Computer graphics and multimedia. Graphics and multimedia
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
Mortgage of enlightenment
"Baranovichi State University"
Faculty promotion of qualifications and retraining of personnel in the sphere of economy and education
Chair information systems and technologies
COURSE ROBOT
from discipline Informatics writing methodology
Subject:
Vikonavets:
Listener gr. 206
Specialty "Informatics"
Belik Tetyana Sergiivna
Kerivnik:
Vikladach
Golovnich Tetyana Vitaliivna
Baranovichi 2007
Entry ................................................. ................................................. 2
Chapter 1: Multimedia
1.1. Wimogi to change the course....................................................... 5
1.2. Multimedia. Warehouse: media: text, graphics, sound, animation, video. The stagnation of multimedia technologies................................................ 6
1.3. Hardware and software tools for multimedia technologies.. 9
1.4. Multimedia sound. MIDI sound and digital sound. Progravannya melodies from sound CDs for the help of universal program contributions. Recording a movie into a digital file and listening to the movie................................................... 16
1.5. Text in multimedia....................................................................... 20
1.6. Graphics in multimedia.................................................................. 21
1.7. Animation in multimedia................................................................. 25
ROZDIL 2. Victory software
for making presentations ............................................................... .......................... thirty
2.1. Software wiki
for making presentations...................................................................... 30
2.2 Stages of work on the presentation............................................... 33
2.3 Familiarity with the main elements of the program...................... 34
2.4 Choice of the way the presentation is made......................................... 38
2.5 Introduction to the text.................................................................................. 39
2.6 Adding sound............................................................................ 43
2.7 Adding graphic objects............................................... 44
2.8 Staging animation effects................................................. 47
2.9 Customizing the presentation.................................. 48
Visnovok .................................................. ......................................... 52
List of vikoristanih dzherel .............................. 56
Supplement .............................................................. ......................................... 57
Entry
In this hour, the world is planning a new stage of computerization different types activities, caused by the development of multimedia (multimedia) technologies. Graphics, animation, photo, video, sound, text in an interactive mode, the robots create an integrated information environment, in which the koristuvach gains new possibilities. The most widespread use of multimedia technologies was known in the world - from university audiences to home minds. Multimedia products are successfully promoted in various informational, demonstration and advertising purposes, the promotion of multimedia in telecommunications has stimulated the growth of new zastosuvan.
The unparalleled advantage of that particular technology and the possibility of multimedia, which are actively favored by the submitted information:
· Possibility to save a great deal of the most interesting information on one nose (up to 20 volumes of the author's text, close to 2000 and more high-quality images, up to 60 lengths of video, up to 7 years of sound);
the ability to increase (detail) on the image screen either the largest fragments, or twenty-fold increase (“magnifying glass” mode) while saving image brightness. This is especially important for the presentation of works of art and unique historical documents;
· Possibility of poring the image and processing it with various different software programs for scientifically significant or educational purposes;
· the possibility of seeing the accompanying textual image or other visual material of “hot words (areas)”, for which there is no need to take away the advanced technology, or be it another explanation of the technologist (including visual technologists) of media (information);
· Possibility of creating an uninterrupted musical or any other audio accompaniment, which reflects a static or dynamic visual range;
· Possibility of using video fragments from films, video recordings, etc., functions of "freeze-frame", frame-by-frame "switching" to video recording;
· Possibility of including databases, methods of image processing, animation and other;
· Ability to connect to the global Internet;
· Ability to work with different programs (text, graphics and sound editors, cartographic information);
· Possibility of creating high-quality "galleries" (vibrations) with information that is presented in the product;
· the possibility of “remembering the passed path” and creating “bookmarks” on the screen “side” that clicked;
· the possibility of automatic review of the entire product (“slide show”) or the creation of an animated and voiced “traveler-guide” on the product (“instructions of the koristuvach, what to say and show”); including to the warehouse the product of game components with informational warehouses;
· Possibility of “free” navigation for information and exit in the main menu, on the outside of the program in any point of the product.
It is obvious that the richness of the possibility of multimedia allows for the widest її jamming information sphere, but obviously, everything is needed Great number fakhіvtsіv, yakі volodіyut tsієyu tekhnologiєyu. Education of multimedia technologies is not yet included in the general language school course of computer science, but knowledge of multimedia is included in the profile course of computer science for high school students.
