reinvention

As if there is a problem with vinyl on a non-system disk, but on a new one, there is important information, like when formatting a sign, vicorist staffing Windows or third party programs amended pardon.

Basically, the standard utility chkdsk helps to fix problems with formatting in RAW.

After rechecking the computer, restore the correct sectors and the NTFS file system on the problem volume.

Important! This method is effective, like a flash drive or a hard drive was formatted in NTFS.

Also, the chkdsk utility will help if the system disk is corrupted. But for whom you need a zavantazhuvalny disk or a flash drive.

1. Start computer exciting flash drives Disk Abo → Select "Reboot system".
2. Additional parameters→ command line → enter chkdsk drive_letter: /f.

In the midst of the renewal, the letters of the divisions are reviewed in the name of the logical disks. For mercy's sake, open the list of computer distributions in the command line.

Enter diskpart → list volume → the list will indicate which system disk.

Korisno know! If these methods did not help, try restoring the system from saving backups.

Use third-party programs to help support the NTFS file system, for some reason it was reformatted to RAW. The stench doesn't eat the information of the koristuvach, which is saved on volumes, on the chkdsk utility, as in the process of renewal you can "chachepit" them.

MiniTool Power Data Recovery

Important! This method is the most efficient, as the RAW file system appeared on flash drives.

The utility does not change the required format, but makes all files that are saved on the nose visible. So you can work out of them. The main disadvantage of MiniTool Power Data Recovery is that it is cost-free. The trial version works with files that do not exceed 1 GB (also read Updated information on disks for the help of Disk Drill for Windows).

Test Disk

Ce rich functional cost-free utility, which works with the partitions of the hard disk with a large number of options. The program is presented in a portable version, which does not require installation. The main disadvantage of TestDisk is that there is no Russified interface.

Alternative way NTFS-formatting update is presented in the video.

Let's describe the process manual inspiration data from different remote files or files from other NTFS system distributions for an hour working with Windows NT OS. The problem is that the warehouse has no OS program contributions. Programs for updating data NTFS in the form of third-party vibrators, unfortunately, do not start victorious all the possibilities of updating. The situation is illustrative in the presence of new documentation, such as the low-level structure of the NTFS block blocks.

Well, it’s just that once it appears that a computer with Windows NT OS is no longer zavantazhuetsya or something logical divisions Have NTFS become inaccessible?

It is necessary to clarify at a glance, what caused the injustice: physical ushkodzhennyam disk, the output of the controller is to destroy the NTFS file system.

Disk problems

Zhorstkі disks may surround the term of service, ring out the spiel of rokiv. Vihіd pristroyu z ekspluatatsії іnоdі can vyznachiti characteristic clatter at the time of initialization. The disk can click once and then calm down, so it does not spin. When you initialize the BIOS, tell you about the problem. In such a situation, the repair of a hard drive needs to be done. As a matter of fact, the quality of the information that has been used is not cheap.

Repair vykonuєtsya in this way. As if the electronics were out of tune, the position was fixed by the hermetic expanse of the disk, then it is replaced or the fee is being repaired. For whom, it is often necessary to choose another disk of this type.

As soon as the details are missing, they are fixed in the middle of the disk case, there will be more problems. Nasampered, it is necessary to sort out the evil disk from the so-called “clean room”, de guaranteeing the saw. Let's change the electronics fee by taking її from the other disk. The repair disk is closed, after which it is no longer enough to copy information to the third disk by sector.

To that, as a hard disk of valuable information, get ready to donate one more for repairs and find a third one for copying new data.

If you suspect a disk controller failure, try replacing yoga. Also reverse the return cable.

Problems with the file system

Having changed the disk, the controller and the cable to the right, do not rush to fix the NT Repair Disk floppy created during OS installation, or run the chkdsk file system update program - the result can be deplorable. Don't bother to know the "enchanted" NTFS updater for Norton Utilities for Windows NT - it's not there yet. Although the information is recorded on the disk, it may be of particular value, it is necessary to analyze the key blocks of the NTFS file system for the assistance of the disk editor.

Such a job will require a high qualification. Zocrema, it is necessary to sort out the formats of the critical blocks of the file system. If you are not in control of vikonati її independently, it is better to call a specialist and do not try to repair NTFS yourself.

In order to review the key blocks, you need to connect two disks to the computer: the first one, the reference one, and the other one, the information you need to update.

