Digital photographs. JPEG or RAW - what to choose for the photographer

At all stages of creating a photograph, it is necessary to choose a format for saving. Until the moment the sign enters the "light" of wines 4 times, save money:

• at the moment of zjomki on the memory card of the camera;
• when converting from a memory card to a PC for editing;
• after editing for saving on a PC;
• transfers to watchers - social media, clients, photo stocks.

At the skin stage, there is a great difference in formats. For example, the first task of the photographer is to take as much information as possible about the object of the hire, in order to save the most number of individuals. Here you can use the format with minimal constraints and costs. At the rest of the stage, especially for the placement of signs in social networks and instagram, the expansion of this amount of information does not play a role. There is already a smut - an idea, a barista, a vikonannya, a detail. A format is needed that squeezes photographs to miniature sizes in a frame without losing clarity and clarity. To save a photo on a PC, you will need hard archivists, do your best, so as not to drive in the accuracy of the hour of squeezing.

Most of the time, everything is done with RAW, and on the output, images are saved in JPEG, at the moment this option is the most popular. Shchob appointed z required formats it is necessary to recognize one another, as if it were the same day to find out what one sees one. Tse allow you to choose the best option for the skin stage of life photography.

How to use graphic formats

Today, there are dozens of different formats for photography, among them the most popular ones are the most popular:

• RAW- common name for all cameras, which means "Syria" of unedited file. In a skin vibrator, such a format can be called that extension. The most popular today for zyomok.

• JPEG, JPG- the other is for popularization for saving personnel in the process of hiring, the frame is “important” less, not much wasted quality, but post-production will already be difficult. The format allows the photographer the opportunity to correct the picture for a variety of parameters. For the sake of saving and transferring photographs, it is most often won by a lot of times.
• TIFF- A good option for saving a large amount of information, squeezing the frame mayzhe without loss, but the sign all the same "important" dosit rich. For a photo shoot, you need a couple of places and memory cards. The abbreviation is deciphered, like Tagged Image File Format, the format allows you to edit images for all parameters.
• PNG– format for saving and transferring raster images without significant loss of brightness. The expansion of the GIF-format was expanded. PNG color depth up to 48 bits, you can save only the object without a background. Vіdmіnniy variant for saving and editing signs.
• GIF - good squeezing of signs, but for work with great images, or editing signs of wine is not enough. To complete a simple format for transferring raster images with a depth of color of more than 8 bits. GIF supports animation, such rough pictures are often called gifs.

• PDF Vіdminny variant for saving a number of znіmkіv in one file. Photobooks, slides, photographs from one photo session are taken from this format. Official helper for offline image transmission electronically. Splitting by Adobe Systems to transfer the image in original colors and without spending sane looking. Not suitable for photographers, especially for the work of images of great size, practically does not allow editing.
• PSD create Adobe Photoshop and є editing file, which is composed of balls with a lot of overlay effects, masks, text. Vіdmіnny variant of the transmission of that image saving, as if it were on the verge of yogo a little further processing.

Crimea refurbished, even more than a dozen different formats, most of which are highly specialized, imprisoned for the same reason, as they are not suitable for the work of a photographer.

Peculiarities of the JPEG format

The greatest plus of the JPEG format is its versatility - absolutely all editors and programs for reading it. Saving the signs in the measure, or there are no blaming on the computer. On the basis of its popularity, 80% of the transfers of graphic data between shorthands are based on the JPEG format. A lot of photographs should be taken for photography, if it is necessary to save an hour for saving one frame and space on the memory card. But JPEG has some shortcomings, so choose RAW or TIFF.

Pros of the JPEG format

The mind-blowing task of the creators is to squeeze the marks to the optimal level without losing the brightness. Judging by the widening of the image in jpeg, they have wiyshlo. What are the main advantages? Format:

• Znіmki are ready to go or transfer immediately after the snap, they can be directly displayed on the PC screen, put on the printer without conversion, and look at the screen at the real one;
• On the screen of the camera, the “correct” colors will appear, in this way the picture will look for the matrix, you can change the hour of the capture;
• Manual adjustment of the camera allows you to choose parameters in the process of imaging - white balance, noise suppression, sharpness, richness and contrast;
• "Vaga" is significantly less, sometimes 2-3 times, lower when saved in RAW or TIFF;
• After zyomok, you can open the file practically in any program for review or editing;

Minus the JPEG format

But without minuses, the digital world can't get along. Є th summary of the shortcomings:

• Post-balance is impossible due to current parameters, such as sharpness, noise, otherwise the balance does not show clearing, photography is better for everything;
• When saving the frame, part of the information is used, like a mark on a large format, it is a memory of cult;
• It is very important to use sharpness when switching from RAW to JPEG, since the parameter is important, it is better to choose another format.

JPEG sums up the possibility of post-production, which is important for a photographer in that essential moment. So many people know it in RAW, and save it in JPEG, and then after editing. Such an order adds to the deyaky hardships, but to bring miracle fruits.

