How to expand mother graphic files. File formats

Whether graphic images are taken from the file. The method of placing graphic data with their savings in the file is indicated graphic format file. Distinguish file formats for raster images and vector images. Raster images are taken from the file in a straight-line table, while the skin color code has a two-color code for the corresponding pixel. Such a file collects data and about the other power of the graphic image, as well as the algorithm for its compression. Vector images are taken from the file as a list of objects and the values ​​of their powers - coordinates, dimensions, colors, etc. Like raster, and vector formats in graphic files, you can do it a lot. Among the different formats, there is no one ideal, which would please the able-bodied. The choice of the other format for saving the image should be stored for the purposes of the task of the work from the images. It is necessary to have photographic accuracy in creating colors, the priority is given to one of the raster formats. Logos, diagrams, design elements should be taken into account vector formats. The format of the file is determined by the size of the memory that the file is occupied with. Graphic editors allow you to independently choose the format of saving images. How do you choose to practice? graphic images only in one editor dotsilno choose the format that the editor props for the lock. As the data will be processed by other programs, varto win one of the universal formats.

Іsnuyut universal format graphic files, which simultaneously render vector and raster images.

PDF format (Portable Document Format - portable document format) Acrobat software. Which format can save images in vector, raster format, text great kіlkistyu fonts, hypertext messages and navіt nalashtuvannya drukyuchy pristroy. Expand the files to finish small. Vіn allows you to look over the files, editing the image in any format is not possible.

The EPS format (Eng. Encapsulated PostScript - encapsulating postscript) is a format that is supported by programs for various operating systems. It is recommended for others to create illustrations in floor viewing systems. This format allows you to save a vector outline, which is an intermediate image raster.

Also, let's look at the widest graphic formats that are used for creating images, photographs, and animations.

BMP (Windows Device Independent Bitmap). Old Windows format. Vіn pіdtrimuєtsya by all graphic editors operating system. Zastosovuetsya to save raster images, designated for vikoristannya in Windows and, on tsomu, area of ​​yogo zasosuvannya ends. The BMP variant is not for the needs of Windows and should be given a wide pardon.

GIF (CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format). Independent view hardware security gif format 1987 (GlF87a) by CompuServe to transfer raster images by size. In 1989, the format of the letters of modifications (GIF89a), was added to support the clarity and animation. GIF with LZW-compression, which allows you to inaccurately compress files in a wide variety of similar fills (logotypes, writings, diagrams).

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group). Strictly jpeg is called not a format, but an algorithm for squeezing, based not on the basis of the same elements, but on the difference between pixels. Less, lower BMP! The format specifications did not have CMYK, Adobe added color support, CMYK JPEG pros in rich programs to rob problems.

TIFF, TIF (Target Image File Format). The hardware-independent TIFF format, one of the widest and smallest of the day, is supported by almost all programs on PC and Macintosh, as well as other graphics. You can access the whole range of color models from monochrome to RGB, CMYK and additional cone colors. TIFF can capture visual contours, alpha channels, balls, and other additional data. AT TIFF format Possibility of saving from zastosuvannyami dekіlkoh vіdіv sznennya: JPEG, ZIP, but, as a rule, only LZW-compression is victorious.

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript). The format is a simplified version of PostScript: you can't replace one file with more than one side, without saving a number of settings for the printer. EPS assignments for transferring vectors to raster in the viewing system, can be created by all programs that work with graphics. It is only possible to vindicate yoga, if vysnovok is installed on the PostScript-attachment. EPS supports all the necessary color models for each other. EPS can be rich in variety, which can be found in the software-creator. The best EPS are created by Adobe Systems: Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign.

QXD (QuarkXPress Document). Working format for the QuarkXPress layout program. The package is tested for stability, security code and efficiency of work. The leading competitor of Adobe Systems, which has not been able to overcome, is continuing its development in the fifth reincarnation. The next step is to indicate that in the course of dosі dvі front versions QuarkXPress 3.x and QuarkXPress 4.x. Especially іdeology of the package polagає at yogo ability to stick to be-yakі zavdannya verstalnik. Even the main functions include special extensions (Xtensions), which are more or less Plug-ins for Photoshop.

PM (Page Maker). Adobe Systems layout program format. The package is super simple in terms of capabilities. Appearing in the first line for the transition from manual layout to computer minimal vitrates staff training. Expanding with us, having taken away the roots of our own Russification and renewing the same - ease of mastering for beginners. Ninі razvitok zupineno package.

ID (InDesign). Codename Quark Killer Follower of RM, calls to catch up with competitors in the foreseeable market, in the first place Quark. The chosen hodgepodge of the solutions placed in the other layout packages did not lead to a good result. ID - a very clumsy and unhandled package, which seems to be embedding only its great-grandfather RM and through the pinning of the rest. Until then, you can think of the PostScript interpreter more than anything and there is some confusion about other Adobe products.