At the same time, the first disk is connected, and Windows NT is installed. This disk will be vikoristan for saving files, updating from the distribution of the poshkodzhennogo. Next, the Disk Probe editor is installed, which is up to the Windows NT Resource Kit. If the editor is far away from perfection, he himself will allow the vikonat to visconate the entire work of notification inside files.

Having changed everything, everything is fine with the first disk, turn off the computer and connect another bad disk to the next one.

The designation of the geometry of the logical arrangement

For a successful renewal of the information, you should select the size of the cluster and the address of the exciting sector. The first value can be taken from the investigative sector of the NTFS partition (so, obviously, it was saved instead).

Launch the Disk Probe program. Select the Physical Drive option from the Drive menu. On the Open Physical Drive panel, as it appeared on the screen, select the PhysicalDrive1 attachment by double-clicking the left mouse button in the row of the Available Physical Drives list. Then press the Set Active button, deselect the Read Only checkbox, and close the panel with the OK button.

As a result, Disk Probe denies access to read the damaged disk. Then try to read instead of the head zavantazhuvalny record of the disk, raztashovanoy in the first sector on the zero road of the zero cylinder. For which, select the Read row from the Sectors menu. The Read Sector panel appears. In the Starting Sector field, enter the number of the first sector, which is zero, and in the Numbers of Sectors field, enter the value 1. Press the Read button.

The program is important to operational memory instead of the first sector and show yoga to a sixteen-year-old looker. Select the Partition Table row from the View menu to format the partition tables of the disk, and then go to the required partition using the Go button. As necessary (if files from the expanded distribution are being updated), repeat this procedure once more.

Having reached the interesting record of the required distribution, select the NTFS Bootsector row from the View menu.

And what about the work, like the main profitable record of the profitable distribution?

This situation is grave, but not fatal. A detailed table of the capacity of the logical NTFS add-on and the number of clusters can be found on MSDN. For example, if the capacity is in the interval 1025 - 2048 MB, the cluster size is more than 4 sectors, and if in the range from 8193 to 16 384 MB - then in one cluster there will be 32 sectors. Respectfully, however, scho, adding a note about the possibility of a further renewal of the disk at a different time, you can make it easier for such a robot, if it is necessary in the future. It is necessary to make sure to write the cluster expansion once the OS is installed, while the NTFS sector is still occupied.

If the cluster expansion is so unavoidable, it can be determined by indirect methods or by the selection method.

MFT table

The internal structure of the NTFS file system is fundamentally different from the known larger FAT. Without going into the details, we add to the vіdomosti, yakі nebhіdnі vikonannya nіy vіdnovlyuvalnyh robіt.

The FAT file system (and її variant of FAT32) takes information about files from a number of places in the logical add-on. The file descriptor to avenge its name, rozmir, date of creation and number of the first seen for the new cluster, is found in the catalog. File Allocation Table, which looks like the name of the FAT file system, collects the list of all clusters seen by the file. If so, the file itself can be split by clusters.

Such an organization significantly simplifies the updating of files in case of any troubles. Particularly critical is the integrity of the FAT tables: because the table has arisen, or else it appears to be frequently circulating, knowing information about the cluster seen in the file. As a result, the file can be forcibly selected from the okremikh clusters, you don’t know much about it. Until then, the robot has been working for more than an hour. Therefore, in practice, the existence of the FAT table and її copies means the total loss of files.

It is a waste of catalogs to make it impossible to assign the number of the first cluster seen to the file, its name and exact size. And here the traces are less catastrophic, the shards at the FAT tables have lost the “stateless” clusters of lances, which are not very important to convert to files. Names taken in such a rank of files are composed of digits. Respectfully, in the event of a directory crash, to mitigate thousands of files, it will be important to know the required file if you want to keep it close to each other.

In the NTFS file system, all information about files is stored in the so-called Master File Table (MFT). Entries in the MFT table contain sets of descriptors with such information about files, such as names, date of creation and modification, security attributes and, what is more important, lists of clusters seen by files. If the file size is small, the vin can be saved from the MFT table entry.

Also, the possibility of updating files from other NTFS partitions is rich in what depends on the integrity of the MFT tables and their copies.

How to know the MFT table?

Knowing the MFT table is easy to do, as the lucrative sector of the NTFS distribution is saved. Press the Go button on the Clusters to MFT or Clusters to MFT mirr field on the panel shown in fig. 2. To look at the first sector of the table, select the Bytes row from the View menu of the Disk Probe program.