Features of the RAW format

For clarification of terminology, RAW is not an extension, not a format, but a common name for formats, which can be one day that meta - save maximum number information about skin pixels. Leather virobnik naming yoga in his own way. What are the benefits of this method of collecting information:

• Preservation of additional information about the skin of the image, if necessary, you can extract and extract for processing;
• Possibility of correcting the color on the highest level, in post-processing it is possible to improve the balance of white, remember the intensity or the contrast of the skin color is fine;
• A lot of editors allow you to save the perfected image and zastosuvat їx to a large image;
• More possibilities for adding additional effects, styling and artistic elements;
• High quality for widescreen druk, without dead pixels chi vtrat danikh;
• Work with relighting dilyanki, editing shadows, darkening details, clearing noise, increasing sharpness.

Mustaches RAW format to know in the field of editing signs, which is even more important for photographers, but not for ordinary inhabitants. In this way, you can see and minus the format:

• Naygolovnіsha unhandiness - the need for converting signs, without which it is impossible to see the image in a normal look;
• "Vaga" of the skin frame does not allow taking thousands of photographs quickly, and one needs a lot of space for their savings;
• The conversion of znіmkіv will require an hour and the presence of special programs, which will significantly improve the process of working with them.

We are short of time before the process of saving that photo-ops, which is not handy for “non-fakhivtsy”. We can say that the RAW-format is an option for professionals, for artistic processing and further work with pictures.

For a review of photographs at home minds or rozdrukivka їх on the format 10x15 cm, JPEG will suffice. The same can be seen to win the photo in social measures There vikoristannya RAW to create only a number of non-handedness.

10 reasons to know RAW

If you add pluses and minuses of the two main popular formats, you can make visnovok: if you are a photographer, then the RAW format is more necessary, lower the name is a baganka. The deyakі dzherel name a sprinkling of reasons for the soundness of vibіr on the new:

What format to choose?

Revamped the main formats for saving graphic files, you can robiti visnovok, what for rіznih zavdan It is necessary to choose an okremy format. In the skin, there are pluses and minuses, advantages and disadvantages.

• For kids, that saving frames in the camera's memory is definitely the best RAW. Ale for time-lapse, or a quick clatter of the shutter is better than a troch to spend a yak, ale, do not miss the head one, here JPEG is “lying”.

For editing, that design is PSD, RAW, TIFF for your choice, to whom it is convenient.

For saving on a PC - JPEG still cherishes the palm of the hand, allowing you to compactly fold the pictures without wasting power. The same and for saving photos in public records in social networks. Format JPEG wink out with peace.

For transmission of data - JPEG, I know, and GIF. The stench squeezes the sign to a pleasant rozmіrіv, not much pushing the image.

In which format you know and save - on the right, it’s special, zvichku, priority, special likeness to nothing. The right photographer and master of the wrong format should not be forced to create a masterpiece.

Moscow Institute of Education
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Distance course materials
"Information technologies and education"

Polilova Tetyana Oleksiivna
[email protected]

Digital photo

Digital photography is gaining more popularity. Digital technology has become a common working tool for journalists and reporters - a rare magazine and newspaper can do without publishing frames, crushed by digital devices. Graphic materials for the Internet are also prepared mostly for the help of digital cameras. Digital technology is increasingly used by professional photographers - they add efficiency to the result. Possibility to play a photograph on a computer through a sprig of hvilin after zimka, and the ability to edit an image on a computer to make a digital camera an indispensable helper on a studio maidanchik.

Widely widened is the service of digitizing plіvok and slides. The specializations of digital photolaboratories are emerging, as if they were making such a promise. Invisible part of the service of rich photo studios - instant digital photo with the appearance of ready-made cards on a photo printer.

What are the features of digital photography and what are the advantages?

We have already guessed about one thing - the efficiency of otrimannya znіmkіv. You can directly copy the originals of the notes to your computer and look at the results of your work. For an attacking friend, you should deprive less of those photographs, which are clearly far away. Now you can not be afraid of hundreds of incriminating photographs of sumnivnoy brilliance - here you see a "masking" sign, here you have squandered objects on the frame, on some signs the fashion model flattened her eyes, or she did not suddenly sigh.

Nearby, the shots are not necessary to be thrown into the box - їх, better for everything, you can bring to a pleasant quality for help graphic editors. That and in the distance the signs are often brought to redagulate before the signet - correctly frame, increase the sharpness, improve the color scheme of the sign that іn.

Letting a digital camera and a computer, and now the intermediary - photolaboratories have been relieved, in the aftermath of chemical processing, photographs are used, zastosovuyuchi chemical reagents. You now do not depend on the technology of chemical processing of the smelting and the professionalism of the operator. The very broken technology of the development of smelting and other signs lead to the most negative effects - changing natural signs, transcendental darkness or re-illumination of photographs.

