Addresses of the all-worldly spider. Internet information resources. All-world web. What is the All-World's Pavement

Golovna / Nalashtuvannya

The global network of the Internet acquires its own information resources and services, which regularly correspond to close to a billion people in all lands of the world.

The furry development of the Internet, which is the rest of 15 years, is ahead of the minds of the emergence of the All-World's Spider. " All-world web- a proper translation of the English word "World Wide Web", which is often referred to as WWW or Web.

Technology of the All-World's Spider. The all-worldly web of victorious technology of hypertext, in which documents are connected with oneself for help hyperposilan.

In the yakost vkazivnikiv posilan on the Web-sides, fragments of the text can be featured, which are seen in color and under the armchairs, as well as graphic images, which are seen by the frame. Activation on the exit Web-side of the indicator of the request (for example, by clicking on the mouse) calls for a transition to the required Web-side (small 6.10).

All-world web- there are hundreds of millions of Web servers on the Internet, which avenge hundreds of billions of Web sites, which win hypertext technology.

Web-side can be multimedia, so you can use various multimedia objects: graphic images, animation, sound and video.

Web-side can be interactive, so that you can fill in the fields that are required when registering for free e-mail, when shopping in online stores, etc.

Thematically related to the Web-sides, you can see the representations of the form website, That is, a whole system of documents, tied together in one whole for help.

Web site addresses. In the given hour on the Web servers of the Internet, a great number of Web-sides are saved. You can find a web site on the Internet by using the web site address.

Web site addressesenable the method of access to the document and the name of the Internet server on which the document is located.

As a way to access Web-sides, the HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) hypertext transfer protocol has been established. When writing the protocol after your name, there is a two-fold and two dead rice: http: //

As an example, we write down the address of the title page of the Web site "Informatics and Information Technologies". The account has been sorted out on the iit.metodist.ru server, and the addresses look like:

http://iit.methodist.ru

WWW-information web: naming system on the Internet, domain name and IP addresses.

All-world web(Engl. world wide web) - a system has been deployed that gives access to documents connected to each other, processed on different computers, connected to the Internet. For the recognition of the All-World's Pawutini, the word web(Engl. web"pavutinnya") that abbreviation www.

The all-world web is approved by hundreds of millions of web servers. Most of the resources of the All-World's Web are based on the technology of hypertext. Hypertext documents hosted by the All-World Merazh are called web pages. A dekilka of web pages, united by a common theme, design, and also connected with each other by forces and sounding on the same web server, is called a website. For the purpose of reviewing web pages, special programs are used - browsers (eng. browser).

The all-light cobweb called out the right revolution in information technologies that vibuh at the development of the Internet. Everyday people, speaking about the Internet, often think about the All-World's own web. However, it is important to understand that they are not the same.

All-world webs are approved by millions of web servers in the Internet, spread around the whole world. Web server - ce computer program that runs on a connected computer and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data. In the simplest way, such a program removes the HTTP request to the resource, finds the source file on the local hard disk and manages it on the computer. Larger foldable web servers built to allow for HTTP request to dynamically generate documents for additional templates and scenarios.

To review the information taken from the web server, client computer stagnate special program- Web browser. The main function of a web browser is displaying hypertext. The omnipotent cobweb is inextricably tied to the concepts of the hypertext and that hyperspace. Most information on the Internet is hypertext itself.

For the creation, the selection of the hypertext in the All-World's web, it is traditionally victorious mov html(Engl. Hyper Text Markup Language"Mova razmіtki hypertext"). The work of creating (rendering) hypertext documents is called layout, it becomes a webmaster, or we call it a layout designer - a layout designer. After HTML-outlining the document, which is displayed, is saved to a file, and so HTML-files are the main type of resource in the World Wide Web. Once the HTML file becomes available to the web server, it can be called a web page. Dial web pages make up a website.

