І graphic editors on the computer. Text and graphic editors create and course work Robot with a text and graphic editor

1. Processing text information in automation systems.

Introduction, editing and formatting of texts.

Most of the documents recognized before each other on paper, and navit a lot of electronic documents as text, that is. they are blocks of text, which are made up of sizable words, typing with sizable characters (letters, numbers, scatter marks and in). When working with text documents, the computer transforms into a kind of tight and "intellectual" machine.

During the preparation of text documents on a computer, three main groups of operations are performed: introduction, editing, and formatting. The input operation allows you to translate the current text from its original form into an electronic form, like a file that is saved on the computer. Under notice, it is not obov'yazkovo to understand typewritten typing for the help of the keyboard. Establish hardware tools that allow you to convert the text entered by scanning the paper original and recognizing images for transferring the document from the graphic image format to the text format.

Editing operations (editing) allow you to change the already essential electronic document by adding or removing separate fragments, rearranging parts of the document, merging decal files into one or, at the same time, splitting a single document into a sprat of others. The introduction and editing of the text is often done in parallel.

When you enter that edit, a change of the text document is formed. Document formatting is set by formatting operations. Formatting commands allow you to accurately designate how the text appears on the monitor screen or paper after another on the printer.

Text editors and text processors.

All electronic text documents require input, as a rule, editing, but the formatting of the document does not have to be changed.

Moreover, the formatting of a text document in certain ways is wrong on the right, fragments of information about formatting are entered before the text in seemingly invisible codes. The presence of such codes can be assigned to song programs that work with texts. So, for example, the text editor Notepad does not display a text file on the screen, creations in the WordPad text processor, wanting to hurt the programs to lie in one group standard programs Windows 9x that offense is recognized for work with texts.

In this way, there are different programs: some of them are only used for editing the text, others allow the same formatting. The first programs are called text editors, and others are called word processors.

All text editors take from the file "clean" text and the beginnings of all sums one by one. Different text processors write to the file information about formatting in a different way and that is unimaginable one by one. However, rich text processors have the ability to convert text from one format to another.

Windows 9x stock comes standard text editor Notepad and simple text processor WordPad. Unformatted text files in Windows systems extension.TXT, and WordPad files - extension.DOC.

2. Text editor Microsoft Word. Robot mode and commands.

Word standard Windows– by the program, its launch and completion is performed as standard (by clicking the left button of the mouse behind the icon).

At the top of the window, the command bars are expanded, before which there is a row of menus of that toolbar - Standard and Formatting.

Under the instrument panels there is a line, graduated in centimeters.

The main part of the window is occupied by the working area, which is to avenge the window of the document, which is edited.

Vertical swirl of the Word program may be special. Under it, there are three additional buttons for the transition: to the side up and down, or to the reverse object, which side can be, divided, table, wine, heading, little ones, etc.

At the lower part of the vіkna, I will stand in a row. Vaughn to revenge final information document and indicators that indicate the flow mode of the work.

Document submission method.

Lіvoruch vіd horizontal ї smogu smugi roztashovuetsya chotir buttons that allow you to choose the type of display of the document in the work area.

1. The first button is to clear the default mode. Tsey assignment mode is more for robots with text.

2. The mode of the electronic document is required for revision of the finished document.

3. In the layout mode, the document appears on the screen in exactly the same way as it was seen for an hour on paper.

4. Structure mode is handy for working on the layout of the document.

Work from a kіlkom with documents.

On the face of its simple counterpart, the Wordpad processor, the Word text processor allows you to process a lot of documents at once.

The active window of the document may have the following buttons:

1. crying

2. I spit

3. what is the curve

After folding, the window of the document appears in front of a small panel near the lower left edge of the working area.

To switch at the window of the required document, it is necessary to click the button of the mouse, whether it be the same window.

Introduction and editing of the text.

In the window of a streaming document, always sweep the glare of the vertical border - the cursor.

After reaching the right edge of the page, the text is automatically transferred to a new row. To finish a row and a new paragraph with Primus, you need to press the Enter key.

Command keruvannya with the cursor.