Digital photo technologies

Industry digital photo develops more quickly. Digital cameras take in a wide range of traditional fusion cameras - and reach in the field of optics (optical lenses) high capacity), and various functions of the automatic capture.

Promoted by firms, digital cameras are constantly challenged for their capabilities and reasonable prices.

To focus on a wide range of digital cameras, let's take a look at the main elements of digital photography technology.

PZZ-matrix

The central component of any digital camera is a light-sensitive conductor attachment with a charging link (PZZ-matrix). The very same is an electronic analogue of the sonic photofusion, due to its characteristics it is rich in what to deposit the image quality. Being a direct analogue of photothermolysis, the PZZ-matrix has become one of the key features for the photographer - light sensitivity. The value of this parameter is to lie in the size of the elementary core of the PZZ (direct analogy with the size of grains of halide shriveled in photoelectrics). The characteristics of the middle of the PZZ determine the amount of light accumulated by the matrix.

The brightness of the image is also determined by the size of the matrix - the larger the matrix, the better the image can be taken. This fact is also easy to explain: it is obvious that when photographing an object, a matrix of 10x10 is captured. And here the image is transmitted by 100 points. For such a permit, the object on the "photo", maybe, it will be important to recognize it. If you tweak a 1000x1000 matrix, then the result will be noticeably shorter.

The first digital devices had a matrix of about 300,000 elements (pixels). Tse allowed to take an indecent picture on the screen of the monitor with a size of 640x480 pixels, but it was too early to talk about the photographic quality of the picture. Modern mid-range digital cameras have a matrix of 3,000,000 elements (such cameras are called three-megapixel cameras). Pictures captured by our cameras can be viewed on the full screen and processed on printers with photographic quality in the traditional format of 10x15 cm.

Change memory cards

The digital camera takes pictures on different types of memory cards.

Flash memory is non-volatile memory that can be overwritten with sufficient access (Random Access Memory, RAM). Genetically, it looks like a memory only for reading - ROM (Read Only Memory).

The advantages of flash in front of such wearables, like floppy disks and CDs - compactness, low energy consumption, great resource of work, mechanical superiority. At the same time, flash memory makers describe their products as a solid-state independent storage device, building digital data storage in whatever format. Under energy independence, the building will be built to save information without using energy calls.

Up to flash memory other outbuildings. Like compact wearables for digital cameras, small computers, players, etc., they are usually called memory cards. The widest of them:

• PC Card (ATA Flash);
• CompactFlash type I and II;
• smartmedia;
• memory stick;
• MultiMedia Card;
• Secure Digital (SD) Card.

Attachments of flash memory are ventilated, in front of us, with dimensions and dimensions. The difference is also the speed of reading and writing data, the capacity of the card. Deyakі mayut mekhanіzm zahistu copyright.

Today, such card formats as CompactFlash and IBM Microdrive, SmartMedia, MemoryStick are expanding. On repaid types of replacement cards, you can save from 128 MB to 1 GB of data. Vіdoma Sony how to propagate victorious 80-mm CDs with a capacity of 156 MB.

At Sonyє cicavi models digital cameras, which usually have 3.5-inch floppy disks and CD-RW. In the photo, right-handed is a Sony Mavica MVC-CD300 camera with a CD-RW.

At the device, which is to be bought, ring out with a small capacity to take a few photographs. Ale, a lot of lovers buy more change cards de stinks can spread dozens of kilka or make hundreds of znimkiv.

In the meantime, you can work with the storage of additional memory cards or microdiscs and work with a portable computer (laptop), regularly copying captured frames to disk.

Connecting to a computer and a printer

Modern digital cameras are connected to the computer via the USB port. The kit with the camera includes a cable, one socket of which is inserted into the socket of the camera, the other - the USB socket of the computer.

Images on a computer can be abused on a printer. Like a picture of a temple, it’s better to use a printer, which ensures photographic quality to a friend. For other photographs, it is also necessary to make a special photopaper.

And other options for other photographs - directly from the camera on the printer, skipping the stage of saving in the memory of the computer. So, for example, the Canon PowerShot G2 camera has a special interface for direct image reproduction on the CP-10 photo printer, a distributed company.

Digital "mills"

For first-time photographers, a simple, inexpensive digital camera is a simple, inexpensive digital camera - with it, you can use it to work pictures that don’t compromise on the quality of the splendid “military”. It is also simple to behave with such a device: it is not necessary to specifically point at the sharpness, install a window and a diaphragm. It is enough to take a picture and press the shutter button - the camera itself will need the parameters for taking it off garnogo image. Such a possibility can be built even by small modern digital cameras.

Let's take a look at the parameters of a small Che-ez camera! Cubik.

The lens of the camera allows you to take a view of 1.5 meters to the limit and can work in photo and video modes.

The camera has a matrix of 1.3 million pixels, it can save up to 50 frames in memory with a size of 1280x1024. For the help of a camera, you can save and save a video clip for 90 seconds with a change of 18 frames per second for display in a window with a size of 320x240 pixels.