Metoyu term paperє development of methodological recommendations for teaching high school students in the technology of creating multimedia projects using the MS Power Point program.
Chapter 1
Multimedia: comprehension, warehouse, stocking
Wimogi to change the course
The training of multimedia technologies in the profile course of informatics is regulated by the educational standard "Informatics" at the branch "Presentation Technologies" at the warehouse of the "Computer Information Technologies" line.
Program of Informatics for Global Education Schools ( promotion rіven) the development of multimedia technologies was transferred for 11 years. The main meta-learning is to learn about multimedia technologies and various topics for the preparation of computer presentations. Before knowing that, the scientists present themselves in the following ways:
Learn to know:
understand "multimedia"; hardware and software tools for multimedia technologies; feasibility of the development of multimedia technologies in various areas of activity; multimedia components; Visualization of MIDI sound as digital sound, such as animation.
Learned duties include:
to create a computer presentation with selected special software tools; play melodies sound files on a computer; write down the language of speech on a computer and revise it; to beat the effects of animation and to be animated pictures for the hour of creating presentations.
Proponuetsya to look at the main topics, the age of years will come:
1. Multimedia. Warehouse: media: text, graphics, sound, animation, video. Zastosuvannya multimedia technologies. (1 year.)
2. Hardware and software tools for multimedia technologies. (2 hours)
3. Sound for multimedia. MIDI sound and digital sound. Programming melodies from sound CDs for additional universal software tools. Recording a movie into a digital file and listening to the movie. (1 year.)
4. Text in multimedia. (1 year.)
5. Graphics in multimedia. (1 year.)
6. Animation in multimedia. (2 yr.)
7. Software selection for preparation of computer presentations. (3 years old)
Multimedia. Warehouse: media: text, graphics, sound, animation, video. The stagnation of multimedia technologies
Nini near the sphere information technologies nabula wide-spread multimedia technology. Using interactive graphics, video, text, sound, animation to convey the widest possible multimedia add-ons.
The emergence of multimedia systems was prepared as a result of practice, and with the development of theory. However, a sharp turn, which, standing in the same way for the rest of the years, ensures us ahead of the development of technical and systemic benefits. Price and progress in the development of PEOM: sharply mature obsyag memory, speed code, graphic ability, characteristics old memory, reachable at the gallery of video equipment, laser discs- analog and CD-ROM, as well as their mass production. An important role was also played by the development of the swedish methods and the effective squeezing/burning of the tributes.
The development of multimedia products is given a lot of respect, especially when it comes to the creation of computer encyclopedias, electronic guides, promotional and educational programs.
What is a multimedia product? First - tse software product, which is based on an interactive, interactive, dialogic, robotic mode, which transfers the exchange of commands and commands between people and computers. In a different way, the middle one, there are different kinds of videos and audio effects.
Thus, a multimedia product is an interactive computer technology, which may include musical supremacy, videoclips, animation, picture galleries and slides, various data bases.
Multimedia is the sum of technologies that allow the computer to enter, process, save, transmit and display such types of data, such as text, graphics, animation, digitization of non-violent images, video, sound, language.
By pushing the buttons of the computer's koristuvach, you can fill the screen with text; having pressed іnsha, vіn vykliche pov'yazanu іz textual danimі vіdeоіinformаciu; when pressing on the button, a musical fragment will sound. For example, Bell Canada, which provides the services of a suspіlny, special and commercial communication for all of Canada, a vicorist multimedia tool for identifying and fixing malfunctions telephone line. Special programs vengeance of thousands of vouchers for the repair of equipment technical security and to analysts. The skin multimedia working station can look like a yard of land. In the event of a malfunction, apply beep and show up where the accident happened. Also, the system can be sent by email or fax all the necessary information of the repair team, which they see on the object. The voice support system allows you to listen to information and comments necessary for diagnostics and analysis in case of an emergency situation.
Multimedia products can be divided into kilka categories, depending on the fact that they are oriented towards groups of people. One is intended for those who have a computer at home - basic, developing programs, all encyclopedias and do-it-yourselfers, graphic programs, simple music editors, programs for children, and games too.
The second category is business programs. Here multimedia serve other purposes. With help, presentations are made, we can organize live video conferences, and voice mail is inappropriately replacing the office of the PBX.
Another non-numerical group of goods is directed exclusively to fahivtsiv. Tse zasobi production of video films, computer graphics and home music studios.