Hypertext of web pages Hyper-power to help coristuvaches of the All-World's Web to easily move between resources (files) regardless of whether there are resources on local computer or on a distant server. In order to determine the location of the resources, the All-World Meri has chosen the same URL resource locators (eng. Uniform Resource Locator). For example, again URL head side The Russian section of Wikipedia looks like this: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headline_page. Similar URL locators use your own URI identification technology (eng. Uniform Resource Identifier"single-similar resource identifier") and the DNS domain name system (eng. Domain Name System). Domain name (y to this particular type ru.wikipedia.org) at the warehouse URL means a computer (more precisely - one of the third-party interfaces), which iconizes the code of the required web server. streaming side URL address row browsers, wanting a lot of current browsers to show only the domain name of the streaming site for promotions.

All-Sveta Pavutinnya (short world wide web or WWW) - the unity of information resources, which are connected with each other by means of telecommunications and based on hypertext data, spread all over the world.

The Rock of the People of the All-World's Pavutini is vvazhetsya 1989 r_k. To the very fate of Tim Berners-Lee, having propagated a joint hypertext project, which has taken away the name of the All-World's Spider.

Творець «павутини» Тім Бернес-Лі, працюючи в лабораторії фізики елементарних частинок європейського центру ядерних досліджень «CERN» У Женеві (Швейцарія), спільно з партнером Робертом Кайо займалися проблемами застосування ідей гіпертексту для побудови інформаційного середовища, яке спростило б обмін інформацією між фізиками .

As a sub-bag of the robot, becoming a document, for whom it was clear, to have an important meaning for "pavutini" in the modern world, and the URI identifier, the HTTP protocol and the language of HTML were proponated. Without these technologies, it is no longer possible to reveal current internet.

Berners-Lee created the world's first web server and the world's first hypertext web browser. On the first page of the world of the website of wines, having described what is the All-World web, how to install a web server, how to hack the browser too. This site was the first Internet catalog in the world.

Beginning in 1994, the fate of the most global leader in the development of the All-World's Web was taken over by the Consortium of the All-World's Web. World Wide Web Consortium, W3C), which organizer and dossi ocholuє Kim Bernes-Li. The consortium develops and promotes technological standards for the Internet and the World Wide Web. Mіsіya WZS: "I will re-discover the potential of the All-World's Pavement by means of the creation of protocols and principles that guarantee the long-term development of Merezhya" . W3C distributes "Recommendations" in order to achieve consistency between software products and equipment of various companies, in order to build the All-World's borders more thoroughly, universally and handily.

Poshukovі systems: warehouse, functions, principles of work.

Poshukov system - all the software and hardware complex, assignments for searching in the Internet and responding to the request of the koristuvach, which is set at the sight of the text phrase (possible request), to see the list of messages sent to the dzherela of information, in the order of relevance (depending on the request). The largest international search systems: Google, "Yahoo", "MSN". For the Russian Internet - "Yandex", Rambler, "Aport".

Describe main characteristics of sonic systems :

Povnota

The frequency is one of the main characteristics of the per-shook system, which allows the amount of knowledge to request documents to a huge number of documents in the Internet, which satisfies this request. For example, if there are 100 pages on the Internet, if the phrase “how to choose a car” can be found, and only 60 of them were found for the search, then the total number of searches will be 0.6. Obviously, what is more interesting, it is less immovable that the koristuvach does not know the required document, for the mind that the fault is found on the Internet.

Accuracy

Accuracy is another main characteristic of a search machine, as it is determined by the world's reliability of the documents found on the basis of the code. For example, if there are 100 documents behind the request “how to choose a car”, 50 of them have the phrase “how to choose a car”, and in others there are just a few words (“how to choose a radio tape recorder correctly and install it in a car”), then the accuracy of the search is important 50/100 (=0.5). The more accurate the search, the more koristuvach you will need to know documents, the less “smite” among them will be chiseled, the more familiar the documents will not be valid for the request.

Relevance

Relevance - no less important warehouse search, which is characterized by an hour, which passes from the moment of publication of documents on the Internet, until they are entered into the index base of the search system. For example, the next day, after the appearance of new news, a large number of coristuvachs turned back to search systems with vouchers. Objectively, since the publication of news on this topic, there has been less doby, and the main documents were already indexed and available for search, and the great search systems of the so-called “Swedish base”, as they are updated once a day.

