A simple transformer for lamps for headphones. Lamp pіdsilyuvach for earmuffs from under heaven, or the history of acquiring to a gargantuan sound. Preparation of the block of life

To all connoisseurs of the tube sound, I blame my design of the tube sounding conductor. The bedding of German transistors served as a source of creativity, which lay in the box and were successfully packed good ten fates.

The fact that germanium itself gives the sound as close as possible to the tube one is definitely not rich. Before the advent of silicon conductors, all radio equipment was either on lamps or German transistors. For all its minuses, germanium has obvious advantages over silicon.

Nіmechchina chi silicon?

I add for proof the table of physical powers of Germany and silicon.

It can be seen from the table that the fragility of electrons and dirok, the trivality of the life of electrons, as well as the length of the free run of electrons and dirok are significantly higher in Germany, and the width of the fenced zone is lower, lower in silicon. It seems that the voltage drop on go to district to set 0.1 - 0.3 V, and on n-p - 0.6 - 0.7 V, which makes it possible to create an uncomplicated visnovka, that germanium is a richly short conductor, lower silicon, also a cascade of strengthening on p-n-p transistors can significantly less spend sound energy, lower similar to n-p-n. Blame the food: why was the release of German alcoholic beverages brought on?

Before that, according to certain criteria, Si is richer, shards can be processed at temperatures up to 150 degrees Celsius, and Ge - 85. That frequency of power is richer. Another reason is very economical. Store silicon on the planet practically without borders, at that hour, like germanium, to finish the rare element, the technology of purification is much more expensive.

Principal scheme of the pidsiluvach

At the same time, I’ve been prompted to pidsilyuvach woofer on tight P210v transistors, I’m satisfied with the sound of that. After a deaky hour, I removed the lamps and transistors. The idea is not new and well-worn. A lot of designs were found on the Internet, but from the impersonal schemes, only one scheme of a lamp plus germanium was found, and then it turned out to be incredibly tricky.

I've tried again until the life of the planned switch, taking as a basis the classic two-cycle circuit, on the basis of which all the switches appeared during the appearance of transistors and a remake circuit, a lamp plus polovy transistor. As you can see from the diagram, the lamp part with the transistor was left without changes.

Tsya scheme is promoted by rich radioamators like headphone pods for headphones. Over the years, the mother of the lamp subdued woofer for headphones and for acoustics - impulses on transistors. The scheme of a special description is not required, with the correct choice, everything starts to work right away.

For convenience, I put a button on two pairs of contacts to turn on the transistor part from the lamp, which saved the need to turn on the column from the power supply when using headphones. Ale for bazhannya you can instantly hear the ears and speakers - whoever suits you.

Adjustment and supply of transistors

Dekіlka sl_v about the fitting of the transistor part. It is necessary to set half the voltage of life when it comes out. It is installed with a substroyuvalny resistor, which is a kind of bazhano zasosuvati bugatovorotny. It is possible to find resistors in the bases of output transistors at the boundaries of 150-300 ohms. Tsya value to lie in the letter of the series of the transistor. Axis mabut i all nalashtuvannya.

With a given set of transistors and a 22V power supply, there may be close to three watts at the output. Obviously, the pressure is not great, there is enough scarlet, so that you can comfortably enjoy the sounds of the German scheme at the same time with a lamp. It is possible to switch the P217 transistors, which would give 10 watts of intensity either GT705 or GT806, replacing the other transistors with an alternate conductivity. At such a time, it would be possible to work two independent dzherels of life.

Since the transistors are of direct conductivity, then in this lamp, the circuit is working. Having thought a little, I had a chance to sacrifice the second winding to the end, having spared myself the prospect of choosing a transformer and winding one more winding, through the presence of two second-hand transformers with two secondary windings.

But still, someone wants to make it harder, then it’s permissible to put two pairs of outgoing transistors GT404. It is necessary that all transistors in the circuit have a single letter index, which in its own way can easily ease the installation of the strum calmly and at the same time, to allow for an unsafe overheating of the external transients. 22V.

I would like to point out one more thing, who might want to help the circuit by blocking silicon transistors at the exit, for example, KT805 or otherwise. I’ll immediately exchange it, so, you can zastosuvat, but you can also use everything to the sound of the German scheme and you also have a similar type of gathering. Silicon transistors in such a circuit can’t fail in such a short time, and it’s impossible to clean up a meeting without complicating the circuit. It is necessary to work the lancet on the basis of output transistors and to compose the turn signal.

Nіmechchina well maє perevagu through vіdsutnіst spootvorennі type skhodinka і іy schemі vklyuchennja. Pіdsilyuvach pratsyuє in class AB. Well, the axis is said to be more heady for the scheme.

Block of life of a pidsiluvach

Now let's move on to the block of life of our hybrid tube-transistor subwoofer for headphones and speakers. Like a transformer, you can vikoristovuvat whether it is 15-20 watts. I used to stop the TS-20, wink the sounds on the robot, I don’t remember the stars. All the windings in the new one were already going up to the tune, which significantly simplified the preparation of the live block for the ULF.

For quiet hto zabazhaє not vikoristovuvati Chastain pіdsilyuvacha for navushnikіv viklyuchivshi transistor irf630, neobhіdnіst transistor stabіlіzatora vіdpadaє, oskіlki kіntsevogo pіdsilyuvacha scheme itself is not critical to good vіdfіltrovanogo i stabіlіzovanogo dzherela zhivlennya pratsyuє i od of nayprostіshogo vipryamlyacha odnієyu єmnіstyu to 4700 microns. The background of the snake streak is silent.