For visualization, copying and relocation of fragments in the text, the relevant fragment can be seen on the back. The fragment is seen by stretching the mouse.

The visible fragment is deleted by pressing the Delete key.

Skasuvannya pardon teams.

Skasuvannya remaining vykonoy commands vykonuyut command Edit - Skasuvati or a button on the toolbar.

I will say that I will transfer the confirmation of the document so that I will win the letter until the end of the command. If the operation was skasovano paromilkovo, then immediately after that you can repeat after the help of the command Edit - Repeat. Repetition of operations is possible only after they have been told.

Depending on the type of the image, the font.

In Word, all operations of changing the font will be fixed up to the seen fragment of the text, or for the day of the sight, to the word where the cursor is located. For the simplest operations of changing the look and feel of the font, use the Format toolbar.

Select the typeface from the Font list, select the number of symbols from the Font Size list, and use the Bold, Italic and Subscript buttons to change the font size.

Effects that are not available from the Format toolbar can be created in the Font dialog window, as shown by the Format command. At the bottom part of all tabs of the dialog window, a butt of the text written exactly before the specified font parameters should be hovered over.

Elements of the tab Font match the elements of the Formatting panel. The list, which is being expanded, is represented by non-standard variants of the support to the text (for example, by rice paddy or dotted line). Change the color of the text in the Color list. This operation may be sensitive only for electronic documents the kind of documents that are used on a color printer.

The checkboxes on the Interval tab allow you to change the intervals between characters. Zavdyaki tsomu text can be enhanced or expanded, which is often featured in headings.

Revision of paragraphs.

Revising a paragraph - ce rozashuvannya yoga between the right and left margins of the side.

AT Word programs checkboxes are set to clicks on the clear button on the Formatting toolbar. Three buttons (Left Edge, Center, Right, Width) can only have one enabled.

Paragraph formatting.

For re-formatted the paragraph is written with a dialog box Paragraph, if you want to open it with the command Format - Paragraph or after the additional paragraph Paragraph y context menu, what is called by clicking the right button of the mouse

Ale, it’s better to format for an additional line.

Formatting for help lines.

The line allows keruvati with line boundaries and tabulation positions of the flow paragraph. The cordoni of the paragraph is given by the way of moving (pulling) special markers.

1. Tricky marker, rotting the zliva at the bottom (up the hill) sets the left boundary for all rows in the paragraph, crimson first.

2. An inverted tricot marker of a zliva in the mountains sets a line on the cob of the first row of a paragraph and allows you to formulate a paragraph indent.

3. The square marker under the line is the key element of the keruvane, which is always located directly under the trident marker of the left boundary of the paragraph. In case of overtightening, the markers of the left border move at once from the savings of their forward position. Such a specially designed paragraph can be twisted for formatting epigraphs, especially important fragments in the text, quotations just like that.

4. Tricky marker, rotting right-handed, signifying the right between the flowing paragraph.

5. The symbol, which designates the tabulation position, is placed on the lines of the line. Vin may look like a "kutnik". By clicking on the new one, you can change the appearance of the tab character and, apparently, the method of displaying the text.

Graphic editor - ce special program, recognized for revision on the computer. In addition, similar PZ allows the little ones to work independently. Previously, the representation of data in a graphical way on a computer was realized in the 50s of the last century. At that time they were scattered graphic programs for the EOM, which zastosovuvalis in military and scientific fields. AT present moment There are three main types of graphic editors - raster, vector and hybrid.

Basic functions of graphic editors

Before the main functions of graphic editors, you can see:

• the editor can do it manually, and with the help of special tools (stamps, crooked ones. bud.).
• Reworking of the finished image. Photos and little ones can be moved, rotated and scaled. Also, such programs give the ability to work from the smallest parts of the image. For example, such a function is available as a view of a fragment of an image. Pictures can also be copied as if in layers, and in parts, as well as glued and rosefarbowed.
• Adding text to an image. Corystuvatisya with whom you can sound in different fonts - both modern and stylized “for old times”.
• Robot z outbuildings. Namalovane or edited images for the bazhannya can be tampered with on the printer without going through the programs. I realized that the file can be saved in a folder on a hard drive or a hard drive.