Dimensions of the camera - 56x56x30 mm, weight - 110 g. The camera has a USB-interface, runs on two AAA batteries.

Camera Che-ez! Cubik can be called a digital mill. Ale z yogo dopomogoyu as a whole to really take away the znіmki - to understand the sphere of congestion, the ability of the device, and to understand the technique of capture.

Under the hour of shooting by the mill, defects can appear in the photographer's house. For example, the sharpness of the frame will be uneven - the sharpness is good at the center of the frame and the sharpness along the edges. The color transfer in the center and along the edges of the frame can also be reversed. When a dark object is placed on a light background, the display will automatically turn on on aphids - when a character is placed on a light background, for example, to a very darkened appearance on a light aphid.

How can you get close to such a device? In the first place, all important elements need to be expanded in the center of the frame, and insignificant details will be left out from the sides. Kindness will come out frames, de ob'єkti, scho znіmayutsya, may vaguely outline. It is not necessary to take a "mill" against the light, as you do not want to take a contour image. The ideal direct light is from the back or from the side of the photographer.

Minolta Dimage 7 Camera

The Minolta Dimage 7 camera is one of the best digital cameras for today, which professional people are satisfied with.

The Minolta Dimage 7 camera has a high brightness of the optical lens - it can be seen that the brightness of the lenses is too high. The lens can have a seven-time zoom, that's it. the building is significantly near the object of the rent practically without wasting the cost of the rent. Like a lot of other digital devices, the camera's processor can digitize more digital images - this is how you can see more clearly in the distance of objects.

The camera allows you to see objects at a distance of 0.5 m to infinity. If you happen to take pictures of small objects at a distance less than a meter, you need to switch to a special macro mode. As you have seen, for example, take a fluffy caterpillar of a blizzard - the camera will ensure a miraculous macro-zoom, if the caterpillar's skin hair will be marked in the picture.

The camera is equipped with two red-crystal (RC) screens. The vertical screen on the back of the camera can be twisted to display the scene, which is to replace the video camera. On this screen, you can look at the pictures you have taken, for the help of the menu you can see the undesirable shots.

On the screen on the top panel of the camera, the selected parameters of the image, capture program, number of possible shots and other settings are displayed.

The camera is more energy efficient. For her, a block of life and special batteries were provided, which are packed in a plastic case and connected to the camera through a cable.

For transferring frames to a computer, there is an interface cable that connects to the computer via a USB socket. Remaining versions Windows systems take the camera's memory card as a memory card, files from which are browsed so easily and simply, like from a sound disk.

The process of photographing behind the help of a high-quality camera is a great field for activity, which will require constant experimentation with overt technique, self-perfection and discipline. To reach the singing level of mastery, here you need rocks. Ale and satisfaction from seeing beautiful photographs is great.

Elements keruvannya by the camera

The camera is activated in the frame photographing mode by turning the head control wheel on the top panel (up to the icon from the images of the camera).

On the head wheel, in a red color, you can see the icons of the camera and the movie camera - in the reverse position, the camera can capture other frames or video footage.

For the census of shots and videos on the main computer, the control wheel should be moved to the position indicated by the blisk icon.

One of the features of high-quality cameras is the presence of elements of manual carving. Focusing, adjusting the display window and diaphragms are the most important functions of any camera, including digital. Qi installations can be operated in two main modes of operation - automatic and manual.

Most often, the automatic method is used, which is indispensable for serial and operational acquisitions and is especially effective in high-class devices. But if it is necessary to create a colorful or compositional effect, otherwise it is necessary to pass through the minds of the unknown - the photographer will help you to get ahead manual lashing. If you want more settings for Minolta Dimage 7, it can be set automatically, but you can set the settings manually.

After the camera has been upgraded, the photographer can set the required capture modes, image brightness parameters and file sizes, which are used - on the camera body, the control wheels are installed.

To improve the frame, a digital video camera and a rare-crystal color display are used.

As soon as you wake up with a ruhomy attachment to your sleeping bag, the camera will automatically record with a sleeping bag.

The shutter release button is installed on the top panel of the camera.

Focus frame

The camera can have a few ways to adjust the focus. Focus can be set for the help of the "cross" - for precise aiming at the speck in the image. Otherwise, you can specify for focusing the area laid in the square of the bow. With the help of automation, ensure the maximum brightness of the sharpness in the given area.

Through those that the objects in the frame are located on different type view of the lens, inevitably a part of the image (focus area) comes out sharper, otherwise - widened. In the traditional image, the area of ​​greatest sharpness is expanded at the center of the frame. However, the artist's work often zastosovuetsya th іnshіy priyom - focus roztashovuєtsya over the center of the frame. The camera allows you to implement such a focusing mode (the so-called flexible focus - Flex Focus): for the help of the "cross" focus can be set and fixed in a sufficient area of ​​the frame.

This digital camera has two autofocus modes - single and continuous.