The very same stabilizer circuit is necessary for the option with a polovik, but the linear circuit works in class A and lowers close to 2 amperes, then good filtration is necessary to reduce the background of the changing voltage. The voltage of the lamp is also necessary to live with the help of a dilnik on resistors, as shown in the diagram.

Zastosuvshie all vishche shown and indulge yourself in the background of the snake strum in the headphones. Є diagrams of a dzherel zhivlennya on the LM317 or on the regulation rolls on the kshtalt KR142EN8. Plus, all such schemes have lances R-C filters. The resistors get very hot. And yet I have shown that when vikoristanni vipryamlyacha on other microcircuits, due to the presence of the signal in the headphones, it is possible to get a stronger spike.

Tse shipinnya so for me and lost a mystery. For this reason, a zvichaynisinka circuit was taken on two transistors. I didn’t show the brand of stabilitrons through those who happened to get three or two pieces in such a rank that 22-27 volts came out at the output. More than the assigned value, do not varto, otherwise burn the German transistors (GTshki).

The problem of clattering at the headphones when the headphones are turned on is simply paralleled by a stabilitron and a capacity of 2200 microfarads. The secret is that when the voltage at the output of the block is turned on, the life is activated step by step, with a stretch of 20 seconds it grows to a normal worker. І another plus - switching on the capacitor in such a rank does a good job of smoothing out the pulsations at the output of the life block (BP).

Housing for lamp holder

Now a sprat about the corps. Not wise men and not wine walkers of a new bicycle, having taken the best case from a computer CD-ROM, the rest and experience of my decommissioned motorbike on the same robot. As you can see from the photographs, the transformer is located under a round part of the body (a can of peas), which in itself is a good screen.

On the radiator, external transistors are fixed through mica gaskets, smeared with thermal grease. The transistors are attached behind the help of two aluminum square bars with a dirkoy in the middle, where they are stromleny with an interference fit. How to embellish the boules of zastosovani prosharki from orgskla, hand-turned and illuminated with light ods.

At the nest of radio lamps, there were built-in tricolor light diodes, which smoothly change the color. The axis of such a design was born with a purpose, which will shine nicely and please with a good warm sound. I have chosen an impersonal design on Nіmechchinі and I can say that it doesn’t care about its shortcomings, it looks like it has a low operating frequency of less than 1 MHz and a maximum bandwidth of no more than 18 kHz in UHF, it is suitable for silicon, pіdsilyuvach don't sound germanium pіdsilyuvach.

When present required components everything is in your hands, the design is given as a motivation for creativity and for those who want to choose like this.

The abbreviation "Hi-End" adds richness. Super audiophiles about that kind of cable sound better: destruction from midi melted at the factories of the Third Reich from the Chilean midi, or with a risk for the life of intrusions from a secret missile factory (Do you think why did our protons vibrate at the start of American channels?). Taєmniche merehtinnya radio lamps, nezrozumіlі inconsecrated words and terms, which are known by the guru in tsіy galuzі. Even if someone wants to get to this sacrament, join the sect of the converted, and more from the bottom, they follow the stereotypes and prices that have been formed. A simple lampovy pіdsilyuvach cob cob can easily have 3 zeros at its price (and ce in dollars), and serious devices are flaunted by tsіnniks with chotirma or put five zeros. In the light of the rich, I felt a thought that the radio lamps would not be removed anywhere, it’s a rarity. The first myth is emerging - everything that is connected with lamp technology is more expensive and inaccessible to a simple student, an engineer manager. Let's try to decipher this myth. What is the cost of the inaccessibility of radio lamps. Dosit to go to the site of any online store, which specializes in lamps and changes, what prices for lamps are available for any kind of hamantsa and in the presence of a vibir. Until then, it’s not obov’yazkovo to bathe the lamps. The big ones are quiet, who dared to solder the lamp circuit, it’s enough to conduct a revision on the mountains of the garden house, otherwise there is an old TV set and radio in their garage. If you don’t know, ask for a revision of your friends and relatives. A pair of old televisions has enough details for folding an ugly pidsiluvach of cob-cob (the same one that costs three zeros on the price list).

Ale, to stitch up the deep mirkuvan, let's move on to the right. In order to evaluate the quality of that particularity of the so-called "tube" sound, do not necessarily choose a strained and folded podsiluvach. You can rozpochati z pіdsilyuvacha for stereo headphones. Tim is bigger, more quiet, who sits at the computer at night with headphones to listen to music or the sound accompanying his lovers.

Axis scheme, proponated for repetition.

Fig1. Scheme of a substation for stereo headphones.

It is based on the so-called SRPP cascade (Shunt Regulated Push Pull, the Russian name sounds like this - a cascade with dynamic pressures). Axis and we already began to cast magical spells :). Like a victorious lamp, the lamp of the under-mounted triode (in one glass balon, two independent ones are located, one type of one radio lamp). The lower half of the scheme is engaged in a stronger signal, and the upper half plays the role of dynamic focus. The positive features of such an inclusion are the high coefficient of strength and the low output of the cascade. The speaker copes with both low-resistance headphones with a support of 32 Ohms and with studio monitors with a support for a steady stream of 250 and more Ohms. Nalashtuvannya schemes do not become everyday problems. When the lamps are turned on (approximately 5 times), it is necessary to check the voltage at the anode of the lower lamp or the cathode of the upper one. There may be more than half the voltage of life (the anode of the upper lamp). If so, the voltage is adjusted to the norm more low by 5-10%, it is necessary to select the resistor Rk in the cathode of the lower lamp. It is recommended, for the period of installation, to put a lanyard there from a series of 100 Ohm permanent resistors and a 330-470 Ohm auxiliary resistor. After the adjustment of the power supply, it is measured by the tester to remove the opir and put a constant resistor of the closest value.