Shvidkist joke

Shvidkіst pohuku closely tied with yoga stіykіstyu to navantage. For example, for the data of "Rambler Internet Holding" LLC, on this day at work, it takes about 60 requests per second for the Rambler search machine. Such an interest will require a short time to process the money. Here, the interests of the coristuvacha and the poshukovoi system are running: you need to take the results of the most obvious, and the poshukov machine is responsible for filling the bill as quickly as possible, so as not to tamper with the calculation of the upcoming inquiries.

Accuracy

The accuracy of the results obtained is an important component of a good search. For more zapitiv, the Poshukov machine knows hundreds, or even thousands of documents. Due to the vagueness of the order of the drink, or the inaccuracies of the search, remember the first sides of the view, do not ask for more information. Tse means that koristuvachevs often have to check the authorities' search in the middle of the found list. Different elements of the search engine side of the search system help to orientate in search results. http://help.yandex.ru/search/?id=481937.

A short history of the development of poke systems

During the early period, the development of the Internet, the number of yogi coristuvachs was small, and the amount of available information was relatively small. The best access to the Internet is less than for specialists in the scientific and scientific sphere. At this hour, searching for information on the Internet was not as relevant as at this hour.

One of the first ways to organize access to information resources in the area was the creation of critical catalogs of sites, posting on resources in which they were grouped according to subject matter. The first such project was Yahoo.com, which began in 1994. Since the number of sites in the Yahoo catalog has significantly increased, it was possible to search for the required information from the catalog. Sensitse still had a poshuk system, but the oskelka poshuk area was surrounded by only the resources present in catalosis, and not by all Internet resources.

Posilan catalogs were widely promoted earlier, but practically lost their popularity in the past. So how to create modern, great catalogs for your own sake, to avenge information only about a tiny part of the Internet. The largest DMOZ directory (also called the Open Directory Project) contains information about 5 million resources, just like the database of the Google search engine system consists of more than 8 million documents.

The WebCrawler project became the first full-fledged poke system, which was a friend of 1994.

In 1995, the detection systems of Lycos and AltaVista appeared. The rest of the year was the leader in the field of searching for information in the Internet.

In 1997, Sergey Brin and Larry Page created the Google search machine as part of a subsequent project at Stanford University. AT present moment Google is the most popular spoof system in the world!

In the spring of 1997, the Poshukov system Yandex was officially announced, which is the most popular on the Russian Internet.

Today, three main international search systems are being developed - Google, Yahoo and MSN, which are based on search algorithms. The majority of other per-sound systems (there are a large number of them) win over the results of three transfers. For example, AOL's search (search.aol.com) is Google's search base, and AltaVista, Lycos, and AllTheWeb is Yahoo's base.

Warehouse and principle robotic system

In Russia, the main search system is Yandex, further - Rambler.ru, Google.ru, Aport.ru, Mail.ru. Moreover, at the same time, Mail.ru wins the mechanism and the database of Yandex search.

May all the great search systems create a good structure, vіdmіnnu vіd іnshih. However, it is possible to see the main components for all blasting machines. The distinctions of the structure may be less in terms of the implementation of the mechanisms of interaction between these components.

Indexing module

The indexing module consists of three additional programs (robots):

Spider (spider) - a program recognized for engaging web sites. "Pavuk" ensures the security of the side and wins all internal forces from the side. The HTML code of the skin side is captured. To capture the sides of the robot, use the HTTP protocols. Practice "spider" in this way. The robot sends "get/path/document" and other commands to the HTTP request to the server. The robot takes away the text flow from the submission, which will avenge the service information and the document itself.

Side URL

date, if the side was taken over

http-header of the server's view

side body (html code)

Crawler ("mandrivny" spider) - a program that automatically follows all messages known on the side. I see all the messages on the side. Yogo zavdannya - signify where far away the spider can go, spiraling on the message or leaving the address from the given list. Crawler, following the known messages, searches for new documents that are not yet known to the search system.

Indexer (robot indexer) - a program that analyzes web pages occupied by spiders. The indexer sorts out the side of the warehouse and analyzes them, zastosovuyuchi lexical and morphological algorithms. Analyze different elements of the page, such as text, headings, structural and style features, special services, html tags, etc.

In this way, the indexing module allows you to bypass the assignment of impersonal resources, take advantage of the pages that are being indexed, take advantage of the new pages of the content documents and conduct a new analysis of these documents.