Raster editors

A raster graphics editor is a tool that is used for editing ready-made images. All software security guarantees the most accurate transmission of tone and tone. It is composed of many points, called pixels. Raster pictures are made to be as realistic as possible. The number of pixels depends on the number of pixels, as well as the color of the building. What more dots of different sights to avenge the image, then it’s clearer. Raster graphic editors may have a small nedolіk. Freely scaling the image to any number of windows is impossible without loss of brightness. On the right, the number of dots is strictly fixed in the skin picture. To that, let's say, for larger images, the points are simply larger. Tobto picture to spend clarity.

The most raster image is taken. However, the most editors support and expand the format, such as bmp, gif, tif, etc.

Vector graphic editors

Vector graphics editor is a program that is recognized for creating images of high accuracy. Tse mozhe buti, for example, armchairs or schemes. Such pictures look more richly clear, lower raster. All elements are described mathematically. Therefore, an increase in such a little one can be seen absolutely without wasting clarity. Prote such a realism of the image, like bitmap editor, the vector cannot be secure.

Graphic editors of vector graphics allow not only to draw the little ones manually, but also to convert them into diagrams raster image. For whom victorious so the titles of the method of trasuvanya. In this rank, for example, you can transform a photo into a stylish poster. Files that have vector little ones, those that are paired with raster files, may have a small volume.

Hybrid graphic editors

With a hybrid graphic editor, for creating images, you can mark as raster, and vector tools. The main shortcoming of such programs can be called the folded nature of the vikoristan. Therefore, the stench of the dosi did not fill up with a particularly wide width.

Raster editor Paint

Otzhe, graphic editor - what is it? It is even more convenient software security, an indispensable tool for robotic artists, photojournalists, engineers, architects, etc. Today, editors are more foldable, recognized for professionals, so simple, like victorious people. Until the rest, you can add Paint - one-way raster editor, which is practical on the skin home computer. Bigger vikna tsієї program occupies the area of ​​​​the little one. Paint spreading levoruch. The program allows you to freely paint, scale pictures, change their colors, erase inappropriate details, and also practically in one click to swipe all the colors.

Raster editor Adobe Photoshop

Like all raster graphics editors, Adobe Photoshop assignments for work, for us, for digital photography. The program was developed as a tool for professionals, and quickly gained popularity and amateurs. Main її dictatorial peculiarityє sverdі neobmezheniya perelіk vozmozhnosti іnstrumentarіyu. For the help of this program, it is easy to visualize other parts of the image, create masks, change the proportions of pictures of those other parts. For a reason before photography, or pictures, you can add different effects, change their color, brightness, richness, contrast, etc.

Corel Draw vector editor

Working tools of the graphic editor Corel Draw - the first, the first for everything, geometric shapes, which can be transformed into other images, as well as curves. It is not easy for the rest of the victors to bring to perfection a hand-painted picture. You can fill in the images by yourself different methods. When bazhanni, it is allowed to vikoristovuvaty like colors, and different kinds of viserunki and textures.

The little ones in the Corel Draw program are created on a robot arch located near the center of the window. The toolbar is in the left part.

The graphic editor is a ceremonial, as it can appear brown in different situations. Learn how to be curly, wanting to be simple, insanely, varto. For the help of such a PZ, you can remake a non-showy photograph on the right vitvir of art, create a caricature or paint a picture and send it to your friends.

Repetition of that zagalnennya on those: "Text editor", "Graphic editor".

lesson type: repeating - zagalnyuyuchy.

Methodi vikladu:practical, verbal.

Methodically accept:

• frontal work of the teacher from the class;
• showing the zrazka dії by the teacher;
• independent work of the uchniv.

Methods of stimulation and motivation of the teacher:

• excited;
• mutual control;
• almost satisfied with the results of the training.

Target: to organize the activities of the students, directing the consolidation of the material covered.