Materials and tools

Kіlka sіv about details.

Fig. 2. Details for choosing a pilot.

For picking, you need a couple of radio lamps. It is possible to vicorate lamps of the brand 6N1P, 6N2P, 6N23P. duje Garni results go out with a 6N3P lamp, but if you don’t have another base, and if you want to pick up a pidsiluvach on it, you’ll pay attention to the distribution of visnovkiv. You can speed up with a dimmed 6H6P lamp. In case of any variation, it is necessary to pay attention to the tension of the voltage transformer. Vіn is responsible for the safety of the voltage 6 with strumi not less than 2A or 12 with strumi 1A. All these lamps, for a sparkling 6N6P, start it in an old tube TV, you won’t get any problems with it.

All resistors (except one in the lantern) are charged for 0.25 W power (maybe more, but they will take more space). The denominations can be shown on the scheme. Electrolytic capacitors in lances are vicorated at a nominal voltage of 350-400 st. At the life stabilizer, I vicorated 470 microfarad capacitors at a voltage of 200, taken from the burnt computer blocks of life. Capacitors are connected in series by two pieces, parallel to the skin capacitor connection resistor with a support of 470 kOhm. The resistors vibrate the voltage drop on the capacitors and serve to discharge the capacities after the power is turned on. At the cathode of the lower lamp, a capacitor with a capacity of 1000 to 10,000 microfarads at a nominal voltage of 6-16 volts can be twisted. The brightness of this capacitor impinges on the brightness of the sound, and audiophiles would be pleased to speed up in this Lancuse with a BlackGate brand capacitor. But through a very high price (more than $ 100 apiece), we can get by with the cheapest and not less expensive. The best handy option is to take a Rubycon brand capacitor with a faulty one. maternity pay. These capacitors are used to keep the processor alive. In parallel with all electrical capacitors, it is recommended to include a small (0.1 - 1.0 μF) non-polar fusible capacitor. Z vіtchiznyanyh can produce capacitors brand K78. Adding such capacitors to improve the creation of high frequencies.

As a voltage regulator for the cob, it is practical to be a double change resistor with a support of 22-47 kOhm. Golovne before installing it, turn it over, so that when the handle is turned, the contact is not broken and the wine is not sharudiv and does not crack. The entrances and the exits of the nests are vicorous, whether they suit you. Golovne, that the stench was mixed with cables and roses on the headphones.

transformers

Now let's move on to the worst. To the transformers of life. The folding nature of the preparation of transformers for lamp technology is one more change, like the sound of the buds (and not less than the buds) of the radioamators. For living radio lamps, a high voltage is required (usually 200-300 volts) in the anode lung and low, but with large streams, the voltage for heating. In our vipad, the lamp may have a voltage of 6.3 volts. Anode voltage is applied to them 300 volts.

You can know the specialization of unification transformer for living lamp circuits of the TAN brand (anode-filament transformer). Ale stinks are expensive, and you can never know them. You can speed up with a transformer like an old radio or a TV. Such transformers are used for all parameters, except for one - for expansion. I built the transformer myself for my pilot. More precisely, having rebuilt for your needs, ready-made transformers in the form of inexpensive Chinese PSUs, like inserting them directly into the socket.

Fig3. Transformers prepared for reworking.

Please contact the nearest store that sells by-butovy technology. We will need blocks that run on the output of 12 volts, which are charged for the output stream of at least 1A. Such transformers are needed 3 pcs. One of them was lively glowing radio lamps. The filaments of both lamps are connected in series and connected to a constant voltage 12v (transformer T2 in the diagram). Two other transformers will be brought to the attention of the brothers.

The core of the transformer is made up of okremy plates - plates of type "Sh" or "E" to whom it suits more, and jumpers of type "I". After choosing, if the transformer is not buzzing, it will sound at the factory with varnish, so it’s not so easy to get the transformer apart, as it is. On the back of the head with a scalpel or with a mіtsnim clerical knife vіdokremlyuєmo and vityaguєmo “I” of the plate.

Fig 4. Transformer selection.

Let's use pliers to pull the last W plate out of the frame. Through those that the core is flooded with varnish, it may not appear with such a simple right, you can get drunk. Even so, all attempts to make the scarf did not succeed, even though the core needs to be heated to a temperature of 90-100 C*. For whom you can speed up with an electric stove or with a brush. Carefully, do not overheat, otherwise the plastic will melt more often, because the frame of the coil and the transformer will be destroyed. Sometimes you can drop a drop of water on the core, and as soon as it boils, it’s warming up. They gave us some mittens, so that the operation would not be carried out. When heated, the lacquer, like a flood of plates, softens and sorts out in a warehouse of special difficulties. Zreshtoy can go something like this.

Fig5. Razіbrany transformer.