Possibility of multimedia technology is boundless. For multimedia business add-ons, it is more important to get involved in the preparation and conduct of presentations. A long time ago, programs appeared, like teaching foreign languages, teaching in an interactive form to go through a lot of lessons, learning phonetics and the alphabet to replenishing vocabulary and writing dictation. Zavdyaki vbudovaniy sistemy rozpіnavannya movi zdiisnyuєtsya control vymovi uchnya. Maboot, herself Head Feature such initial programs - їhnya hatred, even koristuvach himself will design the place, often that triviality is busy. Zavdyaki nayavnosti zvorotny zv'azku and alive the middle of the interplay of the system of education with the improvement of multimedia, may have a dazzling efficiency and significantly increase the motivation of the education.
Graphics and multimedia
CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X4 Corel Corp, www.corel.ru
Russian version of the famous graphics package. With full visibility up to today, one of the main features of CorelDRAW GS X4 is tight integration with ConseptShare online service, CorelDRAW GS X4 can capture layouts without intermediary information system site, request participants in the project and in. Well, insanely, a mass of new tools and possibilities appeared. The CorelDRAW X4 package includes a vector editor (CorelDRAW X4) and raster graphics (Photo-Paint X4), a system for converting raster images in vector Corel PowerTRACE X4, a program for creating screenshots of Corel CAPTURE X4, as well as additional utilities.
AIMP2 AIMP Team, www.aimp.ru
"WinAmp XXI century". This utility is worthy of the well-deserved fame of a hand-held player, free of the “syndrome of versatility”, if the retailers of a small utility try to convert it to an analogue of the OS, “cramming” into the program all the new new functions (what happened to the WinAmp player). AIMP2 is compact and miraculously outperforms its main task - in response to sound. It doesn't matter whether music files, CDs or radio. In the presence of riches of other players, the vigilantly vibrates the impersonal handfuls. For example, you can one-hour pratsyuvati z dekіlkom lists vіdvorennya, є rich "hot" keys, bookmarks, possibility group rename files in the collection and in.
AKVIS Noise Buster V.6.0
Program for suppression of "digital noise". Vlasne, the problem is to see whoever is stuck with digital photography. The reasons for the noise of the picture are rich, due to the lack of illumination to the lack of digital zbіlshennya. And when fighting with it, it’s better to clean up with third-party flashes so that the details are not damaged. AT new version the original algorithm advanced accuracy rozrahunku, showing the parameter "Micro-details", which determines the stage of "showing" the details, the possibility of adjusting the parameters in the improvement of the clarity between ("Contour sharpness"). The utility is released as a standalone program and looks like a module that is connected for graphic editors(sum_sny z Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, Corel Photo-Paint, Ulead PhotoImpact etc.).
All My Movies BolideSoft, www.bolidesoft.com/ukr
It's amazing how many functions you can "wind up" on a simple, in fact, utility. All My Movies is a hard cataloger of films. We have already designed this program, the list of functions of this package has expanded fundamentally. The main feature of the system is a close connection from the Internet. Most of the work for cataloging the film library is to import information about the film from the IMDb.com Internet base, and navigate from the Russian online databases videoguide.ru, film.ru, KinoPoisk.ru and RMDb.ru. The creator of All My Movies, having revealed a turbota about children, having transferred the password to the database of films, you can not be afraid of the database of non-child films. The ability to interact with the Dacal DC-300 attachment has been implemented (the CD/DVD library has been robotized).
BetterJPEG BetterJPEG Team, www.betterjpeg.com Rendering JPEG files without loss of brightness shvidky revisit files in streaming catalog
Tsikava from the technological point of view of technology. Zagalnovіdomo, scho jpeg format on the back of the hand transferring information to the input - approximately half of the brightness warehouse and three quarters of the color. Folders are repaired if the JPEG file needs to be changed. When editing a picture, the amount of information that is seen is rapidly growing, which as a result leads to a new degradation. BetterJPEG allows you to get around this problem: every hour of processing, only those fragments of the picture are recoded, as if editing is required. List of operations, without spending BetterJPEG, including the main methods of digital processing of photos: mirror image, cropping, correction of lightness and color, insertion of meta-information and text, removal of "black eyes", export-import of the image in the external graphic editor for retouching - and without retouching.
Light Alloy Softella www.light-alloy.ru
Vidomy video player. One of the most beloved Russian koristuvachs, compact and functional. Vіn sumіsny practіkії z usіma bolsheniy formats multimedia files, simple to manage, revenge rich dodatkovyh nalashtuvan. This small utility is designed to help such multimedia monsters like Windows media player or Cyberlink PowerDVD.