Lesson task:

• practical preparation of learning to the standard method of using the EOM - a robot with a text, painting that armchair, shaping the first robots;
• shaping a statement about the advantages of computer processing of texts and small prints;
• shaping my thoughts to put my thoughts in order in Russia, I’ll become a text, for the sake of reaching I’ll become a picture, tobto. їhnya algorithmizatsiya;
• vihovannya zvichki until mislennya, scho viperedzhaє fingers before irrevocable operations - writing to disk, deleting a fragment just;
• promotion of valeological knowledge for an hour of informatics lessons.

Ownership:

• computers Pentium-166;
• cards that allow you to use the main combinations of keys.

Hid lesson

1. Actualization of the activity of the uchniv.

teacher Let me remind you that this lesson will be assigning a repetition of the material covered on two topics: “Text editor” and “Graphic editor”.

Knowing that newcomers, as you have learned in the lessons of the vivacious editors, you already need to know.

1. Revealing theoretical nutrition and practical reductions.

The teacher propagates teachings on the following questions:

Need a cursor now?- Show the redaguvannya.

Chi is possible without new practice?- Important.

How does the editor define, how should the text, vvazhayuchi on the cob, add a symbol?– The editor remembers the number of the first character on the screen, knows the coordinates of the cursor and the last row.

What is taken into account with the other text of the EOM memory: when the symbol is removed, when inserted?- Sounds like data in memory forward or backward.

How does the editor know that a row is skinned?- Behind the special invisible symbol of the end of the row.

Can a graphic editor be a vikonovets?- So.

Send butt commands to the editor as a wiki.- Paint a line, paint an oval, paint a closed figure, etc.

Card work:The teacher distributes cards to learn where they stink.

Cards contain the following information:

home- cross the rows;

end- go to the end of the row;

Tab - zrobiti paragraph;

ctrl+shift- switch to Russian (English) alphabet;

Delete- view the character above the cursor;

Visible to the right-handed symbol in the cursor;

Enter- transition to a new row, introduction of a row and other cards.

1. Work with practical tasks.

The reader guesses that when the practical knowledge is vikonnі, the theoretical knowledge and the practical vmіnnya are closely intertwined.

Learn to give before the task: Redo the text of the file, grafting it to the standard one.

Gartuyte

1. Do you know why the person in the building is very cold, and when it gets cold, hands start to get cold?

2. The whole secret is with the one who is constantly exposed and that more of the other parts of the body are sealed.

3. And how is it possible that the whole body was so sealed, like a denunciation? Good!

4. For harvesting vicorist, repeat, sun and water. Naygolovnіshe at zagartovanni - tse schodenne repetition of procedures.

5. Take baths at any time of fate. Work out in underpants and T-shirts with the opening of the weekends, with the opening of the bribes. It is fresher, colder, fresher, fresher, sour the thinner blood, uplifting mood.

6. Sleepy baths are more likely to take a bath at a temperature of 18. Sleepy changes increase the tone of the blood vessels, cleanse the pores.

7. Water procedures are painted at any time of fate, before they are wiped, hot and sheath baths, showers, bathing in the sea, rivers or other waters.

8. One of the folk forms of dressing is walking barefoot, Walking barefoot with rank dew, on the water following warm summer boards, on peep, pebbles is especially beautiful. Walking barefoot like a zagartovy, and to serve as a sure way to prevent flat feet, shards of stone from the feet.

Fizkult-pause.

Learn to give a friend a task: Create text in a text editor

Charging gives goodness

Rank gymnastics, or, as they call it, exercises, is dear to everyone: small, great, first-rate athletes, and Olympic champions. It helps the body to make it easy to go to sleep until sleeplessness.

After charging, you no longer look like you are sleeping, your appearance will be fresh, and the body will be good.

Why is rank gymnastics more important? Zvichayno, there is a sign of health, and even a little exercise. When vikonannі right develops strength, spritnіst, virility, gnuchkіst.

People need a strong will - one of the most important qualities, without which it is important to build on success, be it right. Improve your will power from the least - to work on the exercises of the day.