PDF (Portable Document Format) - Propoponation by Adobe as an independent platform format for creating electronic documentation, presentations, transferring layout and graphics across borders. PDF-files are created by the way of conversion from PostScript-files or by the export function to a number of programs. The forward format was designed as a way to save electronic documentation. To this, all data can be squeezed in a new way, and in a different way: JPEG, RLE, CCITT, ZIP. PDF can also save all the information for the output attachment, as it was in the output PostScript file.

Adobe PostScript is a language description of the sides. 80 years of creations for the implementation of the WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) principle. The file format is actually a program with commands for viewing for a visible extension. Such files include the document itself, related files, custom fonts, and other information: pay for color support, pay additional fees, raster linework and the shape of the bitmap dot for skin payment and other data for visual attachment. Data in PostScript-files, as a rule, are recorded in binary encoding (Binary). The binary code takes two less, lower ASCII.

CDR - popular format vector editor CorelDraw. Its popularity and the expansion of the package have been taken away by the simplicity of victoria and interactive special effects (lenses, transparencies, non-standard gradients, etc.). The wide possibilities of the program, in terms of effects, are explained by my rich internal description of the sides, lower in Adobe products, like PostScript. The very same is the main minus of CorelDraw. PostScript with Korean special effects is most often a headache for this prepress bureau.

CCX is a vector graphics format from Corel. Crim CorelDraw, nothing supports. For polygraphy and the Internet it is unacceptable. Prior to the transfer, you can only upload a small collection of files that are saved in any format and the appearance of impersonal video clips.

Vector graphics is a mathematical description of objects in a cob of coordinates. So, for the display of a straight line, the coordinates are needed only two points. For a stake - the coordinates to the center and the radius are too thin. Graphic formats can replace the mass of additional information: alpha channels, lines, color model, raster lineature and animation. Choose the format for printing products to lie in the output building. Photosetting is automatically processed for editing PostScript movies. Therefore, for printing, the main formats for collecting data are TIFF and EPS. Vіdpovіdno raster and vector graphics format. The rest of the hour is gaining strength PDF (Portable Document Format).

TIFF is less suitable for transmission times of raster graphics.

This format allows you to save in your own rich core information: alpha channels, color model, paths and roll balls (with Adobe whistleblower Photoshop 6-7). However, in order to increase the reliability of the education, the pre-drukarian training bureau does not recommend deleting the supplementary channels and channels in the final files. For reinsurance, as there is no possibility to consult with a friend, compression is also more likely to turn on. Do not save text and write vector graphics in TIFF format. Navіt izdіlnoyu zdatnіstu 300 dpi stink on the other will look like the effect of "drank". In order to eliminate such defects in the transmission of the EPS format, which allows you to remove raster and vector graphics, fonts and other Corresponding information. However, you often have to deal with the squealing pardon: when you open an EPS file (created for the help of Illustrator or Corel Drow) with the Photoshop raster graphics program, you continue to piously believe in those that you can practice with vector graphics. No, my dears, in what format you would not save it later, at the exit you take only a raster and nothing more. Vіdkrivayuchi whether a file with vector graphics Photoshop "om you will rasterize it yourself, so you convert it to a raster format. Only EPS creations can be created directly in Photoshop" 6-7 versions. Fonts and vector primitives, in this case, to be filled with vectors and rendered. This format is called Photoshop EPS.

Different EPS are really rich, the stench is in the presence of the image forward revision, composite or separated image, coding and compression. But all stinks agree on one thing - EPS is based on the PostScript description of the pages, which, in its own way, is the standard for printing visual attachments. Therefore, it should be safe that all files in other formats, for example, CDR and CCX, must be converted to PS. If you don’t start adequately, the commands of one movie are transferred to another, and the result of such a transformation can be in the shortest possible time zipped spitting, for the first - the entire circulation. Therefore, the setting of practitioners of Drakarn to such formats and programs is recognized. However, it does not mean that all polls are responsible for preparing vector graphics in Illustrator, and raster graphics in Photoshop, just when preparing graphics in another package, it is necessary to separate your field of "fantasy" and especially resolutely convert existing files to show PostScript pardons. For other packages, the Adobe Illustrator package will be split as a PostScript interface and you do not need to convert your files to take the format of intelligence for the output attachment. The ninth and tenth versions of Illustrator have a basic PDF format, which is also a problem for viewing, because він є practical "clear" EPS. All previous versions are based on PostScript.

Don't forget about fonts. In most cases, EPS files show only the names of the fonts and, when displayed, they are provided with others that do not match the designer's idea. The font is to blame for this, but it must be converted to curves, or it must be converted to a file, or it must be added to other files.

Color model HSB is handy for hanging in quiet graphic editors, yakі orientirovanі not so on the processing of ready-made images, but in their creation with their own hands. Use such programs, which allow you to imitate different artist's tools (pencils, pir'ya, felt-tip pens, olives), farb materials (watercolor, gouache, oliya, ink, vugillya, pastel) and canvas materials (canvas, cardboard, rice paper and other. ). Create your own artistic tvir, manually work in the HSB model, and after the work is completed, you can convert it to the RGB or CMYK model, depending on the fact that you can play it like a screen or a hand-drawn illustration. The value of the color is selected as a vector that comes out of the center of the stake. The speck in the center matches the white (neutral) color, and the speck along the perimeter is pure color. Directly the vector determines the color of the color and sets the HSB model in upper degrees. The length of the vector determines the size of the color. The color intensity is set on the okremіy axis, the zero point is the dark color.