Single autofocus is the best choice for photographing glaring recognition and capturing static objects. If the shutter release button is pressed half way, the autofocus system will fix on the object in the focus area and stay in this position until the shutter release button is pushed to the end.

Uninterrupted autofocus wins for objects that are collapsing. When pressing the shutter button half way, the autofocus system is activated and continues focusing until the moment of actual capture.

Story programs

Krim of the main universal shooting mode, the camera can use a few scene programs, as well as optimized for typical minds of shooting scenes:

• Portrait - optimizes the creation of warm, soft tones of people's skins for a singing background.
• Sports - to win for the capture of fast-moving objects with even short windshields, and for the help of uninterrupted autofocusing.
• Sunset - optimizes the camera parameters at the hour of sunset with the transfer of rich warm evening tones.
• Night portrait - vindicated for the capture of night scenes. When vikoristanny spalahu vіdvorennya object zjomki and the background zbalansirovan.
• Text – optimize the readability of black text on white aphids.
• The subject program remains active until the photographer changes the settings.

The selected scene program is displayed on the camera screen.

Reset image resize

The camera has an installation mechanism required expansion znіmkіv.

What is the larger image size at the camera, tim Krascha Yakist an incriminated sign can be taken away. The high clarity of the image will require more space in memory. It is necessary to install the image rosemary in the fallow land in the middle of the century and vice versa: small images are more suitable for placement on websites, and images of the great rosemary allow you to take high-quality prints on photo printers. The maximum image size is 2560x1920, and the minimum size is 640x480 pixels.

Image brightness set

Minolta Dimage Camera 7 Multiple image brightness settings: Super, High, Standard, and Eco.

The clarity of the image is measured by the degree of squeezing, but does not flow into the number of pixels of the image. The higher the clarity of the image, the smaller the amount of compression and the larger size of the file. Super image capture mode for the highest quality and the largest image files. As important as saving the available space on a CompactFlash card, you need to save the economy mode. The standard brightness of the image is sufficient for a normal victoria.

File formats

File formats change on an hourly basis. Change image quality parameters. Images in Super Brightness mode are saved in TIFF format. When selecting high and standard brightness, as well as economy mode, images are saved from JPEG format.

Images, fallow as a bone, are taken from 24-bit color or 8-bit black-and-white image files. The camera can create a special file format, which can be read only for the help of software that comes to the camera to review the image - DiMAGE image viewer utility.

When you select the image brightness, the camera display will show the approximate number of images that may be recorded on the inserted CompactFlash card. The same CompactFlash card may be imaged when different installations yakosti.

Exposure modes

Several exposure modes provide a wide range of image creation possibilities. Programmed autoexposure ensures automatic capture, aperture priorities and window panes allow maximizing capture capability in various situations, and manual exposure ensures total freedom when viewing images with all parameters of the image creation time:

• Program mode (autoexposure): the camera uses a window and aperture.
• Aperture priority: the photographer chooses the aperture, and the camera sets the default window.
• Window display priority: the photographer selects the window display and the camera sets the correct aperture.
• Manual exposure: the photographer manually sets the window and aperture.

Aperture (shutter, which is visible in the old models of the camera) regulates the light flow, which is consumed on the light-sensitive elements. The shutter (vitrimka) indicates the hour of light on the light-sensitive elements of the camera. At the hour of the night on a sleepy day, it is necessary to open the "shutter" for a short hour, so that the frame is not illuminated. During the day, the "curtain" needs to be opened wider and trimmed a little more, to ensure the necessary light flow.

The aperture of the lens is not only about exposure, but also about deep sharpness: the zone between the nearest object at the focus and the furthest object at the focus. The greater the size of the aperture, the greater the depth of sharpness and the greater the vitreous, it is necessary for exposure. The smaller the size of the aperture, the smaller the depth of sharpness and the greater the speed of the shutter, which is necessary for exposure.

Sound at the hour of the capture of landscapes, and there is a great depth of sharpness (large aperture values) for good focusing on both the foreground and the background. When the portraits are taken, a small depth of sharpness (small aperture value) of the object is seen against the background.

Depth of sharpness changes with different focal lengths. The lesser focal length, the greater depth of sharpness; the more focal length, the less depth of sharpness.

Shutter keruє not less expozitsiєyu, and zdatnіstyu "zupinyati" ruh. High speed shut up vikoristovuyutsya at zyomtsі sports for zupinka ruhu. Low shutter speeds can be used in order to increase the effect of the movement (oiling of the object), for example, at the hour of the fall of the waterfall. With low shutter speeds, it is recommended to use a tripod to overcome the effect of unsightly zooming in case of a vertical camera exposure.

As the shutter speed changes to a value, for which it is important for the camera to settle down in a stable state at the hour of capture (for example, at the hour of capture at night), there is a warning about the unstable position of the camera in the lower left corner of the display.