Return respect to the FILE row, spreading to the very cob of the sector. It starts with table entries that describe the files. Іsnuyu sche entries for catalogs, elements of the index and others, as it is not clear to me.

Row $.M.F.T. be known to the misplaced D2. The name of the system file to replace the MFT table, encoded in Unicode. Thus, the first entry in the $MFT file describes the file itself. Looking over the table, you can find the entries for others system files, such as $MFTMirror, $LogFile, $Volume, $AttrDef and others.

As an avant-garde ringing sector, the beginning of the MFT table is easy to know with the help of the Disk Probe program. To select the Search Sector row from the Tools menu, set the jumpers to the position, shown in the small. 4, after filling in the Enter characters to search for field, press the Search button. Let's stock up on patience, the shards of the process can take a little more than an hour.

Respectfully, what can be known in the MFT table for records for these files, if necessary. Filenames are saved in Unicode encoding, next time I will ask you to set a jumper at the position of Unicode characters. In addition, you need to turn on the Exhaustive search and Ignore case.

Analysis of MFT records

It's a pity that Disk Probe won't be able to do the same for format review instead of MFT records. Moreover, the exact format of this entry is available from the Microsoft documentation. However, you can find a lot of it on the Internet by searching for the keywords "NTFS Documentation". For example, we were far from knowing the information selected by the retailers of modules for the operating room Linux systems. Analyzing the output texts of the module for mounting in the Linux NTFS file system, one can understand the recognition of four fields of MFT records (the authors credit Maxim Sinev for help in decrypting MFT records).

The MFT record is made up of a cob fragment of a fixed size and a set of attributes that may have a changeable size in the wild. To update files, you need to know the exact format of the data attribute. As far as other attributes, it is enough to remember to signify their roztashuvannya and rozmіr.

The first byte record that describes the file is the word FILE. On fig. 3 the stench was seen with red color. Come two bytes (seen in blue color) - the adoption of the so-called Fixup area. This type has the value of zsuvu dorіvnyuє 002A (to improve the reverse order of the byte order of the word). Here and nadal koristuvatimosya sixteen numbers.

The Fixup area is highlighted in the process of displaying pardons, reading and writing. Won is folded over two bytes. The number of words is taken from the MFT record with offset 0006. In fig. The 3rd field of the Fixup area is shown in purple color. The value 0003 is saved there, and the Fixup area starts from the offset 002A and extends to 002A+(2*0003)=002F.

Attribute fields start right next to the Fixup area. The change of the first attribute is one 0030.

The first chotiri bytes of the attribute area determine the type, and the next chotiri - rozmіri in bytes. For example, for the Fixup area with offset 0030, there is an attribute with type 10. In fig. The 3rd type of attributes coming behind it is seen in red color (the size of the attribute is seen in blue). The attribute borrows 48 bytes, and the next attribute (with type 30) will be replaced by 0078.

In this way, you can see all the attributes in the MFT record. On the other hand, the meaning of FFFFFFFF is written - a sign of the end of the lancet attributes.

For updating files, the attributes of type 30 and 80 are of the greatest interest. The first choice is the file name. According to the new track, the MFT record that describes the file that is being checked. Another attribute of type 80 takes the list of clusters seen by the file, or the file itself. About the new world rozpovіmo report.

As you can see, the attribute type, which is greater than 80, is stored in the MFT record as offset 0160. The entire attribute of these data takes D8 bytes, so the value itself is in the four-byte field of the offset 4 at the beginning of the attribute.

Byte zі zm_shchennyam 8 schodo to the beginning of the attribute data ce of the sign of the resident location of the file. If this value is greater than 1, the MFT record will no longer save the list of clusters seen by the file (like the one described above), and if it is 0, the file will be reloaded in the middle of the MFT record itself. As a rule, recordings are less likely to cover files of small sizes.

Let's take a closer look at the time of the non-resident file placement. In case of any chotiri byte zі zіshchennyam 30, they save more than the file, zipped here on the disk. AT this butt The $MFT file should be B7B000 bytes.

In order to determine more accurately the expansion of a non-resident file on disk, it is necessary to run a lanyard of so-called blocks virtual numbers clusters Virtual Cluster Number (VCN) or just VCN blocks. Pokaznik zsuvu cob of this lancet is taken from a two-byte field, which can zsuv 20 bytes to the cob attribute of data. In this case, this indicator is older than 40, and in the area of ​​VCN blocks, it is more likely that the MFT record is older than 01A0. On fig. The 5th region is marked with a bold vertical line of green color.