Movavi VideoSuite Movavi, www.movavi.com
Pushing and effective software package for video processing. Video converters and video utilities bred in the last hour non-abyak (among those without cats), but given rozrobka visually admired by the simplicity of corysty, brilliance and swedishness. More typical operations (recoding video clips for different formats, hoarding video from digital and Web-cameras, overlaying special effects, creating transitions between scenes (too) in the form of clicks and not depriving them of special knowledge. The system is combined with more wide video formats (more than 40).
RiDoc "Rіman", www.riman.ru
A handy utility for scanning documents and compressing graphic files. An idea for someone who, for the need to exchange documents, can send a counterparty, say, not a file. doc, but a picture that should be avenged on the other side. Permissibly, a copy of the payment order. It is possible, imprudently, to override the image of the file, which is easy to edit, and the axis to transfer the picture, along with the overlay of the watermark (this is the same function), solves the problem. In principle, all those things can be done by hand, but for the help of RiDoc, it’s better.
TVTons TVTons, www.tvtons.com/ru/
TV channel management system and channels streaming video on the Internet. The number of sites that promote online video today, crosses all reasonable borders, videos are taken in Merezha by petabytes, and as a whole, naturally, the need is to organize the appearance of this multimedia wealth. In the TVTons obolontsi, the possibility of maintaining a database of channels is implemented, the stench is sorted abroad and by genres. a video that deserves to be saved, bookmarked and so on.
Vikoristannya canvas (Canvas). graphic objects. Multimedia objects. Wikisource Shape, PaintBox. Mode style and color pen to graphics. Pencil style and color mode for graphics. Animation, rozvagi in C ++ Builder. Get graphic images. Painting modes. Multimedia and animation. Sound. Universal player MediaPlayer.
Operation Windows system we give retailers an additional effort to create a GDI (Graphics Device Interface) for stimulating graphic images independently, depending on the type of attachment to display, which is to win. It's a pity that GDI covers the programs of non-personal add-ons (zocrema, system resource management), as they represent a retailer of one of the main tasks - the creation of graphics.
C++Builder takes on all the additional work of GDI, spying on unproductive programming, ruining image descriptors and unsustainable memory resources. This doesn't mean that it's hard to get to the next few Windows GDI functions - you can always call them if you need to. However, encapsulating Windows graphics features with visual components is a more promising technique for creating graphics in your add-on.
We briefly familiarized ourselves with the graphic elements of the Visual Components Library. Now let's make a report on them and explore the animation program, which demonstrates the possibilities of graphic components.
1. Graphics tweak in C++Builder
C++Builder encapsulates Windows GDI functions in different levels. The most important thing here is the way, for the help of some kind of graphical components, to show their image on the monitor screen. With a direct call to the GDI function, it is necessary to transfer I will add a descriptor to the context (device context handle), what is the task of choosing you for painting - pir'ya, brushes and fonts. After the completion of the work with graphic images, I will add the context to the holiday camp and less sweat zvіlnitissya vіngo.
In order to confuse you with graphics on such a level of detail, C++Builder provides a simple and complete interface for the additional power of Canvas graphic components. Tsya power pro-іnіtsіalіzuє correct context I'll add that zvіlnit yogo at the right time, if you pin the painting. By analogy with Windows functions A GDI canvas can contain power inputs that represent the characteristics of a pen, brush, and font.
The only thing that can be done is to build a coristuvach, working with graphic components, - to determine the characteristics of vicory painting. You don't need to look after system resources when folding, choosing and scoring a weapon. Canvas itself tells about it.
One advantage that C++Builder shows when working with graphics is the use of cached memory for the graphics resources of the system. As your program re-creates, vicorist and, say, a pen of some particular kind, you have to repeat it every time, if you vicorist such a pen. C++Builder shards override the cache memory for saving graphical resources, increasing the flexibility that often overrides the cache override rather than rediscovering it all over again. Obviously, after all, it is worth remembering the efficiency of the operations of your graphic addendum, which are repeated.