Short instruction: Methods for compressing graphic data. Saving images in standard formats, as well as original formats graphics programs. Converting files from one format to another.

Target: to know the methods of compressing graphic files, to distinguish between the formats of graphic files and to understand how to compose them for an hour of work with different graphic programs.

The image is characterized by the maximum number of colors, which can be used in a different way, so that the mother of life clay color. Identify the type of image with a different clay color - black and white strokes, with gray shades, with an indexed color, a full color. Deyakі type izobrazhen mayut the same depth of color, and yet look at the color model. The image type is determined by the time the document was created.

Napіvtonovі image.

The color of the image is to avenge the pixels of one color, aloe to different brightness. The leather pixel can be set to 256 different values ​​of lightness from 0 (black) to 255 (white). How much is enough to correctly display the image, for example, a black and white photograph.

Be it as an image, you can recreate it on pіvton. As a visual material, for example, a color photograph, it will become monochrome.

Rice. 1.7.

Image with indexed colors

Color indexes are named so to the one that in this mode the skin pixel of the image is assigned an index that indicates the song color from the special table, as it is called color palette. In indexed palettes, there are no more than 256 colors, but maybe less. Less colors on the panel, team less memory It is necessary for choosing the color of the skin pixel and, therefore, a smaller size for the image file.

Full color image

Different colors of images can not be changed every day for the number of colors and can be presented more than 16 million.

Graphic file formats

Format- the structure of the file, which determines the way of saving and displaying it on the screen or every other hour. The file format should be called at the same name, like a part, with a dot (sound this part to name the extension of the file name).

Expansion- tse kіlka letters or digits, which can be found after the specks in the file name.

For example, the ending of the name (extension) ".txt" should be played for the identification of files, which only need to be cleared text information, and ".doc" - to erase textual information, structured according to program standards Microsoft Word. Files that are of the same format are called files of the same type.

The format of graphic files is determined by the method of collecting information from the file (raster, vector), as well as the form of collecting information (an algorithm for embossing, which is selected).

Stiffening for raster graphic files, because stench mayut dosit great obsyag.

Table 1 has hover short description graphic formats in the file, which are often copied.

Everyone is aware that all files can have their own specific extension. Photos - jpg, music files- mp3 and so on. Naming the file can be like that, if you want it yourself, and changing the extension of the file is not recommended. If you change the extension, you can damage the file. Therefore, be at whose guardian. Let's take a look at the most popular extensions of files, which are being tweeted every day:

Archive extension:

ZIP– this file is from a selected ZIP-stick, which may be supported by all archivers.

RAR (Roshal ARchive)– the same file is from the selected RAR-stamped files. The embossing coefficient is richly high, lower than the ZIP-stisku.

Video extension:

AVI- one of the most popular video file extensions. The coefficient of compression is smaller, lower for similar video formats. This format can be played by all video players.

MPEG1-2(MPG)- expanding the sound and video protection with the second data.

MPEG4(MP4)- This format is often used for transferring a file to the Internet.

Graphic extensions:

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - format for rozpovsyudzhennya merezhі. Files are more than a small size. Support animation.

BMP- raster format. The widest graphic format for Windows. Mayzhe all graphic programs can do and read BMP format. Standard graphic file format for Windows. Mayzhe all software editing Windows image can create and read BMP files. Images with BMP extensions cannot be squeezed.

JPEG(JPG)- more often than not for raster images (little ones, photo). Vіdmіnniy kofitіtsієnt stisnennya allows zmenshuvati rozmіr. But I want to know that if the file is squeezed, the quality of the image can be ruined. The JPEG format is one of the best formats in the field of photographs, that image, which supports the great number of colors. (16.7 million colors)

PSD (Photo Shop Data)– Format of the Photoshop program.

TIFF(Tagged Image File Format)- more widely vykoristovuєtsya koristuvachami digital technology. Squeeze without spending money, which is a great plus over other formats. The number of colors is approximately the same, like in the JPEG format - 16.7 million colors.

Document Format:

DOC– I think the best format is to lie down Microsoft software word. Mist as text, graphics, pictures, tables, diagrams, etc.

PDF (Portable Document Format)- This format should not be less than in the program - Adobe Acrobat. The head rank of appointments for representation in electronically printing products Adobe program reader.

TXT- A document to repair unformatted text. Windows is created and opened with a great notepad.

Music formats:

MP3- The coefficient of compression is approximately the same as in the JPG format. Ale is natural, with a strong squeezing of the sound, the sound is significantly lowered.

WAV- Microsoft's format, which is used in Windows. Oscillki tsey format may be large file expansion, and it is not suitable for transmission through the Internet.

WMA (Windows Media Audio) Another music format from Microsoft to save audio information. May be a good coefficient of compression.

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