VCN Block Area Analysis

A file that has NTFS records can be segmented. Vin is made up of one or more fragments, which are called extents. The expansion and expansion of the skin extent is described in the VCN block. In addition, there is no fragmentation of the file, VCN can replace one block or more. VCN blocks may have a different size, which is determined by the first byte.

The format of the block should be shown on a specific application. Let's take the first VCN block, which can be seen in the examined application zsuv 01A0 on top of the MFT entry:

The values ​​of the first byte with the values ​​31 define the expansion of two fields in the VCN block. The first field, which can be 1 byte long, takes the number of clusters that have seen the extent of the file. Another field is three bytes wide to indicate the number of the first cluster. AT to this particular type The first extent of the $MFT file saw 20 clusters, and the first cluster number for the first extent is 0286D9. This rank signifies the expansion and expansion of the first extent of the file.

Another block of VCN redemptions next to the first one:

To assign the first cluster to another extent, it is necessary to add to the address of the first extent of the assignment assigned to the other VCN block (with the sign removed). This one has a different allocation extent for the cluster number 0286D9+21=286FA. The length of the other extent becomes 0.824 clusters.

Analyzing other VCN blocks, you can determine the size and distribution of all the extents in the file. The list of VCN blocks is closed with a byte of zero values.

Resident files

Files of a small size are placed directly in the MFT record, which describes the file, for quick access. If the data attribute has a zero value on the cob, then it is not necessary to stitch the lanyards of the VCN blocks. This means that the file is in the middle of the data attribute.

When zsv resident data, that file, is written for the double-byte word with offset 14 to the cob of the data attribute, and the expansion is written for the double-byte word with offset 10.

Let's take a small example. To illustrate the format of the MFT record to avenge the data resident attribute, we prepared a small file with the name Small.txt to avenge the text string This is a small text file. which file (Fig. 6).

As can be seen from Fig. 6, bytes of the Small.txt file (shown in yellow color) will be placed in the middle of the MFT record with 18 offsets on the top of the data attribute, and the size of the file will be 1A bytes.

How to restore files?

Now, having gained more knowledge about the internal structure of the NTFS system blocks, you can download files from a separate partition of the file system.

If you have the names of the files that are used to update, you need to know the corresponding entries in the MFT table. You can also search for additional Disk Probe software by scrolling through the Search Sector row from the Tools menu. Dalіd sіd vyaviviti in tsommu record attribute danih that chi resident vіn chi nі.

As the attribute of data is resident, it is necessary to save the sector in order to avenge the MFT entry, looking at the file on the right hard disk or on the floppy disk. You can also do this by clicking on the Save as row in the File menu of the Disk Probe program. After that, I will need some of the data and save the result for the new file. Such an operation does not matter, for example, in the Norton Disk Editor for MS-DOS.

A time of a non-resident attribute will have more work.

Simple lanyard of VCN blocks, it is necessary to designate the expansion and expansion of the extension in the file, which is to be considered. For help with the Disk Probe program, read the data to the extent, and then save it from the file on reference disk. Also, don't forget that Disk Probe specifies the number of sectors that need to be read or written, and the VCN block contains the number of clusters that see the extent. That is why it is necessary to create a viable pererahunok.

Once you have redone all the extents, merge them into one file (for example, with the COPY /B command). Let's set the correct date for the file, remove the fields from the offset 30 data attributes. For FAT distribution, such an operation can be performed with the help of the Norton Disk Editor program.

Unfortunately, in practice, updating a large number of files will require a lot of time. It is better to give manual processing of the VCN blocks, which can be even longer. Bringing years of practice with a calculator, shifting tens of numbers at sixteen years ago, as well as different arithmetic numbers, necessary for the identification of the expansion and expansion of the extensions of the original files. That is why we are proud of the small self-contained program NTFS Explorer, which performs the most labor-intensive operations in automatic mode.

A number of hard disks can get stuck due to the impossibility of denying access to your hard disk (flash storage). In the operating system, such attachments are assigned the status “ Raw”, that file structure becomes inaccessible to the koristuvach. In this article, I will look in detail at this dysfunction, explain how to work in the situation, if the file system is RAW, and also how to turn NTFS, FAT32, like tools to help us with this and how to speed them up.