Listing 1 contains two code snippets to illustrate how C++Builder makes it easier to program graphics. The first fragment is stagnant standard functions GDI in order to draw a yellow outline in OWL Windows programs. In another fragment, the same task is being played out for an additional canvas of painting.
void TMyWindow::Paint(TDC&PaintDC, bool erase, TRect & rect) (
HPEN PenHandle, OldPenHandle;
HBRUSH BrushHandle, OldBrushHandle;
PenHandle = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 255));
OldPenHandle = SelectObject(PaintDC, PenHandle);
BrushHandle = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255, 255, 0));
OldBrushHandle = SelectObject(PaintDC, BrushHandle);
Ellipse(10, 10, 50, 50);
SelectObject(OldBrushHandle);
DeleteObject(BrushHandle);
SelectObject(OldPenHandle);
DeleteObject(PenHandle);
void_fastcall TFormI::FormPaint(TObject *Sender) (
Canvas->Pen->Color = clBlue; // Choose a color for the path Canvas->Brush->Color = clYellow; // Select fill color Canvas-> Ellipse (10, 20, 50, 50); // paint elips)
Computer graphics(Also machine graphics) - the area of activity, in such a computer they are vicorated as a tool for the synthesis (creation) of an image, and for processing visual information, taken from the real world. The result of such activity is also called computer graphics.
History
The first counting machines were not small enough for the work with graphics, but they were already victorious for the processing of images. Programming the memory of the first electronic machines, inspired on the basis of a matrix of lamps, it was possible to take the light bulbs.
In 1961, the software engineer S. Russell created a project for the creation of the first computer gri from graphics. The creation of the gris (“Space wars”) took about 200 people-years. Grabula was created by the PDP-1 machine.
In 1963, Ivan Sutherland created the software and hardware complex Sketchpad, which allowed drawing points, lines and stakes on pipes with a digital pen. Basic ideas were supported with primitives: relocation, copying and other. Vlasne, tse bov first vector editor implementations on a computer. So the program can be called the first graphical interface, moreover, it was like this even before the appearance of the term itself.
In the middle of the 1960s. vinicles of rozrobki at industrial appendages of computer graphics. So, under the inspiration of T. Moffett and N. Taylor, the Itek company developed a digital electronic armchair machine. In 1964, General Motors introduced the DAC-1 computer-aided design system, partly distributed by IBM.
In 1968, a research group under N. N. Konstantinov created a computer mathematical model of the intestinal tract. The BESM-4 machine, having written the program for the development of differential lines, painted the cartoon "Kishechka", which was like a breakthrough in its time. Alphanumeric printer for visualization.
This progress of computer graphics was recognized by the appearance of the ability to store images and display them on a computer display, electronic tube.
Two-dimensional graphics (2D)
Dvovimirna (2D - English two dimensions - "two vimir") computer graphics are classified according to the type of manifestation graphic information and subsequent image processing algorithms. Change the computer graphics to a vector raster, if you want to create a fractal image type.
Vector graphics
Vector graphics represent images as a set of geometric primitives. Sound like they are vibrating points, straight lines, stakes, rectangles, and navit like a wild swing, splines in a certain order. Objects are given certain attributes, for example, the comradeship of the lines, the color of the back. Babies are taken as a set of coordinates, vectors and other numbers that characterize the set of primitives. When creating objects that overlap, their order may be significant.
The image in vector format gives room for editing. The image can be scaled, rotated, deformed without loss, as well as the imitation of trivity in vector graphics is simpler, lower in raster graphics. On the right, in the fact that the skin is not the same, the transformation actually works like this: the old image (or a fragment) is erased and the replacement of the new will be new. Mathematically, the description of the vector little one is left by itself, changing only the values of some other, for example, coefficients. When a raster image is converted with data, it is no longer possible to describe a set of pixels, which is caused by the problem of replacing a smaller number of pixels with a larger one (with a larger one), or a larger one with a smaller one (with a change). The simplest way is to replace one pixel of the decalcom with colors (the method of copying the nearest pixel: Nearest Neighbor). More perfected methods and interpolation algorithms have been used, for some new pixels the song color is taken off, the code of which is calculated from the improved color codes of the main pixels. In a similar rank, scaling in Adobe software Photoshop (bilinear and bicubic interpolation).
At once about those, not every image is possible as a collection of primitives. This way of presenting is good for schemes, which are chosen for scaling fonts, business graphics, and even widely used for creating cartoons and just clips of various kinds.
Raster graphics
Raster graphics two-dimensional array(matrix) pixels. The skin pixel is assigned a value - radiance, color, transparency - or a combination of these values. A raster image may be a small row of rows and columns.