Like Bachimo, the windings of the transformer are wound on two absolutely identical coils. The primary winding is wound on one thin dart. On the other, tovstishy - secondary. We take two high-voltage primary windings from two different transformers, install them at the frame and select the transformer again. Viide transformer with a transmission ratio of 1:1 and a voltage of 220V with a changeable stream at the output. If the voltage is rectified, the viide is approximately 300 volts fast strumu what we need. The transformer is switched on, a 15 W electric light bulb is connected to the output for rechecking. Checking the goodness of the transformer. For obvious buzzing, you need to try adding more plates to the core (reserve for another selected one). Since the plates are no longer licking (everything is clogged), then the core needs to seep with a rare varnish and dry well. The good vibes will disappear. Zamіst seepage with varnish can be a transformer, which is good, welded in melted paraffin. At the vіdpovіdnіy for rozmіrom kastrultsі (canning jars) paraffin is melted. After that, as the wine melts and becomes rare, they zanyuyut the transformer and vitrimuyut 10-20 strands of melted paraffin, so that all the cracks leaked out. After that, the transformer should be melted, put on a piece of cardboard and let it cool. Converted in this way, transformers do not make noise.

In addition, as all the details are selected and checked for correctness, you can proceed without delay until the selection of the pidsiluvach.

Storage

Structurally, the substation can be placed in a flexible box, in which transformers, capacitors and lamp panels can be placed. Dobre pіdіyde corpus vіd of the wrong computer PSU. Shards in the power supply for life vikoristovuetsya high voltage, especially respect for the need to turn on the quality of the insulation of the wires and the reliability of the soldering and soldering of all the elements of the circuit. As before, the mother had not had a chance to high tension, do not hesitate to know and read the safety rules for the operation and repair of electrical installations with a voltage of up to 1000 volts. The electricians of negligent installation do not forgive themselves.

Long time ago I uploaded a photo to a modding project created by the modder Arsgera under the name "Sings".

In this computer case, there is a wooden screen with the profile of A.S. The idea was good enough for me, but I wanted to make a candlestick not just as a decorative element. The first axis, if I have obmirkovuvav as a call to issue a possible pіdsilyuvach, I have guessed about this idea.
I started looking around for souvenir and antique shops and as a result I added a couple of candlesticks and a small wooden screen in the wine set. The axis is so imovirno little to come.

Fig 6. First reconciliation.

I made the insides of the box and built metal wires on them, on which I placed transformers and electric capacitors. In the same place, a block with clamps was placed, on which all other details will be soldered. As a basis, a vipilyan steel plate from the indirect sidewall of the computer case served.

Fig. 7 Shasi pіdsilyuvacha.

At the back wall of the box, it was necessary to drill an opening for installing a rose-wire connection, a lace wire and roses for headphones and a signal cable. Here on me the check was great non-acceptance. If I drilled the box, the drill twisted and twisted and the box cracked. A beautiful red piano lacquer, like a bula covered the screen in a few places, bulging and looking like the letters of the zips, as I thought there was enough.

Fig8. Open at the back wall for the nest.

I'm going around the shops again looking for a similar screen, but I don't know anything similar. I had a chance to seal up the crack, sand it, putty the chipped spots and glue the screen with a screed to self-adhesive, like a “red tree”. Let's lacquer and polish again. Looking at the screen, becoming more simple, ale, as I think, not much worse, especially as it marvels from afar. Otak now looks like a screen. On top of it lie a plank with roses, open it, for example, I didn’t grow up so far.

Fig9. Plank with roses and updated screen.

For a long time I did not know if I needed a handle for the volume regulator. Zreshtoy rummaged through the screens with bijouterie from the squad and knew a pretty pendant with rhinestones. The druzhina її me_ vіddala, ale z umovoi, scho until the next day of the people will take away the replacement of the lancet and the pіdvіska from the right gold. Well, mystotecstvo and women help victims, financial accepts.

Fig10. Preparing the thickness regulator.

I've turned up required expansion the original plastic knob for the thickness regulator and glued into the middle of the suspension. Wiishov is such a glamorous regulator.

Fig.11. The handle of the regulator of accuracy.

At the store that sells furniture fittings, adding some chrome-plated metal door handles. The stench will be attached at the bottom like a foot for added durability of the whole structure.

Fig.12 Future legs.

The axis now looks like a screen at the collection.

Fig13. The corps of the pilot is ready.

Now the hour has come to take care of the candle-makers themselves. The candlestick is made up of a number of empty parts, which are folded together with an M5 threaded stud. Learn yoga not to become everyday difficulties. You can clearly see that the river is not old-fashioned, but a modern, Chinese newborn. The details are made of aluminum, covered with a thin ball of sribl for the beast. Aje was koshtuvali so, nibi stench povnistyu vіdlitі z noble metal.

Fig.14. opening a candlestick.

A lamp socket will be installed at the top of the candlestick. Down at the bottom of the bundle is a bundle of 8 wires. Therefore, for darts, it is necessary to drill a hole of a large diameter.

Figure 15. Preparation before inserting the lampholder.

In the course of the work, it was not easy to feed, as if to creak again all the elements of the candlestick. If you win a threaded hairpin, then you won’t be left with a place for darts. Glue is trimmed on polished metal surfaces badly. Soldering parts between yourself - you will see the following rations and it’s harmful to appear on old-fashioned. I vyrishiv zrobity krіlennya the same, like vin and bu v pochatku, only vikoristovuvaty for the thin 1.5 mm steel dart stud. You can see how it looks in the photograph.

Fig 16. New fastening pin.