For the most part, the photographer is recommended to use the autoexposure mode. In this mode, the camera has information about lighting and focal length for the selection of the necessary exposure, the photographer’s information about the necessary details about technical details.

Drive modes

The modes of "broaching" are controlled by swidkistyu and methods of capture. With the help of possibilities, pointing lower, photographs often appear.

• One-frame "broach": when pressing the shutter button, one frame is captured.
• Uninterrupted broach: the shutter release button presses and shrinks to capture a few shots of sleep.
• Self-timer: for capturing beautiful portraits, there is no need to delay the shutter release.
• Bracketing: win for taking a series of shots with different exposure, contrast and richness of color.
• Interval capture: win for capture of a series of shots song period hour.

One-time pull - this is the main working mode of the camera, in which you know about the frames.

The continuous pull mode allows you to shoot a series of shots when pressing the shutter release button. Bezperervnoy broach mode does the same, like a motor drive on plіvkovyh cameras. A number of images can be recorded at a time, and the speed of a recording can be stored in the settings of image quality and size.

If the shutter release button is pressed down, the camera will start recording the image, but the maximum number of images will not be recorded, or the shutter release button will be released. When zyomtsі can be beaten up in the sleeps, but the speed of the recording will decrease, the shards of the sleeps are guilty of recharging between the frames.

When the non-stop autofocus mode is set, the lens will focus continuously every hour of shooting a series of shots.

Video recording

The camera can record up to 60 seconds of digital video. The clip is recorded in the motion JPEG format with a size of 320x240 pixels (QVGA). Taking digital video is not easy. For which it is necessary for the help of the head wheel to switch the camera to the video recording mode (up to the icon from the images of the camera). Next, you need to select the object of capture, compose the frame and press the shutter button to start recording.

The camera continues to record until the end of the recordable hour or until the shutter button is pressed again. At the time of recording on the data panel and displays, the recorder of the recordable video is displayed for the hour in seconds.

When the camera is zoomed in, the electronic video monitor or the rare crystal display will be displayed - the image will be displayed on the new one, which is consumed in the lens. The display will show the parameters set by the camera (for example, the size of the image, the plot program).

Nasampered, do not forget to install the plot program. If the plot is not assigned, or if it does not match the plots of the programs, it is necessary to set the universal mode.

Please make sure that the capture object is no closer than the meter, otherwise you will need to switch the camera to the macro capture mode.

For the help of a video monitor or a red-crystal display, form a frame. Here it is necessary to give respect to the primal composition of the frame - important objects should be placed at the center of the frame. If you need to enlarge the object at the frame - speed up the zoom (turn the ring on the lens).

The frame may be enough to fill in. For example, when photographing people, it is not necessary to include the infallible heavens in the frame gave endless. The main part of the frame can be occupied by the object of the capture - the people. Look at the display, if an important part of the object is not seen (for example, without special reasons, it is not possible to "cut" a part of a person's leg, arm or shoulder).

To return respect, as the light falls - wine is not guilty of getting into the camera lens. If there is not enough light, vikoristovyte automatic sleeping or supplementary dzherela light. If the object of the zomka is far away, then the sleep is not necessary, the wine will not give the necessary illumination.

In case of shooting in the mode of high roominess, or in case of weak lighting, it is necessary to use a tripod. In the folding minds of the baby, the camera spends an hour on the choice of the optimal parameters of the baby, and at that hour it is necessary to ensure that the camera is completely undamaged. Keep the camera in your hands unruly for a few seconds to finish it importantly, and through the thief of the camera, the frames come out.

Zyomka at the modes of the plot programs:

• "Portrait" - most portraits look best with great tricks. Detailed details are not underlined, and the background appears to be softly hazy with a small depth of sharpness. Vykoristovyte in sleeping with bright direct sleepy light or backlighting (dzherelo light behind the object of capture) to help reduce sharp shadows.
• "Sport" - at the beginning of the hour, try to sleep over, so that the object of the capture is within the span of the span: 0.5 - 3.0 m (in telephoto mode).
• "Zakhid" - if the sun is still above the horizon, do not point the camera directly at the sun for three hours. Intensive sleepy light can damage the PZZ matrix. In the intervals between shots, zoom out the camera or put the cover on the lens.
• "Night portrait" - under the hour of capturing the night landscapes, use a tripod to avoid the effect of "smearing" when the camera is placed under the hour of capturing with large windows. Spalakh can be used only for lighting objects, drawing them close to the lens, for example, portraits or people at a later stage. With such a request, ask people at the frame not to collapse after spratsovuvannya spalah, so that the shutter will still open the day for exposure to the background.
• "Text" - when photographing text on arch paper, you can use the macro mode. In order to hide the camera position during the shooting hour, use a tripod to capture a clear image.

If you use a high-precision camera, it is necessary to carefully adjust the technique to the top of the shutter button: on the back, it is necessary to lightly press the shutter button to fix the program, and then just press the shutter button again to capture the frame.