No special expenses raster image you can change it more, if you want some details of the image to be known later, as in the case of the vector file. The larger raster images are wrapped in a “beautiful” view of the larger squares of the same color, as before they were pixels.
In a raster look, it’s possible to imagine if it’s an image, a simple way to save your own shortfall: more memory, necessary work from images, spend an hour editing.
fractal graphics
A fractal is an object surrounding the elements of some kind of decline in the power of the father's structures. Some of the more detailed descriptions of elements on a smaller scale are required for a simple algorithm, such an object can be described only with mathematical equalizations.
Fractals allow you to describe a number of classes of images, for a detailed description of which you need little memory. On the other side, the fractals are slightly fixed to the image by poses and classes.
Trivial graphics(3D)Trivial graphics (3D - English three dimensions - "three worlds") operates with objects in a trivial space. Sound the results with a flat picture, a projection. Trivial computer graphics are widely celebrated in cinema and computer games. Most visual transformations in 3D graphics are controlled by matrices (div. also: Affinity transformation in linear algebra). AT computer graphics There are three kinds of matrices:
matrix rotate
zsuvu matrix
scaling matrix.
Whether a polygon can be seen from a set of coordinates of its vertices. So, trikutnik matime 3 peaks. Skin vertex coordinates with vector (x, y, z). Multiplying a vector by a different matrix, we subtract a new vector. Having thus transformed the polygon with the usual vertices, we take away a new polygon, and having rearranged all the polygons, we take away a new object, rotations / destructions / scalings, as usual. Trivial graphic contests, such as Magick next-gen and Dominance War, are widely held. In trivi-worldly computer graphics, all objects sound like a collection of particles on top. The minimal surface is called a polygon. As a polygon, ring out to choose trikutniks.
Submission of colors on the computer
In order to transfer that color selection, computer graphics are victorious in different forms of its manifestation. In a wild way, color is a set of numbers, coordinates in a real color system.
The standard methods for choosing colors from a computer are conditioned by the power of the human eye. The most advanced RGB systems for displays and CMYK for robots in other countries.
Sometimes a system with a larger, lower three, number of components is victorious. The spectrum of fermentation is encoded, or the vibrancy of the gerel, which allows more accurately describe the physical power of the color. Such schemes are victorious in photorealistic trivial rendering.
The real side of graphics
Whether the image is on the monitor, through the yogo flat, we become raster, the screens of the monitor are the matrix, the wines are formed from the columns and rows. Trivimirna graphic art is less in our minds, because those that we see on the monitor are only a projection of trivimirnoi figures, but we create space for ourselves. In this way, graphics visualization is more than raster and vector, and the visualization method is more than a raster (collection of pixels), and depending on the number of pixels, the method of creating an image can be found.
Warehouse multimedia is coming - the whole graphic.
The image should be sent to the computer in the following basic ways:
1. Introduced through a scanner;
2. Choose from files that can be used to select a set of graphic inserts and that are supplied by specialized companies
3. They are re-created with coristuvaches for additional bags graphic programs.
After this image, you can apply further processing in different ways.
Scanners capture colors and black-and-white images from different buildings and allow you to enter information about the color. You can insert an image scanner image (or one part) into the required program, or the document will look unaltered, or be processed by graphic programs for processing, for example, for framing, or for coloring details, changing dimensions, contrast, clarity.
If you need to create an original image, you can win any of the widest programs that are meant for you. Most professional computer artists and designers, in order to achieve optimal results, rely not on one package, but on a large scale: the stink goes up to programs that are oriented to raster images, and to object-oriented programs for robots with vector graphics.
3.1. Understanding raster and vector graphics
Raster graphics (bitmap) - a way to save an image, for which an image has a matrix of elements - pixels (pixels). A pixel is a shorthand for picture element, which in translation means “image element”. Expanding a raster image can be assigned as X pixels in width and Y pixels in height.
Raster images are created by such graphic programs as Adobe Photoshop, Paint etc.
Vector images - a way to save an image, in which the image is taken from a visually geometric description of objects that make little ones. The images may also include data in the raster graphics format. Little ones of this type are created by graphic programs, such as CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator, FreeHand and in.