Through an opening with a diameter of 6 mm, as I was drilled at the upper part of the candlestick, it was easy to stretch out the fastening pin and signal darts. Like a dart, I beat the pieces of the standard twists of the bet. The stench is good for you, that the skin can carry out your own color and help you get pardons for the installation of the pidsiluvach.

Before installation, the lamp panels had to be added a little more, so that the stench got into the upper part of the candlestick.

Figure 17. Box of lamp panels.

The axis is such a viyshov candlestick in Hi-End style.

Fig 18. Ready candle.

Before the residual folding, it was necessary to reconsider the practicality, the quality of the sound, to adjust the modes of the robotic radio lamps. The axis looked like everything on the test table.

Fig 19

Chassis with transformers fit into the middle of the screen. At the krishtsi of the screen, open 3 (two for fixing the candles and open the thickness regulator. All the rods are soldered on the plate according to the scheme).

Fig. 20

Phew! Ready! You can pour yourself a cup of caviar, get a disc with your favorite records and start hearing what went well in your bag and chi koshtuvala out of all the work, stained for cooking.

Fig.21. Everything is ready to listen to the music.

Final. Evaluation of work

For reverification of the quality of the sound, I was dressed with three types of headphones.

Beyerdynamic DT 231 32 ohm mount, Koss PortaPro 64 ohm mount and Beyerdynamic DT 770 Pro studio monitor headphones 250 ohm mount. The sound card of Creative Audigy ZS sounded like a sound, like a noise (directly robbed from audio CDs) sound files. What can be said. All earphones sound better through subslyuvach, if you plug them in without interruption sound payment. The detail and transparency of the sound, especially on the high ones, pleased my ears. Low-resistance headphones DT231 on a high level signal began to see curvature at low frequencies. For such earphones, it is necessary to turn on the darker lamps in the power supply or connect them through narrow transformer. The sound of the high-resistance studio DT770s was overwhelmed with unforgetable anger. In the next hour I'll spit on a hell of a computer upgrade and replace a new video card and buy my own headphones.

I didn’t blow antrohi, about stained glass for an hour that cost. I recommend everyone to try it for yourself. Don't mess around. With respect Tank.

Comments before article:

І chi is possible in to this particular type to get by with two transformers and from the dermal power he lit up his lamps?
I want to get a 6N6P lamp (a lot of positive feedback)

Bagatioh radioamatoriv, ​​yakі bazhayut reach tube sound, increase the visibility of the design output transformer. The quality of this element is rich in what it means to show the quality of the sound of the whole sublime. Ready trades are too expensive, but don’t start it, it’s possible to choose a transformer for a specific one lamp or robotic mode. And cook yakіsny output transformer at home minds, not a skin radioamator under power.

To that, practically at once with the appearance of a lamp, the radio engineers started looking for ways to turn off the circuit of the outgoing transformer. To reduce the output support of the power supply, cathode repeaters, and parallel switching on of several lamps, bridges and two-cycle circuits were used. This topology took away the name OTL(Without output transformer).

Similar OTL devices were released on an industrial scale, but, unfortunately, only a few of them sounded every day. That is why the interest in such schemes will fade away for the rest of the hour.

However, remembering those who opir(audiophilic) headphones are most often in the range of 32-600 ohms, but in pairs with a support acoustic systems at 4-8 ohm, go out at a kіlka once, or even a hundred times more, radioamators do not deprive you of trying to implement OTL-topology in low-power earplugs for headphones. Variations on the theme of SRPP-cascades and parallel switching on of lamps are most commonly heard. But there are other options.

One of the options was by proponing Morgan Jones in the not too distant 90s. I based my scheme of wines on the EarMax power supply scheme, which was launched by one company and cost about $ 1000.

Having changed the ratings of that type of victorious lamps (in the original, there was a 6N1P lamp), Jones increased the navantage capacity of the power supply and ensured the operation of the circuit for 32-ohm headphones. The scheme of the pidsiluvach is represented by the little one:

Increase per click

The input cascade is remarkable - with resistive inputs. Strum calm to become 3mA. Like R5, you can twist two resistors with a nominal value of 1.5 kOhm connected in parallel. Output cascade for lowering the output support of the support without the use of a negative negative zvorotny zv'azku promptings for the scheme push-pull cathode repeater White. Yogo strum calmly turns 10mA, at your own yoga opir it becomes less than 10 ohms. The global coefficient of the strength of the entire librarian becomes 22.

As shown by the vimiri, the pidsiluvach miraculously copes with headphones with a support of 300 ohms. If so, that the lower opir is motivated, then the shortest range of harmonics will come out at the output of the subsidyuvach.

For the input in 32 ohm subsiluvach at high pressures (and a maximum of 32 mW), the maw imbalance of the positive and negative napivkhvil signal.

Two enthusiasts, John Broski and Alex Cavalli, took up such a marvelous behavior of the pilot with low-resistance voltage (even if the last one of the pilot was low). As a result of their research, the ratings of the resistors (and as a result of the lamp operation modes) of the output stage were changed. This made it possible to optimize the spread of the struma between the shoulders of the exit cascade:

Increase per click

As a result, it was possible to change the values ​​of the current resistors by 6 times, and to increase the asymmetry of the signal with a low-resistance input. So the “tail” of the harmonics itself was shortened (up to the 4th, against the 7th in the outer version) and expanded Frequency range in the LF region.

Ale has to pay for everything. Through the introduction of a change, the gale coefficient of strength has changed to 19, and the output of the power supply has changed to 53 ohms. Prote pіdsilyuvach gіdno ran into earphones with a support of 32 ohms.