Hour of rank gymnastics 10-15 minutes. Let's sweat a shower or douche (rubbing). If you don’t weave it to school, but walk with a brisk walk, seeing lightness at the body, clarity at the head.

Fizkult-pause.

We teach the third task:For picking sketches at home from a graphic editor Paintbrush paint little ones, dress them up in a healthy way of life.

4. P_dbitya p_dbag_v lesson.

More than once guessing about the importance of that significance of quiet knowledge, like the stinks of nabula in these lessons; praise the boys for garnu robot at the lesson.

Apply applied software

Text editor (text processor) the program is called, the main recognition of which is the preparation of other texts. Modern text editors provide the whole range of operations, necessary preparation of text text. A careful look at the object shows that the range of operations is even wider.

Yak butt of the greatest extensions in the world text editor Word firms Microsoft. This editor has a lot of versions, which are inspired by their capabilities, the central element of any text editor is the direct introduction of the text. Here the possibilities of different editors are approximately the same: the text can be entered from the keyboard, copied or transferred to a different place of the text, copied from a different text or imported from the text prepared by another program. .

For the main text of the document, for other documents there are various additional notes, and the main part of them has been transferred to the editor word. Among the elements of the design of the documents, the next step is to guess the signature to the little ones and the table, letters, wines, indicators, zmist, headers and footers.

More opportunities for collective work on a document given by an editor word. One document, the titles of the head, to avenge the headings of the submitted documents, the skins from which are placed in the okremu file, the skins of the file are prepared by their practitioner independently from others. From the main document you can read the Reshtu.

At the editor Word the document can be looked over exactly in the same way, in which case it appears on paper after another. Even better, if you edit the text right away and you know how you see it after a friend on the printer. This is the opportunity to allow you to spare a lot of time for each piece of paper.

A text editor is a representative of a wide class of products, which are called editing systems. The typography systems have great respect for robotic fonts. Fonts are divided according to the typeface (font type), baptism, mov and rozmіru. The typeface reflects the typical artistic features of small letters. Crossed letters allow you to vary small letters at the borders of one headset. One and the same typeface can be played for different languages: English, Russian, German too.

You can see a few groups of service programs, so you can enter professional viewing systems:

Scanning an image from the recognition of textual information;

Processing of scanned images;

Spelling check;

Work on the font, including various subtle visual effects (visualization, kerning thinly);

Converting an image from one format to another;

Translation software.

Irrespective of what text processors can do in their own preparation of graphic illustrations, as you need to prepare effectively and accurately that folded graphic image, the following program is specially recognized for the creation of that graphic image editing. You can easily turn on images for the help of graphic editors to the text created by a text processor.

Graphic editors allow you to create foldable trivi- mer images with shadow effects, smooth transitions of tones. You can display the object of dekilcom with the dzherel of light and pick it up until the feast, until you take away the necessary contrast to the image that is being created. As you have entered a photograph into the computer, using a scanner, graphic editors allow you to retouch and retouch photos in a different way, montage and otherwise see the work, know and do not know professional photographers.

Use graphic editors, which will significantly facilitate the process of creating an armchair and diagrams. Tsі editors nezamіnnі pіd hоur preparation of chair parts, drawing at the chair electrical and other circuits, and navit geographic maps. Rich editors allow you to create rich balloon images. You can, for example, like the first ball draw a map of the world, like the other one - put a cordon of the country, like the third one - the name of the city, etc. ale rozdrukovuvati that look over like a vaga shari picture so i skin okremo.

Text editor– ce application program for the creation and processing of text documents. Among text editors you can see:

- Text processors (Microsoft Word, Lexicon, WordPad, Writer).

- Text editors (Multi Edit, Notebook).

- Formula Editor (Microsoft Equation, MathType, LaTeX).

Text editors with the ability to design the text and a set of other objects (tables, formulas, small ones) are called word processors.

The most popular application program in the world is a word processor Microsoft Word (Word, MS Word Microsoft Office.

Text processor window Word include header, menu, toolbar, working area and row. In the working area there are lines, swirling swirls that part of the document is visible.