Raster babies
The computer can process only a few numbers, which is why little ones are presented in digital form, or, as it seems, encoded. For coding, the little ones are broken into small one-barrel parts. All colors, vikoristany in the image, are numbered, and for the skin part, write down the number of the color. Having memorized the sequence of coloring of the parts and the number of the color of the skin part, you can unambiguously describe whether it is a little baby. However, the number of colors in nature is not limited, and similar colors should be numbered with the same numbers. Fallow in a large number of colors, you can encode a larger or smaller realistic image. I realized that the less colors the little one has, the less numbers it takes to win and it is easier to encode the image.
The simplest vikorist has only black and white colors. For coding black and white little ones, two digits are enough, because in counting technique stagnate dual system number, then the coding of monochrome images does not become a great complexity.
Figures encoded in the described way are called bitmap images, bitmaps or bitmaps, after the English word bitmap – bitmap. Parts, on which images are broken, are pixels. Pixels are often called dots. Little ones with rich pixels can be compared with the mosaic. From the great number of different-colored stones, a complete picture is selected.
If the representation of a skin pixel in a black-and-white little one is to complete one bit, then the work with color is clearly insufficient. However, the hour of coding the color images remains unchanged. Be it a little baby, it breaks into pixels, then small parts, the skin of such a color can be. For example, little ones can be divided more and more into a thousand parts or pixels. So, as a baby has more than two colors, the skin part of the image will be represented in the memory of the computer not by one, but by a lot of bits. Fallow in a number of bits, used for coding a skin pixel, in an image it can be in two to tens of millions of colors.
The programs vary the number of colors. When choosing the format in which the file will be saved, it is necessary to protect the colors that are superimposed on this format by the program, in which the victorious file is transferred.
It is significant that the format of a file with a large number of colors is not obov'yazykovo ohoplyuє all colors of a file with a smaller number of colors. For example, a 24-bit color file can have a day or two of gray color.
The raster images are to be rendered widely in the enumeration technique. Photographs and little ones entered into the computer are taken from the view of raster images. More small ones in the all-world computer media Internet and raster files. Є anonymous programs, features for robots raster babies. Knowing how the image is encoded, the program for robots with graphics can be displayed on the screen of the monitor or transferred to the printer. For the help of special programs - graphic editors - you can edit the image.
The raster images may have one even smaller size: it is important to scale them up or change them to scale them. When the raster image is changed, a sprinkling of substantial points are transformed into one, which results in the separation of the finer details of the image. With an increase in the expansion of the skin point, this causes a gradual effect. In addition, raster images take up a lot of space in memory and on disk.
In order to eliminate the significance of the problems, they blamed the titles of the vector coding of the image.
Vector little ones
In the vector method of coding geometric shapes, curves and straight lines, which make little ones, are saved from the computer's memory from visual mathematical formulas of geometric abstractions, such as colo, square, ellipse and similar figures. For example, in order to encode a color, you do not need to break it on the edge of the pixels, but remember the radius of the color, coordinate the center of that color. For a straight cutter, it is enough to know the rozmіr storіn, mіsce, de vin and color zafarbuvannya. For the help of mathematical formulas, you can describe different shapes.
To draw foldable little ones, to put a sprat of simple figures. Whether the image is in vector format, it is composed of impersonal warehouse parts, so you can edit it independently. Qi parts are called objects. Shards for additional combinations of many objects can create a new object, objects can make a foldable look.
Rosemary, curvature and roughness for the skin object are taken from the numerical coefficients. Because of this, it is possible to scale the image for the help of simple mathematical operations, let's just multiply the parameters in the graphic elements by the scaling factor. With this, the quality of the image is left without change.
Victorious vector graphics, you can not worry about those who are preparing a miniature emblem or painting a two-meter banner. You practice over the little one absolutely the same in both ways. At some point, you can transform the image into some kind of expansion without any loss of vigor. An important advantage of the vector image encoding method is those that can expand graphic files in vector graphics to a smaller size, lower raster graphics files.
Prote є nedolіki roboti z vector graphics. Nasampered, deyak umovnіst obrazzhuvannyh images. Shards of all little babies are formed from curves, described by formulas, it is important to take into account the realistic image. For someone who needs a lot of elements, for that little vector graphics cannot be mastered for coding photographs. If you try to describe the photo, the size of the captured file will appear larger, lower than the size of the raster graphics file.
Most of the simple graphics programs are based on raster graphics. p align="justify"> For work with vector graphics, there are more specialized editors to work with. However, some graphic editors of raster graphics allow you to include images of vector objects. In their own way, vector graphics editors can work with raster little ones.