If the shutter release button is pressed lightly, the camera will choose the optimal parameters for focus and exposure. Focus beeps on the displays confirm that the target is at the focus. Indicators of the value of the vitrim and diaphragms change the color, indicating the blocking of the selected parameters in the exposure.

To take a picture, you need to press the shutter button again. The access lamp goes out to indicate that the image is being written to the flash drive.

The next step is also mother on the screen, after the repeated pressing of the shutter button, the moment of the actual capture of the frame can pass appointment hour- Partial seconds or navit seconds. For example, if you have introduced the “red eye” regime, then there is a small forward sleep, and only then we will struggle with the residual sign. It is not necessary to hurry up to change the position of the camera after the button on the shutter release, rather than a few seconds to trim the camera fixed, so as not to take away the frame.

You can review the captured frame on the camera displays by switching to the image review mode. If a frame is not worthy of you for composing, or rather, it’s better to see a nearby frame and repeat the capture.

Behind the words "digital photography" most people identify a compact digital "mill" and take pictures from it on the monitor screen. But what is really “digital photography”?

Over the last 10 years, there has been a sharp increase in the photo industry with the development of digital photography and global price reductions for digital cameras. Let's take a look at the history of digital photography. It started on the cob of the 80s from a conference in Tokyo on 25 September 1981, at which Sony Corporation presented the company's latest information - the Mavica camera (Magnetic Video Camera). Her image was recorded on a two-inch floppy disk, SONY called it Mavipak - 50 color signs were placed on it at a retail building of 570x490 pixels. At that moment, it was respected by the maximum diversity of the TV set, at which the photographs were looked at. Ale Mavica was rather not a digital camera, but a camera that captures a video sequence, that kind of freeze-frame work. The extension had more than one display value, which was 1/60 second, and the value of sensitivity, estimated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), was 200 more.

The revolution took place in 1990, when the first camera Dycam Model 1 or Logitech FotoMan was on sale. The camera is small CCD matrix with 376x240 pixels and the possibility of black and white images with 256 shades of gray. The device was equipped with a built-in memory of 1 megabyte, which allowed saving up to 32 characters and transferring them to personal computer. But in the cell, there was one more serious nedolіk - as if the batteries were sitting, to revive the cell, all the signs from it disappeared.

Through the next post, Kodak introduced the DCS-100 professional camera, based on the Nikon F3. The filling of the camera was formed from a matrix with a 1.3-megapixel (nine mobile phones matrices are already being installed, so that three can be moved to the DCS-100 matrix). The images in the camera were saved on an external hard disk 200Mb. The total weight of the whole set was 25 kg, and the cost of this was close to $30,000.

Now you can look at what traditional digital photography looks like. Principal vіdmіnіst poligає at the method of registration and sberіgannya izobrazhennia. In classical photography, the image is fixed in an analog look, so that the lenses of the lens passing through the lens, the particles of light are fixed on a special swimmer, covered with silver emulsion balls. To remove the residual result of the zjomka - a hand-picked sign, the slab is given a chemical test, so that I will show, fix, wash and dry. In traditional photography, pliveka is the only intermediate piece of information. With every image on the photocopier, I will show it visible, but negative (so it becomes black and navpak) and mirror-image. A negative image is projected on the surface of a light-sensitive photo paper through a sbіshuvach or verstat for a contact friend. After the exposure of the papyrus, it appears, fixes, rinses and dries, the result is a residual result - a ready-made image.

In digital photography, prominence of light, which passes through the lens of the lens, is spent on a sensor-transformer (this is the name of the camera matrix), which is composed of tens of millions of pixel-sensors, sensitive to green, red and blue colors. Images are created by interpolation lights, and sensitive pixels give photographs of thousands of reflections. Then the signal from the matrix is ​​processed by the camera's processor and recorded on the memory card or on the flash-memory of the camera.

Іsnuє kіlka formatіv recording otrimanih znіmkіv:
- JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group) – created in 1990 by a joint group of experts in the gallery of photography and today is the most popular image embossing format. Having gained its popularity to the optimum spіvvіdnoshenyu rosemіr-yakіst. For example, a 15 megabyte file can be scaled down to 1.2 megabytes with virtually no loss of power. retail can be mentioned only a trained eye and less at 100% image enlargement. The constraint is due to the Huffman algorithm.
- TIFF(Tagged Image File Format) - Published in 1986 by Aldus Corporation and submitted as a standard format for capturing images, creating software packages layouts and scanners. Building up to expansion, which allows recording raster image whether it be rich in color, making this format even more promising for saving that part graphic information that wide zastosuvannya in polygraphy. TIFF-format supports squeezing parameters:
- Do not squeeze the image;
- Victory simple diagram packbits;
– typing T3 and T4 (algorithm for typing the same for a facsimile call);
– to win deyakі dodatkovі methods, zokrema LZW and JPEG.
- RAW(Vid English raw - Syria) - The format of the image, which can be taken without interruption from the matrix of the camera without processing. Dani RAW may have a bit depth of 12 or 14 bits per pixel (JPEG has 8 bits) and more new information about the image. This format is often called "digital negative", and, similar to smelting in analog format, it is special software security to show the "raw" format in a more reasonable way of koristuvachiv JPEG.
Expansion to RAW format for some cameras:
- .bay - Casio
- .arw, .srf, .sr2 - Sony
- .crw, .cr2 - Canon
- .dcr, .kdc - Kodak
- .erf - Epson
- .mrw - Minolta
- .nef - Nikon
- .raf - Fujifilm
- .orf - Olympus
- .ptx, .pef - Pentax
- .x3f - Sigma.