Text editingє the process of changing characters in the text (including inserting, deleting, replacing, copying, moving fragments in the text too). Text formattingє the process of formatting the type of text for its presentation on the screen (including the formatting of symbols, paragraphs, sides, etc.).

Character formatting means the setting of the number of characters (bold, italic, sub-lines), the size of the font type, the color of the characters and the number of characters, the setting of the width of the characters, the spacing between characters, the animation in the text, the top and bottom indexes. Paragraph formatting means setting the text alignment (along the left and right edges, in the center, in the width), in the beginning and in the first row, inter-row interval(single, one-and-a-half, underlined), left-handed and right-handed in the paragraph, above and below in the paragraph thinly. Side formatting means the order of watering on the side (levoruch, right-handed, to the beast, from below), the orientation of the side (book, album), to expand the paper thinly.

At the text processor Wordє possibility to insert tables(Square regions, subdivided into middles). Table editingє the process of changing the її structure (inserting, removing, changing the layout of rows and columns; joining, splitting the middle, etc.). Table formatting– the process of designing the structure of the image on the screen (changing the fill, between the middles, the vertical view, etc.).

At the text processor Wordє the ability to insert formulas with the help of the formula editor. Formula Editor- Text editor, oriented to the typing of mathematical formulas. At the text processor Word Mostly vector graphics win, but there is also the possibility of robotic raster graphics. You can insert the following graphical objects into a document, such as:

- Autofigures(line, arrow, rectangle, oval, polyline, curve, curly arrows, stars and lines, blocks on the block diagram).

- write.

- winoski.

- Raster images.

- Wake Up Image ClipArt.

- Artistic WordArt titles.

- Diagrams(Simply, organizational, schematic) too thin.

At the text processor Wordє raznі zasobi avtomatizatsії raboti s text documents. Before them one can see:

Costi search for background information.

Costi ask and replace words at the document.

Costi transition between parts of the document.

Costi automatic placement of transfers at the words.

Costi spelling.

Costi tweaking the interface and parameters.

Costi seeing a document for a friend and etc.

Documents can be twisted like this components, yak:

- Thesaurus(Zasib search for synonyms).

- fields(Make sure to insert formulas that are calculated).

- speakers(text areas, roztashovani kіlka stovptsіv).

- Lists(Marked or numbered paragraphs).

- initial letter(The first letter of the paragraph has been omitted).

- Tabulation(zasіb collapsible virіvnyuvannya text in a paragraph).

- Styles(Get folding format).

- winoski(Explanation in the lower part of the side).

- Notes(Explanation instructions from the text).

- Bookmarks(Koshti, other components are included).

- Headers and footers(repeated text on the top and bottom margins of the side) too thin.

AT text document vicorist 4 main modes review:

- Primary mode(Vіdobrazhennya only text).

- Side marking mode(Vidobrazhennya placement of the text on the side).

- Web document mode(Vidobrazhennya text beyond the width of the window).

- Outline mode(Improvement of the necessary equal headings).

Besides, they win supplementary regimes:

- Non-Handed Character Mode(Introduction of spaces, symbols of tabulation, end of paragraph, description of that).

- Mode forward revision (Vіdobrazhennya of the document before seeing for another).

- Reading mode(Reviewed and corrected and respected by reviewers).

- Document Outline Mode(Vіdobrazhennya only headings) and so on.

Table processor– the whole application program for the creation of the processing spreadsheets(find home spreadsheet processors – Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro, SuperCalc). Other table processors are also called spreadsheets.

The most widely used spreadsheet software is a spreadsheet processor Microsoft Excel (excel, MS Excel), what to enter before the warehouse package office programs Microsoft Office. At the table processor excel The arches of the electronic spreadsheets are folded from the middle on the reline rows and columns. The rows are marked with numbers, the columns are with letters.

Addresses in the middle the designation of the index of the rows is called, on the peretina of which there is a center. Range of middle is called a straight-line group of middle-sized ones in the form of a cob to a terminal one (indicated by the sign " : ") Other addresses in the middle include the name of the arch or file.

butt 1.

C2 - addresses in the middle in column C and in row 2.