For those who are not afraid zagalnogo negative zvorotnoy svyazku, Alex Cavalli propagating a variant of the scheme:

Increase per click

Here the resistors R3 and R10 form a lancet of the global OOS. The depth was taken as a compromise: from one side - reduce the output of the loudspeaker less than 32 ohms (from the assigned ratings, enter 20 ohms), from the other side - a more powerful sound can be played, so that the signal can be pumped out of the output of the sound CD-player. Alex for the sake of experimenting with the nominal value of these resistors, to choose the optimal sound for specific headphones.

Not everyone loves a lamp 6N23P, so there were enthusiasts who added a new version of the EarMax substation based on lamps 6N1P:

Increase per click

Here, too, the nominal values ​​of the resistors are changed to increase the capacity of the power supply of the power supply, moreover, to optimize the modes, it is necessary to increase the power of the power supply.

When repeating this option, I give your respect to those that the 6N1P lamp, according to the lancet roasting, slows down the strum may be twice as large, lower 6N23P. Tse sled vrahuvati when choosing a transformer and preparing a live block. Vrahovyuchi, that the internal opir lamp 6N1P (11 kOhm) is significantly higher than the internal opir lamp 6N23P (close to 2.5 kOhm), the remaining option is recommended to be switched with headphones with a support of 100 Ohm.

Due to its simplicity, all other constructions are easily assembled by overhead mounting without using other boards.

The only capacitor for the expensive signal is C4. Here the next step is to turn the capacitor to the maximum audiophile quality available to you! Do not heat up the capacitors with a working voltage lower than those indicated on the diagram, so that the voltage on them can reach before the lamps are completely warmed up life voltage pіdsilyuvacha.

The scheme of the block of life is not to be induced, the shards here, be it a radioamator, can turn around in the whole world of high-quality audiophile soundness. In the original, the pidsiluvach was powered by a splendid bridge vipryamlyach C-L-C filter. There were no annual lances transferred from the anode voltage supply shutdown until the lamps warmed up. In the new models of the pilot lamp, to reduce the level of the background, the voltage of the lamps was introduced with a constant voltage.

With repeated construction, it is possible to realize the life of a pilot kenotron straightener, to automatically protect the cathode of the lamps, otherwise, vrakhovuyuchi a small strum parametric stabilizer.

When listening to the sound of the original (under-produced) version, everything sounded clean and even without the tube softness, with clear manipulations of the high-frequency region and the bare “bottoms”, sounding not to the powerful tube basses. Irrespective of the fact, it would have been a little tightness, the riven of thickness was more lower than sufficient, and at times outweighed the reasonable borders.

Vrakhovuyuchi availability of parts and the simplicity of design, folded tsgogo pіdsilyuvacha can become irresistible employment for a frosty winter evening, a chance to get to the tube sound that in a simple way raise the sound of your headphones to your next call.

Choosing and adjusting the circuit, remember that in lamp structures the presence of a high voltage is not safe for life! Be respectful and protective. Follow the rules of safety technology for an hour of work with high voltage. Do not forget to charge the capacitors before carrying out the work of the middle of the power supply.

Away with creativity!

Editor-in-Chief of Radio Gazeti.

In self-contained retro designs, it is rarely possible to use a transformerless two-stroke switch with a phase inverter and with the last switched on lamps, even the same wine, in the words of L. Kononovich, more thoroughly for the record in radio receivers and radios of the highest class (Radio magazine No. 6; stat. 195 Pidsilyuvachi LF without output transformer"). Ale, I stumbled with the scheme of three years later, on the cob of the 70s, being a schoolboy, to pick up this sublime. To the point of speech, in a bad way, I worked at the warehouse of the radio receiver, but with a transformer at the exit. Yak has been dead for a long time. The high-pitched sound was the title of the article in the brochure dedicated to the high-pitched sound. Ale at once, as I understand, no one can sing like a sound, a smut was loud. From and to be brought to a lesser zatikat vukha, vіdvіduyuchi theaters and concert halls.

Scheme of the 70s.

If I'm testing a lamp power supply with a purchased output transformer, I'm looking forward to a strong blockage frequency response(Up to - 10 dB) in the region of low frequencies (20 - 100 Hz). At the test, the frequency response is greater - the greater depth of the negative salutary link and I note that the sound is becoming wavy (the dynamics of the sound is ruined, the clarity), if you want to adjust it, it seems that everything is good. I am starting to increase the number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer, or I turn on the two primary windings of the transformers in sequence, to increase the strength on low frequencies, Aletion also tops the frequency indicators of the increase in the inductance of the rose. Before everything else needs to be added and non-linear creation, to that in the stream, which flows through the winding, the magnetic penetration of the core changes. I’ll think for a while about the phases of the creation, which I don’t remember by ear.

Trying to induce a high-yield sounding speaker for a speaker without a power transformer has not yet been successful for me, because everything is stuck in an acoustic unit, which is the biggest sound of the world for the sound quality, but the power sounder itself. My servant has a garland of low-resistance sequentially switched on guchnomovtsiv in an acoustic box, it’s better for a sublime, better for everything, it doesn’t sound. Navit in youth, Kononovich's scheme worked for me with a winding transformer, so the bula was insured for a shortage at that time of the Guchnomovts 5GD16 with a support close to 400 ohms. And try to increase the number of radio lamps, in order to secure the robot at a low-resistance voltage, transforming the design of the pilot into an electric one.