Database

The data base, or the index of the search system - is the system for collecting data, the information array, from which the parameters of all captures and processed by the document indexing module are saved by a special procedure.

poshuk server

The poshukovy server is the most important element of the system's system, because of the algorithms that underlie its functioning, without intermediary lie the quality and the speed of the joke.

The poke server works in an offensive order:

Removal of the type of coristuvach requires knowledge of morphological analysis. Information is generated on the skin document, which is stored in the database text information on the side of seeing the results of the search.

The removed data is passed as input parameters to a special ranking module. The processing of data for all documents is carried out, after which the authoritative rating is assigned for the skin document, which characterizes the relevance of the data entered by the correspondent, and other warehouse documents that are saved in the index of the search system.

Fallow in the choice of a koristuvach, whose rating can be corrected by additional minds (for example, the titles of “extensions of searches”).

Next, a snippet is generated, so that for the skin found document from the table of documents, the title, a short instruction, the most important information and request for the document itself, and the found words are matched.

Withdrawal search results are transmitted as a SERP (Search Engine Result Page) - a side view of search engine results.

As you can see, all these components are closely related one to one and work together, making it possible to accurately complete the folding mechanism of the robotic system, which means a great amount of resources.

The Poshukov system does not hoard all the resources of the Internet.

The skin-poor system collects information about the resources of the Internet, using its own unique methods, and forming a data base that is periodically updated. Access to the center of the base is hoped for by Koristuvachev.

Search systems implement two ways to search for a resource:

Search for thematic catalogs - information appears as an hierarchical structure. On the upper level - global categories ("Internet", "Business", "Ministry", "Education", etc.), on the offensive level, categories are divided into distributions, etc. The lowest price is sent to specific web sites or other information resources.

Search for keywords (index search or detailed search) - koristuvach overpower search system ask, What is composed of key words. System turn koristuvachevі transfer of knowledge for the request of resources.

More poshukovyh systems poednuyut insults and ways to poshuk.

Poshukovі systems can be local, global, regional and special.

The Russian part of the Internet (Runet) has the most popular search systems at the moment Rambler (www.rambler.ru), Yandex (www.yandex.ru), Aport (www.aport.ru), Google (www.google.ru).

Most of the poke systemsimplemented at looking portals.

Portal (eng. type)portal- head entrance, gate) is a website that integrates various services of the Internet: get a search, mail, news, dictionaries, etc.

Portals can be specialized (like,www. Museum. en) that flashy (for example,www. km. en).

Search for keywords

A set of key words, for which there is a search, they call the criterion of the search or the topic of the search.

The request can be folded like from one word, and from the same words, united by operators - symbols, which the system designates, as it is necessary to produce it. For example: ask "Moscow Peter" to avenge the operator I (this is how it is taken), which one indicates that documents are required, in which there are insulting words - Moscow, and Peter.

In order for the search to be relevant (in English relevant - pre-revolutionary, what should be done correctly), the following rules should be corrected:

Regardless of what, what form the word has been implanted, search for the vrakhovuє all yogo word forms according to the rules of the Russian. For example, after the request "receipt" the words "receipt", "receipt", etc. will be found.

The great letters should only be celebrated in good names, so as not to look over the letters of the letter. For example, documents will be found behind the request of "kovalіv", where there are also about kovalіv, and about the Kuznetsovs.

Bazhano sounds like a joke, vicarious sprat of key words.

There is no need for an address in the middle of the first twenty known addresses, next change the request.

Leather Poshukov's system vikoristovuє your language of zapitіv. To get to know him, greet yourself with the advanced fine-tuning of the poshuk system

Great sites can build systems to search for information between their web sites.

Starting a joke in similar systems, as a rule, will follow the same rules, which are the same for global joke systems, we won’t be able to know about the proof here.

Poshook Extensions

Poshukovі systems can press the mechanism of koristuvach, which allows you to form folding requests. Crossing for help Poshook Extensions gives the possibility to edit the parameters of the search, specify additional parameters and choose the most convenient form for displaying the results of the search. The following describes the parameters that can be set for an extended search in Yanxex and Rambler systems.