Okremo next zupinitsya on DNG(Digital Negative Specification) - an image format that is called a digital negative. In 2004, Adobe released and announced announcements to standardize the format of digital negatives. The company hopes for the specifics of the DNG format without any cost, so whether a specialist in digital photography equipment can support this format. At this time, Leica, Pentax, Hasselblad, Ricoh, Sinar have included DNG support for their new cameras in order of their own RAW files. DNG also plays "development" and miraculously transfers to other formats for help, for example, Adobe DNG converter.

With the advent of digital photography, the procedure for taking off the finished image on photo paper has become easier. Now you don’t need to “bewitch” in a dark room with a red light of a lamp with chemical differences, but rather connect the camera to a personal photo printer and press the “Druk” button on the sign, as appropriate. Takozh Zhna came to the tenth of the stained -glassCters of the Matterialv, the cost, the virtance of the 36 -footing of the 36 -footing, and it becomes approximately 100 rubles, and the Varty card of the SD format on 400 ruble, Ale on VID Plivka, on the cake of 1500 fits, as long as . If you lie that the card can win for a long time, then the savings are obvious! And how much do you need to take a swimmer for an hour of travel at the entrance? On a digital camera, if the space on the memory card has ended, you can see smaller frames and continue to capture new, captivating scenes! And on swimmers, the result can only be improved by turning from the entrance and showing swimming, which allows unseen photographers to experiment more and make a better progress. Many other factors that have made life easier for a photographer, with the advent of digital photography, have shrunk the mass hoarding of photographs of middle-aged young people, and have also made life easier for professional photographers.

Digital photography for this day has practically turned its “splash” on the front and does not stand up to its development. We are now witnessing the announcement of new digital cameras, the distribution of some of them has already crossed the mark of 20 megapixels and the realism of the captured picture is already confirmed by the smaller slick "dzerkalk". For some, digital photography is the ability to portray the joys of life of loved ones and friends, and for some it is the ability to translate one’s own best ideas from the world of one and zero.

Anatoly Shishkin ©

For the cob we will try to find out what is digital. Alternating the terms “plural photography” and “digital photography”, it is not easy to understand which is the other – photography. And yet, in the first mode, there is a photograph on a swimmer, then in another - a photograph, in a first way, without a swimmer, but in a different way, “with numbers”. Everything is correct. The fundamental importance of digital cameras in the form of slick cameras lies in the fact that the image, the picture of the bright world, is captured in them not on the slicker, but in the memory of the camera in a digital view, that is, like standard pictures on a computer.

The effect of this effect is as follows: the image, light, which passes through the lens of a digital camera, does not fall on the spit, as we have called before, but on the sensor. The sensor is the most important part of a digital camera - it is a matrix of light-sensitive elements, which, reacting to the incident light, give different electronic signals. The received signals are processed by a special microprocessor and converted to a digital look. Axis, vlasne, and that's it - the photo is ready.
All this cunning technology seems to be too simple for a koristuvach. The pressure on the descent - a second to think - and the photographer is ready to finish the result on the camera screen. Turn it simple. You don’t need to show the spitting (as you still need to “work” until the end, otherwise it’s not economical), you don’t need to play the signs, so we can see if you didn’t see it - everything is visible at once. Perhaps, simplicity itself has become one of the main reasons for the popularization of digital photography. Popularization, next signify, total and wild. It was not for nothing that at the entrance it was said about the death of the swimmer - so out of it. The digital photography of the daedal is more to press plіvkov, and it is not a problem to replace it. So, in Japan, for a short time, the sales of digital cameras outweighed the sales of traditional swimming cameras. In Europe and America, the "figure" vpritul went up to swimming, it is not possible to predict, if it is necessary to replace the swimming, it is not right.
Crimium of modernity and ideas and simplicity of vikoristannya є in digital cameras and other advantages before swimming:
First of all, the swedishness of the dressing. As has already been said, the sign of a digital camera is not necessary to carry at the photo lab. In those distant hours, when digital cameras were full of inaccessible marvelous animals, even then they were loved by journalists and reporters: a fresh compromising photograph of a miserable pop star was flaunting on the obkladin of shyly charged newspapers once the photographer was happy, but not the photographer’s good luck. , Look to the slide scanner, and only a little bit - to the designers.