Search for information for the help of a computer. Software search services. Transfer of information between computers. See the link. Automated curing systems

With skin fate, the Internet is growing at a rapid rate, so the ability to know the necessary information is growing sharply. The Internet will go to millions of computers, without any difference, the number of employees will increase by 15-80% randomly. And, it’s not less than that, more and more often, when connecting to the Internet, the main problem is not the availability of shukano information, but the ability to know. That is why it is especially important to correctly learn how to find information correctly.

To know the information you need, you need to know the address. For this, special search servers are used (index robots (scan systems), thematic Internet directories, meta search systems, people search services).

Search technology - Web-technology World Wide Web (WWW) is important for a special technology for the preparation and placement of documents on the Internet. The WWW warehouse includes і web-sides, і electronic libraries, catalogues, and visit virtual museums information space? At the top of the problem, search tools come to the rescue.

Poshukovі tools - especially software security, the main meta of this is to provide the most optimal and best possible search for information for the Internet. Poshukovі tools are hosted on special web servers, leather from any of them sing function:

1) Analysis of web pages and entering the results of the analysis on the next level of the data base of the poke server.

2) Search for information on the request of a koristuvach.

3) Provision of a manual interface for searching for information and reviewing the result of the search with a quick one.

Priyomi robots, like vikoristovuyutsya for an hour of work with these other poshukovymi tools, practically the same. Before that, how to go to their discussion, let's look at it this way:

1) The interface of the per-shook tool of representations has a look-alike side with hyperspaces, a row of requests (a row of requests) and tools for activating the request.

2) The index of the search system - the information base, which retrieves the result of the analysis of web pages, is stored according to the same rules.

3) Zapit - tse key word or phrase, yak koristuvach to enter a joke in a row. For the molding of various drinks, vicorist special characters("", ~), mathematical symbols (*, +, ?).

The scheme for searching for information is simple. The correspondent is typing a key phrase and activating the search, and then he himself will collect the documents for the formulation (set) request. The whole list of documents is ranked according to the following criteria so that those documents, which are the most suitable for the koristuvach’s request, are ranked above the list.

Most search tools offer two ways to search - simple search (simple search) and advanced search (expansion search) with a variety of special forms of inquiry without it.

The best service to search for Russian information is on the Yandex search server.

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Search Combinations Search Plug-in "Search Combinations" (SearchComb) assignments for search combinations in the history of circulations, as they seem to other minds. A range of circulations is set in the mountains, which are to be lied to in a joke (usі circulations, the rest or vibirkovo from .. to ...). The buttons are saving and saving. The first tab "Search combinations" is recognized for searching in the history of circulations of such combinations, as it is more common (so all the numbers of the combination with this and the other circulation were saved) were run by the analysis of the history of the lottery given a number of times (or more). For example, on the screenshot, there are 10 numbers shown in the table of combinations of the winning combination, which were the same with the lottery draws of Keno 20 out of 80 (Ukrainian UNL) more than three times. In the lower table, there are known combinations, in the upper one, when positioned on the same row of the lower one, in circulation, in which the most recent combination of combinations was found.

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Combinations wash your mind A trace of memory, that from the singing minds of rozrahunok, especially in the table, can take a trival hour. So, for example, a million sixths, which fell over 2 times in 3500 draws of the Keno 20 z 80 lottery (Ukrainian National Lottery), can be played on a dual-core Pentium 2.53 MHz for about three hours (besides, the loan is borrowed pivkhviliny). However, when the program starts to save a lot of memory, and in case of failure, it is possible to have an emergency application of the robotic function (not a program, but more than that, a rozrahunka) for the blame OutOfMemoryException. By the method of excluding such a situation in the program, there is a parameter that limits the number of combinations to be covered. For zamovchuvannyam insertions in 500,000 records (allowed, they may appear and less after additional processing). How are you operational memory to finish and so it is necessary to take a few millions of combinations (if you want and didn’t understand the meta), configuration file plugin (for example, SearchComb_20x80.pcfg) you can set the required value of the ResultLengthLimit parameter.

Internet- is a global computer network that unites a lot of local, regional and corporate assets and includes dozens of millions of computers.

Pratsyuyuchi at the border, it is necessary to quickly orientate at the obvious obsyazі іnformatsiї.

To search for information, there are mainly three main types:

1. 
   Entering the address of the party;

1. 
   Moving for hypertext messages;

1. 
   Turning to the poke system.

Poshukov system hope to search for information on the Internet.

Most search systems search for information on websites All-World's Spider.

Yandex - Russian system I'll ask Merezha. Website of the company Yandex.ru

Vіdmіnna singularity Yandex - the ability to fine-tune the search request. The purpose of the implementation of the program was to create a billboard (slide 13).