B2 : D5 - the range of the middle from the middle B2 to the middle D5.

Formula- the whole set of constants, functions and the address of the middles, connected by the signs of mathematical functions (the formula starts from the sign "="). The formulas have the following arithmetic operations:

+ (Supplement).

- (Vidnimannya).

* (multiple).

/ (Podil).

^ (step down).

After the introduction of the formula, the result of the calculation of the number of the formula is displayed in the middle. The formula itself can be looked over and changed by a number of formulas.

Function– naming the object, which can have the same parameters at the arms (the parameters are crossed through the point with the coma). For formulas, you can select impersonal functions, as a division into categories: mathematical, statistical, textual, logical, financial, etc. The most common functions are:

SUM (calculation of the sum of numbers in the middle).

AVERAGE (calculation of the average value).

МІН (calculation of the minimum value).

MAX (calculation of the maximum value).

YAKSHO (calculated according to one of the two formulas fallow in the mind).

1. Visible addressing.

2. Absolute addressing.

Diagram- graphic display of tabular data. The middle of the diagram is seen as histograms, lines, circles, circles, graphs, dots, and panes.

perelik- A set of rows in the tables, which to avenge the data. The list can also be used as a data base, and the same columns in the list are called fields, and the rows are called records.

Filter- Zasіb for the selection of a row of the list that satisfies the singing mind. Zveda table - This is the table, as a victory for the swedish pіdbitya pіdbumkіv аbо аbо аdnannya great obyagіv danih.

Computer graphics- This is the science that develops the processing of graphic images from the computer's variant. AT computer graphics buvayut so see that straight:

- Raster graphics(the image is represented as a set of dots).

- Vector graphics(the image is presented as a set of lines and other painting objects).

- Trivial graphics (the image creates the effect of glibini and є a set of volumetric figures).

- fractal graphics(The image is given by looking at one or the other dekilkoh mathematical formulas).

- Armchair graphics(images are armchairs and allow you to be graphic primitives in every possible way).

- Presentation graphics(images are a set of slides that allow them to be shown on the screen for a presentation).

- Science graphics(images and different diagrams, graphs, schemes, plans and allow to reveal the fallowness between different things from a scientific point of view) and so on.

Graphic editor - This is an application program for creating graphic images. Graphic editors are:

Raster graphic editors ( Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, Corel Photo-Paint, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, Deneba Canvas).

Vector graphic editors ( Corel Draw, Adobe Illustrator , macromedia freehand, Xara).

Three world graphic editors ( 3D Studio Max, Maya, LightWave, Corel Bryce).

Raster graphics editor assignments for the creation and processing of raster little ones. An elementary graphic primitive is a point, as it is called a pixel, and, for example, the coordinates of all points on the screen are stored in the memory line.

Vector graphics editor assignments for the creation and processing of vector malyunkiv. An elementary graphical primitive is a line, in memory, the coordinates are saved, only the spat and the end points, and the other parameters are taken.

Trivial graphics editor appointments for the creation of that obrobka of large little ones. Graphic primitives are the frame of the figure, which is used for vector images with the coordinates of the apex points, and dotted little things (texture, map), which are superimposed on the frame.

Presentation graphics program- the whole application program for the preparation of electronic presentations by computers.

For work with electronic presentations, it is most common to win software product Microsoft PowerPoint (PowerPoint, MS PowerPoint), how to enter the warehouse for the office software package Microsoft Office. Presentation graphics program PowerPoint allows you to form slides for presentation, review the created presentation on the screen of the monitor and to the wall screen behind the help of a video projector, set different animation effects for changing slides, the appearance of such writing, small pictures, and diagrams.

On the slides you can place different objects:

- Text writing.

- Text lists.

- Autofigures.

- Image ClipArt.

- Diagrams and etc.

Until there are some objects PowerPoint you can add animation effects, they are divided into 4 groups:

Effective entrance(The object is shown on the slide at the hour of the presentation).

Effective output(The object is known on the slide).

Effective vision(The object changes the shape on the slide).

Effective way of moving(The object moves on the slide).