Parameter Description	Name in Yandex	Name inRambler
De shukati keywords(document title, body text only)	Word filter	Search for text...
Like the words are guilty or not guilty but are present in the document and how accurate can be	Word filter	Shukati words to ask ... Turn on the documents, as if to avenge the coming words ...
At the same time, one kind of one is responsible for roztashovuvatisya key words	Word filter	Vіdstan mіzh words ask ...
Exchange on the date of the document		Document date...
Exchange search between one or more sites	Site/Top	Shukati documents less on upcoming sites ...

Search for a movie document		Language document...
Document search, what can I do with the picture with the name of the song or with a signature	Image
Side search, what to avenge objects	Special objects
The form for presenting the results of a search	Viewer format	Seeing the results of the search

Active search systems (for example, Yandex) allow you to enter the water with natural language. You write what you need to know (for example: getting tickets for a train from Moscow to St. Petersburg). The system analyzes and sees the result. If you don’t have power over there, go to the language of drinking.

It's easy to send your harn to the robot to the basics. Vikoristovy form, raztastovanu below

Students, graduate students, young adults, like victorious base of knowledge in their trained robots, will be your best friend.

Fig.1.1

The structure and principles of the All-World's Spider

All-world webs are approved by millions of web servers in the Internet, spread around the whole world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data. In the simplest way, such a program removes the HTTP request to the resource, finds the source file on the local hard disk and manages it on the computer. More collapsible web servers and building dynamically distribute resources in response to HTTP requests. To identify resources (mostly files or parts), the same URI resource identifiers (eng. Uniform resource Identifier). In order to determine the location of resources in a company, use single-mandate resource locators URL (eng. Uniform resource locator). So URL locators will use their own URI identification technology and the DNS domain name system (eng. domain Name System) - domain name (or without the middle IP-address in a numeric notation) to enter the URL warehouse for identifying the computer (more precisely - one of the third-party interfaces), which will contain the code of the required web server.

To look around the information taken from the web server, a special program is installed on the client's computer - a web browser. The main function of a web browser is displaying hypertext. The omnipotent cobweb is inextricably tied to the concepts of the hypertext and that hyperspace. Most information on the Internet is hypertext itself. To make it easier to create, to save and display the hypertext in the All-World's Web, the language of HTML (eng. hypertext markup language), mov layout for hypertext. The work with layout for hypertext is called layout, the master with layout is called webmaster or webmaster (without a hyphen). If HTML-outlining hypertext, which you see, is placed in a file, such an HTML-file is the most extensive resource of the World Wide Web. Once the HTML file becomes available to the web server, it can be called a web page. Dial web pages make up a website. The hypertext of the web pages is given hyperspace. Hyper-power helps the natives of the All-World's Web to easily move between resources (files) regardless of whether the resources are on the local computer or on a remote server. Hyper-powered Internet based on URL technology. (2 messages)

History of the All-World's Spider

Tim Berners-Lee and the lesser world Robert Cailliau are respected by the culprits of the all-world's spider. Tim Berners-Lee is the author of HTTP, URI/URL and HTML technologies. In 1980, roci vin pratsyuvav at the European Radiation of Nuclear Research (fr. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, CERN) consultant software. Himself there, near Geneva (Switzerland), for the needs of the authorities, having written the Enquirer program (eng. « Enquire» , you can freely translate it as "Diznavach"), as a victorious association for the collection of data and laid the conceptual foundation for the All-World's Pawutin.

In 1989, working at CERN over the organization's internal network, Tim Berners-Lee, having propagated a global hypertext project, is now working as an All-World web. The project is aimed at the publication of hypertext documents related to each other by hyperspace, which would make it easier to seek and consolidate information for CERN scientists. For the implementation of the project, Tim Berners-Lee (together with his assistants) found URI identifiers, HTTP protocol and HTML. These technologies, without which it is no longer possible to discover the current Internet. In the period from 1991 to 1993, Rick Berners-Lee improved the technical specifications of these standards and published them. But all the same, the official fate of the people of the All-World's Pawutin needs to be vvazhat 1989 r_k.