Natom_st was crowned with success in the life of a high-power stereophonic transformerless speaker for headphones. I have chosen a pilot lamp on combined triodes for changing the number of lamps.

High-yield lamp podsiluvach for headphones.

Now that's how I named the bi qiu scheme.

Photo 3. Layout of the seat.

The scheme has a little one, the first lamp is used in the subsump mode. The other half of the suspended triode is a phase inverter. From the cathode and the anode of the lamp, two signals of the same amplitude are emitted, and then one is sent one by 180 degrees. The coefficient of strength of the second cascade is less than 1. At the output, the last cascade is two-stroke. A constant voltage is applied to the skin lamp. For the scheme, the 6N3P lamp, with a low anode voltage (100 volts), is suitable. Lantsyuzhok RC - negative return link. With a change in the nominal value of the resistor, the depth of the turning link is increased, which changes the non-linear effect of the cascade, which changes the coefficient of strength at once. So, if the resistor at the loop of the turning link is 10 kOhm, then the output opir to the cascade is 33 Ohm. If R oos \u003d 18 kOhm, then R twist \u003d 40 Ohm.

Tim is not less, as a variant, you can change the output opir of the pilot, not greatly increasing the depth of the negative serpentine sound, parallel to the switching on of the lamps at the output cascade.

I tried and turned on the lamps in the final cascade, changing the circuit somehow. Most noteworthy are two parallel inclusions. When three lamps are connected in parallel, the effect on the lowered support is negligible. To that, vibudovuvat lansy of lamps, so that I won’t be able to get help. To the right for a choice of three options.

Due to the great amount of information and photographs, the article will be divided into two parts. In the first part, you will find out short information, which will help you to orient you to the future work, in the other part, I will describe, and also share my opinions after listening to it.

Scheme
As a basis, the classical transformerless SRPP circuit was taken with a variety of 6n6p radio lamps, the author of which is Oleg Ivanov. The scheme was changed by me trohi and reworked. Depending on the choice of the method of vibrating the anode voltage, it is possible to put the vibrating on the kenotron or vikoristovuvat one place.

Viber on the speed of vikoristannya at vipryamlyachі diode bridge or kenotron on the right skin. On the diodes, there is a minimal drop in the anode voltage, there is no such pressure on the transformer, and the winding is also not needed. For more schemes tube ULF Diode cycle 1N4007.

The kenotron rectification of the voltage is the classic method for lamp technology, richly wielding its own power through the aesthetical dimming and working of the power over the conductor diodes.

Advantages of the kenotron live scheme:
- Smooth supply of the anode voltage, which allows to continue the term of service of the radio lamps of the pidsiluvach (indirectly heated kenotron);
- Practically equal visibility of the open and inverted strum;
- Substitution of the strum at the moment of switching on for a smooth heating of the cathode and supplying voltage to the LC-filter of the anode feeder;
- Change in the magnitude of the impulses in the jet to recharge the capacitors in the filter.

Up to a few kenotron eating can be seen:
- High internal support, through which the anode voltage is passed through;
- The resource of the robotic kenotron has been reduced;
— For the life of the kenotron, an additional ignition winding is required and the appearance of the midpoint of the anode winding power transformer;
- In case of incorrect selection of filter elements, the kenotron can get out of tune through the strum thrower.

To use the pulsation of the anode voltage, the vicorist choke with an inductance is close to 5H (for a ground approach, the inductance is reversed with pulsations of the BP ULF). In this scheme, there is a choke D31-5-0.14.

Layout
To re-verify the practicality of the scheme, a layout is prepared. Under the hour of work with the layout, you can repeatedly add and change the distribution of radio components, change the layout, supplement the circuit, so you can change the power itself, so you can blame the hour of life of the lamp switch. The layout is easy to prepare. The layout of the circuit can be done with suspended mounting “on wires” or with vicorist mounting stands. The plywood base for the layout is simple in mechanical processing, it is good to drill open and pliable to file. Golovne when rozpayuvannya scheme zrobiti good earthman (minus) tire.
Mounting on the mock-up is subject to the final mounting on the chassis. When folding the finished lamp base, it is not permissible to use long-term dross and re-stuffing of unattached elements of the circuit on the chassis.

Chasі and elements of the body of the lamp pod
Shasі obov'yazkovo maє buti zalіzne, so from tsgogo material vygotovlyayut zahisnі casings for transformers. Zalіzo є ferromagnetic material, yogo vikoristannya on the shore in different directions and allow the possibility of their appearance.
Chassis can be independently cut from sheet metal, for example, from a roofing bay, vicorist old building view system unit computer, or pick up a metal box for the dimensions. Don’t forget about the ventilation sleeves (boxes) too.

Zahisnі casings for transformers are made according to the analogy with the step, otherwise vicory solutions are ready (different metal boxes, flasks-jars made of stainless steel). In wintery casings, open the ventilation openings for a warm air.

At the design stage, we next thought about the concept of a bold look of the finished product. Lakofarbove coating can be applied on the chassis before it is screwed on before the new one. As there will be different decorative overlays, think over the back and open for their installation.

Radio components

To avoid getting out of tune, overheating and seeing into the power transformer, it is selected from the margin for tension. Electrolytic capacitors at the filter of the lantern of the anode life are also taken from a 20% margin for the voltage. To change the temperature and the right atmospheric factors, we choose radian resistors with a small margin for tension. Input-output signal sockets, capacitor housings may be isolated from the chassis. The shunt capacitors are vibrated more importantly by the flow.