Reminder to distribute discs

What is the RAW file system

In order to understand what the RAW file system is and how to turn the NTFS, FAT32 format, it is necessary to understand the meaning of the term “RAW”. In the translation of Shakespeare's movies, the lexeme "Raw" means "Syria", "Syria material". Obviously, in our opinion, this term denotes disks, which are either not yet formatted, or the data structure on them is poor (pardons in the MBR distribution table and the MFT file table, viruses, PC hardware problems, etc.).

It seems simpler, RAW disks are the same disks, which are not recognized by Windows OS for various reasons. Sound in such a way Windows recommends formatting such a disk, which does not work, so that after formatting on the disk data will be used.

Reasons why a disk with NTFS and FAT32 becomes RAW

Reasons for the appearance of RAW disks instead of the primary file systems NTFS and FAT32:

• Raptove inclusion of such disks (loss of voltage in the margin, physical failure of their shortness, problems in the robotic life block), after which the integrity of the structure of the data that is on the disk is broken;
• Problems with cables that plug in the motherboard hard drive;
• The work of virus programs that destroy the integrity of the vanguard, distribution tables, file structure, etc.;
• Bad-sector on the hard drive, after which the structure of the system on the hard drive is broken;
• Pardons in the installation of an updated operating system;
• Pardons for an hour of work with different managers of distribution of the hard drive;
• Do not connect flash drives with a USB socket on a PC (for different flash drives);
• Problems with robots maternity pay computer too thin.

How to turn NTFS, FAT32 from RAW

• Just try reset your computer, the problem may be a vipadkovy character;
• Rewire the wiring of the cables to the hard drive, try vikoristati the second rose for connecting a hard drive to the motherboard, as well as second USB port computer with a connected flash drive;
• Conquer the power of the CHKDSK utility. Run a command line in the name of the administrator and type in a new one

chkdsk X: /f (de X is the letter of the RAW drive)

The "f" option means fix pardons on disk so that CHKDSK doesn't just detect problems, but fixes them.

I also respect that the given command is relevant, first for everything, for disks that have been formatted in the NTFS file system. If you can’t take advantage of the operating system, then take advantage of the help of the profitable system disk or flash drives (you can select different selections of Live CDs), select the system update there, go to the Add-on parameters and then to the Command row, and there type the specified command.

If you cannot get access to the command line from your PC, then it is recommended to connect a hard disk to another computer, and then check your disk for pardon from a new one.

• Victory other possibilities system utilities sfc for checking the integrity of system files. Also, run the command line in the name of the administrator, write to him:

and press Enter.

• If you have access to the operating system, then check your computer for viruses for the help of special antivirus programs(for example, Web CureIt! or Malware-AntiMalware);
• There is nothing on the problem disk important information(otherwise it’s not a sutteva), either a problematic disk (or a flash drive) you can format. Click on the "Start" button, and type diskmgmt.msc in a row, the panel for disks will appear. Right-click on the raw-disk and select "Format" in the menu.

If you have a RAW file system, rotate NTFS, FAT32 - third-party programs

If you want to update the NFTS and FAT32 file system, varto fix the functionality of special programs, which we can help you with. I advocate such programs as Recuva and TestDisk.

Recuva

One of popular programs to update the inserted files - ce Recuva. Request, install and launch this product, select the option to restore all files, indicate the problematic disk, set the option of the corrupted analysis and press "Start".

After the program has completed the re-verification, you will find a list of found files, mark them with checkmarks and press “Recommend”.

TestDisk

Another program to help power the RAW file system is TestDisk.

1. Request and install this program, run it as an administrator.
2. Select the "Create" command and press Enter, select the raw disk with the cursor and press "Enter".
3. After selecting the required type of distribution table, click on the entry, then select "Analyze" and "Quick Search" (to be added shvidky poshuk problematic divisions).
4. After TestDisk knows the problematic volume, press "Write" to write the structure of the found partition.

How to change the file system of a flash drive [video]

I have already analyzed the problem more, if the file system is RAW. The most optimal tool for turning NTFS FAT32 is to use the CHKDSK system command, as well as special programs that restore the file structure of the problem disk. Well, not one of the orders I suggested was not effective for you, so I recommend that you turn to the service center - it’s possible that your hard drive has problems not software, but hardware, character, and you need ground repairs.