As part of the Berners-Lee project, he wrote the world's first httpd web server and the world's first hypertext web browser called WorldWideWeb. This browser is also a WYSIWYG editor (short English version) What You See Is What You Get- scho bachish, te y otrimash), yogo rozrobka rozpochato zhovtnі 1990 roku, and completed in the chest tsgo roku. The program was launched in the middle of "NeXTStep" and began to expand on the Internet in 1991. (2)

World's first website

P
Having created the Berners-Lee website at http://info.cern.ch/, the site is now being archived. This site appeared online on the Internet on April 6, 1991. On this site, it was described what is the All-World web, how to install a web server, how to hack a browser, and so on. sites.

and the first photo of the All-World's Web was of a parody folk group Les Horribles Cernettes. Tim Bernes-Lee asked the leader of the group after the CERN Hardronic Festival for their scanned pictures. (2)

Travel along the all-world web

The simplest is more expensive

The all-luminous cobweb begins with the introduction of any email address in a row

Location (place of expansion) and after pressing the Enter button, the system will transfer you to

virtual light. Technologically, when the browser installs the

rivnіv storіnok - that is one main, from it - sent to kіlka

intermediate or other sides of the other equal, and from them - on the sides of the offensive

equal. Linear organization transferring the visibility of the sides of the same equal,

sprat of other sides. І cobweb є impersonal

Fig.8.1

Prospects for the development of the All-World Spider

In this hour, two trends emerged in the development of the All-World's web: a semantic web and a social web.

The semantic web transmits the multiplicity of links and relevance of information in the All-World web through the introduction of new metadata formats.
The social cobwebs rely on the work of ordering the obvious in the cobweb information, which is consummated by the coristuvacs of the cobwebs themselves. Within the framework of another, directly, which is part of the semantic web, actively hacking as tools (RSS and other formats of web channels, OPML, XHTML microformats). to the subcategory, do not give any support for the expansion of such cases. If you are interested, you can try the folding of the Atlas of Knowledge.

It is also the most popular understanding of Web 2.0, which has a direct bearing on the development of the All-World Web. (2)

9.1 Ways of active fermentation of information in the All-World's Spider

Information on the Internet can be displayed both passively (so the koristuvach may be less read її), and actively - the same koristuvach can add information and redagulate її. Before the methods of active fermentation of information in the All-World's peacock are:

guest books,
forums,
chaty,
blogs,
wiki projects,
social services,
content management system. (2)

Fig.10.1

Visnovok

For rahunok perevag in the presence of the hypertext of the World Wide Web, having created an unknown earlier informational space and comfort for corystuvachs. Nin practically all great and middle ones, and more other companies, universities, establishments, public associations, and just hulking people in the whole world, have the power of web-sites, on which they post information about their activities, give for their help. The development of WWW has already been developed before the appearance of a new profession of a webmaster, the task of creating web-sides with a large number of graphic, video and audio effects.

In this order, the all-world web or WWW-madly, nayyaskravisha, handy that part of the Internet is popular. Today, through the "sides" of WWW, we can read e-mail, remove access to file archives, deal with groups of news and remove anonymous new information. For which we need to enter the site address in a row, just ask and press Enter.

List of victorious literature

Leontiev V.P. Computer Encyclopedia of a Schoolboy, OLMA-PRES Osvita, 2005

http://www.wikipedia.org

http://www.cssblok.ru/istori/index2.html

with. one

With the development of the Internet, its turnover became more and more information dissemination, and orientation on the Internet became more complicated. So it became necessary to create a simple and intelligent way of organizing information that is posted on the Internet nodes. From this point of view, a new service www (world wide web - All-world web) has come into contact with the general public.

All-world web (world wide web)- the whole system of documents with text graphic information, placements on the Internet nodes and connected with each other by hyperpossession. Maybe, the service itself is the most popular and richly corystuvachiv, synonymous with the word INTErNET itself. Often pochatkіvtsі stray two understanders - the Internet and WWW (abo Web). Let's guess that WWW is only one of the numerous services (services) that Internet savvy people rely on.

The main idea, like a vikoristan bula for the development of the www system, The idea of access to information for additional hypertext messages. The essence of її polagaє have included to the text of the document send other documents, yakі can roztashovuvatisya like at the same one, and on other information servers.

Istorіya www is at that moment, if in 1989, the Rotsi SPIVROTHKOMACHOKOCARYARYARYACAI CERN Berners-Li, who was to be stored in the Vihoghformation of the Merezhny, was stolen by the Yaku, and the sama sama, so Such documents are nothing but hypertext.