Before installation, pick up the radio components with a track and check with a multimeter close to the face value of the circuit. It is also bad to overturn the power transformer. Often, transformers for saving a mid-range winding were not wound up in factories, which led to a great streak of idling of the primary winding, and with its blackness it is indicated on the transformer boom.

Tools for robots
For manual robot at the hour of the life of the lamp pіdsilyuvacha, the mustache of the slusarnі іnstrumenti will go. Dielectric handles of the tool are of the same type without additional insulation. A lot of things, like maybe not all, have to be supplemented with a file and a file.

In order to drill open in the metal frame, vikoristovuyut stupіnchaste drill cone-shaped. Also, for the preparation of a great opening for a lamp socket, it can be done in a number of ways. For example, with a pair of compasses, cross the collar of the required diameter and drill the opening along the line, then with a file, the bridges between the openings are sewn off. An ideal way for drilling and drilling of a drilling verst, but more lamp-workers get by with a great drill or a screwdriver.

For soldering circuits, a soldering iron is used for soldering iron darts and darts, radio components are soldered with a soldering iron of less tension, so as not to overheat them. To remove the insulation of wires and lacquer insulation on the dart, use a clerical lower or scalpel (when cleaning, do not grind off the very medny drit). A good pair of tweezers will make it easier for the robot during installation and can also be used as a heat source.

The caliper will help you with the exact designation of the details, as well as the diameter of the opening for them. To mark, open the vicorist line and compasses. Mayuchi at your radioamator's arsenal of a micrometer, You can easily determine the diameter of the dart.

Roztashuvannya radio components on the chassis
Power transformer rozm_shchuєmo zvech shasi - tse save vihіdnі lantsyugi vіd vіd vіdav, scho like vіd transformer. Radio lamps, sockets for the input-output of the audio signal to roar near the power transformer. Nests, on which an audio signal is applied, as well as a change in the resistor of the loudness regulator, maybe close to one, more importantly, on the front panel, closer to the outer lamps.
The radio panels are more often placed on the chassis, so that they do not allow tripover installation of radio elements. Pomіrniy vіlniy prosіr at the pіdvalі pіdsilyuvacha let's make a quick correction to the scheme and make it easier to access the radio elements during repairs.

Soldering schemes
Mayzhe in all lamp structures zastosovuetsya overhead installation. With this method, the number of wires will be reduced to a minimum, all the connections of radio components will be canceled with wet whiskers. On the pads of the lamp sockets, parts of the circuit are soldered.

The grounding of the circuit on the case is less likely to be broken at one point, the point is chosen experimentally, given the power transformer. The minus bus is grounded with the same middle ground and grounded at the same grounding point that was chosen for grounding.

Before that, how to solder dry, carefully look at the integrity of your insulation. It is not recommended to tighten the anode wire (anodic lances) and the wires that are to be controlled, in a jguti, lay them in parallel, or close one to one.

Spend along the perimeter of the strum duct lived due to the spontaneity of the tightness of the struma of the heating of the anode of the lamps. For example, if you have a lamp for passport data keeping a strum incandescent 600mA, then the diameter of the filament must be chosen to the maximum permissible value of the strum. For a 600mA struma, the table of permissible values ​​for a rod is a diameter, a rod is a matime with a diameter of 0.56mm. For a number of lamps, you should add a glowing stream and, if necessary, select the necessary wire for the necessary overcut. In the same way, determine the permissible value of the struma, as it is possible to vitrimat the winding of the power transformer or the inductor.

For the use of the background, that dodatkovy put the incandescent darts twisted (two gostrі darts on the dovzhin are twisted between themselves on the “pussy” kshtalt). The background of that guidance is usuvayutsya to the fact that the change in the warehouse strum and induce flow through the conductors of the voltage at the opposite phase lines and, obviously, mutually compensate.

Also, for the background winding, ground the winding through a piece middle point behind an additional two resistors of the same nominal value. Resistors of the order of 100 Ohm-200 Ohm are soldered at once from a hot wire to a lamp socket. Some ends of the resistors are wired together, other wires are soldered to one or the other, the lamp socket is roasted. Krapka, in which resistors are connected, is grounded to the minus bus. As a transformer, the filament winding can have a middle winding and voltage on the upper half of the main voltage, and it can be grounded without any other resistors (the same middle point).

Incandescent darts can be fired in parallel from the socket to the socket, and not lead to the skin darts. For the convenience of soldering the bulk circuits, first solder them to the lamp sockets, and turn the sockets themselves to the other side, so as to ensure the most efficient installation of radio elements. The anode rods from the rest of the electric power to the block of life are laid out with a "plug" to the lamp panel.

Dekіlka s_v about headphones
In the circuit, there were vikoristan high-ohmic Ugric headphones FDS-26-600 with a 600 Ohm skin speaker coil support. Headphones with a lower support were not tested for this substation, it is possible to install an external audio transformer (TVZ) to achieve the best sound. Sound TVZ rewind under the support of the bias, at the time of the bias - headphones, whose support is ideal for this scheme.

On the Internet, on one of the forums dedicated to lamp topics, I stumbled upon a table with data on the experiment on the scheme of the pilot (be kind, write in the comments, whose experiment is on which forum, so you can indicate the author in the article). As I understand, the author is not a TVZ victorist.

Added: Reviewing the site Andriy, assigning the author to the experiment. Parameters of radio lamps known Ignatenko Yuriy Vasilovich