To change the slides at the hour of the presentation, you can also set different effects, such as novelties, Godinnikov's arrow, filling, blinds, rectangular, checkers, zsuv, razchinennya, etc.

You can also customize the sound design of the slides, the hour of the slide show, the speed of the animation, the drawing of the effects, the summation of the effects, etc.

Archiving (packing) - placing the left files in the archive file at a glance. Rozarchivation - the process of updating files from the archive in exactly the same way, which stinks before being taken to the archives. Programs that pack and unpack files are called archivers.

When squeezing, one or more files are placed in the archive file (archives). In this way, the meta-packaging of files is the security of a more compact distribution of information. In addition, packaging makes it easier to transfer data from one computer to another, copying files to disks for an hour, allowing you to protect information from unauthorized access, and protect it from being infected with computer viruses. Steps of embossing files to fall into the type of embossing program, method of embossing that type of output file. Text files are squeezed the most, and program files are squeezed less. Large archive files can be placed in several parts (volumes). Such archives are called rich volumes.

The most popular archive formats:

ZIP is an archival format based on compression algorithms propagated by Israeli mathematicians Lempel and Ziv. Vіn vіdrіznyаєtsya pryyatnym step stisnennya іnformatsiї that dosit vysokoy shvidkodієyu. (WinZip)

RAR - decommissioning by Russian programmer Evgen Roshal and allows decommissioning squashed file richly smaller, lower ZIP, but at the same time, the process of processing the archive. (WinRar)

CAB - zastosovetsya in Microsoft products as a standard for packing files, moreover, this algorithm is a commercial secret.

TAR is the largest extension in Linux-based systems.

Antivirus software. One of the biggest effective ways The fight against viruses is the development of anti-virus software. Antivirus program– a program recognized for searching, displaying, classifying and viewing computer virus and virus-like programs.

At the same time, it is necessary to know that there is no antivirus, as it guarantees a hundred antivirus protection, shards on any antivirus algorithm can always propagate a new algorithm to a virus, invisible to that antivirus.

The most popular and effective antivirus programsє anti-virus scanners, CRC-scanners (auditors). Also use antivirus blockers and immunizations.

Scaneri. Robotic principle antivirus scanners grounds for reversing files, sectors and system memory I will search them for new (non-scanner) viruses. For a joke about viruses vikoristovuyut so zvani "masks". The sequence of the code became the mask of the virus and the code, specific for this particular virus. If the virus does not take revenge on the post-mask, or if the mask is not great enough, then other methods are victorious. An example of such a method is an algorithmic language that describes all possible variants of the code, which can be used to detect the infection of this type of virus. Such a pidkhіd vikoristovuyut deyakі antiviruses for detecting polymorphic-viruses.

CRC scanner. The principle of operation of CRC-scanners is based on CRC-sums (checksums) for files/system sectors present on the disk. The CRC sums are then saved in the database of the antivirus, on, off and on other information: old files, dates of the remaining modifications, etc. . Since the information about the file, recorded in the database, does not change with real values, then the CRC scanners signal about those that the file has been changed or infected with a virus.
CRC-scanners that win "anti-stealth", algorithms react practically to 100% viruses as soon as changes appear on the computer. A characteristic small amount of antiviruses is used to prevent the virus from being detected from the moment it appears and doti, the docks will not be changed on the computer. CRC scanners cannot detect a virus in new files (in email, on floppy disks, for downloaded files or for the hour of unpacking files from the archive), shards in their databases are daily information about these files.

blockers. Anti-virus blockers are resident programs that override "virus-safe" situations and warn about such cases. Before the "virus-safe" ones, there are wikis on the vodcrit for writing to files, which are saved, writing to lucrative sector disk that іn, yakі characteristic for viruses at the moment of reproduction.
Before the outbreak of blockers, it is possible to detect and block the virus at an early stage of its reproduction, which, to the point of speech, will be even worse in depressions, if the virus has been permanently activated for a long time.

Immunization. Immunizers are divided into two types: immunizers that warn about infection, and those immunizers that block infection, be it some type of virus.