Another possibility, yak vygіdno vіdіznyaє www vіd іnshih vidіv servіsu, polyagaє in fact, through this system you can practically gain access to all other types of Internet services, such as FTP, Gopher, Telnet.

WWW є multimedia system. Tse means that for help www you can, for example, look at a video about historical remembrances or find out information about the championship of the world of football. Possibility of access to the information of the library and to fresh photographs of the earth's backyard, five times more than that by meteorological companions, at once s.

The idea of organizing information like hypertext is not new. Hypertext is "alive" long before the advent of computers. The simplest example of non-computer hypertext is price encyclopedia. Actual words in articles are indicated in italics. This means that you can turn to the relevant statute and take away the report information. And just as in a non-computer hypertext you need to have a handful of sides, then on the screen of the monitor you will go for the messages of the hypertext mittievs. It’s better to click the mouse on the words sent.

The main merit of the already conceived visionary Tim Berners-Lee is that he did not hang out the idea of \u200b\u200bcreation information system on the basis of hypertext, ale and proponuvav a number of methods that formed the basis of the future service www.

In 1991, ideas that originated at CERN began to actively develop the Center for Supercomputer Appliances (NCSA). The NCSA itself creates mov hypertext documents html, as well as the Mosaic program, is recognized for review. Mosaic, developed by Mark Andersen, became the first browser to launch a new class of software products.

In 1994, the number of www-servers began to grow rapidly and a new Internet service, as it takes away the light of knowledge, and the number of new coristuvachivs rises to the Internet.

Now the lady of the main appointment.

www- Tse anonymous web-sides, hosted on the Internet nodes and connected with each other by hyper-powers (or simply by power-ups).

web-side- the same structural unit www, as it includes all the information (textual and graphical) that is sent to the other side.

website- All web-sides that are physically located on one Internet site.

The system of hyperposilan www is based on the fact that the views of a document of one document (which can be parts of a text or an illustration) act as a force on other, logically related to them, documents.

To whom you have documents, where to work hard, you can be like a local one, and on remote computer. In addition, it is possible and traditional hypertext messages - tse message in the middle of the same document.

Documents, on the basis of which they have been installed, can, at their own discretion, cross the force one on one and other information resources. In this rank, you can pick up in one information space documents on similar topics. (For example, documents that cover information from medicine.)

Architecture www

The architecture of the www, as well as the architecture of the richness of other types of the Internet service, was inspired by the principle client-server.

Main tasks of the server programє organization of access to information that is saved on the computer on which the program is running. After the launch of the program-server, it works in the mode of acquiring requests from the program clients. Sound like a program-client to act as web-browsers, which are used by a number of koristuvachs www. If such a program needs to take away information from the server (call down all the documents that are saved there), it will send the server a request. With sufficient access rights between the programs, a request is established and the server program sends a request to the client program. After what is installed between them, the day is opened.

For transmission between programs, the HTTP protocol (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used.

www-server functions

www server- This is the program that runs on the host computer and processes the requests that are available from www-clients. When you cancel the request from the www-client, the program establishes a connection based on the TCP / IP transport protocol and exchanges information for HTTP protocol. Okrim tsgogo server vyznaє rights to access documents, yakі on nyu know.

For access to information that cannot be processed by the server without intermediary, win gateway system. Using a special CGI interface (Common Gateway Interface, Global Gateway Interface) for exchanging information with gateways, the www-server may be able to receive information from the server, which would be inaccessible to other types of Internet services. With whom, for kіntsevogo koristuvach, the robot of the "clearance" gateways, so that, looking over the web-resources in your favorite browser, you should not remember the lack of information that the information was presented to you for the help of the gateway system

www-client functions

You can see two main types of www clients: web browsers and utilities.

web browsers vykoristovuyutsya for besperednoy work from www and otrimannya zvіdti іnformatsії.

Web add-on services You can contact the server, either to collect some statistical data, or to index information that is stored there. (The same way, I take the information to the databases of the databases of the search systems.) Crimson, as well as the use of web-client services, the work of which is connected with the technical side of collecting information on this server.