Google. en

Leader of poke systems on the Internet. For one version, Google has created the spelling of the English word googol. "Googol (googol)" is a mathematical term that means one with 100 zeros (slide 14).

Rambler. en

Rambler created in 1996 roci.

Poshukov's system Rambler razumіє and razraznyaє words of Russian, English and Ukrainian language. For promotions, a search is conducted for all forms of the word.

^ Transfer of information between computers

For the speed of transmission, computer networks are divided into low-, medium- and high-speed.

According to the type of transmission medium, they are divided into coaxial wires, torsion pairs, fiber optics, with the transmission of information over radio channels, in the infrared range.

^ Internet Addressing

To get in touch with a real computer on the Internet, you need to know yoga unique Internet- addresses. Use two equal formats for the address, so that you can differ only in your form: IP - addresses and DNS - addresses.

IP addresses

IP addresses are composed of several blocks of numbers separated by dots. Vіn can

mother looks like this: 84.42.63.1

The leather block can include the number of entries from 0 to 255. The leaders of such an organization can take over a number of millions of possible addresses. Ale oskіlki deyakі addresses are reserved for special purposes, and the blocks are configured in the fallage according to the type of measure, the actual number of possible addresses is three times less. The concept of IP-address is closely related to the concept of "host". Under the host, it should be understood whether there is some kind of attachment, some sort of victorious protocol TCP / IP splkuvannya with other settings. Tse mozhe not only a computer, but a router, a hub, too. All annexes, connected to the border, are responsible for their own unique IP address.

DNS addresses

IP-addresses can be numerically seen, shards of yoga are victorious on robotic computers. Ale vіn duzhe foldable for zam'yatovuvannya, so rozrobili domain name system: DNS.

DNS-addresses include handy letters for short letters, as well as dots on other information blocks (domains). For example: www.klyaksa.net

If you enter the DNS - address, you will be directly converted to the so-called name server, which will turn it into a 32 - bit IP - address for machine reading.

^ Domain names

DNS - addresses can be called in three warehouses (if you want them, you can use the number of times).
The domain name system has a hierarchical structure: domains of the upper level - domains of the other equal. There are two types of top level domains: geographic (two-letter - dermal country code) and administrative (three-letter).

Russia to lie geographic domain ru.

The portal www.klyaksa.net registered the domain of another equal klyaksa in the administrative domain of the upper equal.

Names of computers that are Internet servers, include outside domain name that vlasne im'ya computer'yutera. So, the addresses of the portal can be seen www.klyaksa.net

gov - ryadova chi organization
mil - military installation
com- commercial organization
net - merezhev organization
org - organization

Computer communications are necessary to exchange information between computers and use of common resources. To transfer information from one computer to another computer computer mesh you can twist:

• 
  email;
• 
  all-world informational measure Internet;
• 
  poke systems;
• 
  splkuvannya at the real hour;
• 
  file archives

Email

The most common form of transmission of information is electronic mail, or E-mail. Vaughn is recognized as transferring files to any type. One of the main її advantages is cheapness and swedness.

^ Email є historically first information service computer network do not care about the obov'yazkovo ї presence of high-strength and yakіsnyh linnіy zv'yazku.

If you are a correspondent on the Internet, you can take your "mailing screen" on one of the mail servers on the Internet (call on the provider's mail server), in which the electronic sheets are saved, which are transmitted and held.

At emailє wins before phone call. Telephone etiquette is duzhe suvoriy. Use impersonal vipadkiv, if it is not possible to telephone people from the etiquette. E-mail wimagai richly m'yakshoy. By email, you can reach out to a little-known person, or even a busy person. Yakshcho wine is possible, vіdpovіst.

^ shob electronic sheet reached the addressee, out, krіm to the text of the message, obov'yazkovo may revenge email addresses leaf holder.

Electronic mail addresses are written in a sung form, which is composed of two parts:
im'ya_koristuvacha@im'ya_server

Іm'ya_koristuvach may have a good character and is set by the koristuvach himself; The server_name is simply associated with the choice of the server's core, de vin having sorted out its mail screen.

Butt, [email protected]

In order to send an electronic sheet, the administrator is guilty of connecting to the Internet and transferring it to his mail server reminder. The mail server will immediately send this list through the system of mail servers on the Internet to the mail server of the owner, and spend it up to the mail screen.

However, the possessor takes off the sheet only after he connects to the Internet and "zavantazhu" mail from his postal screenshots to your local computer.

^ Teleconferencing UseNet

Teleconferences UseNet є electronic forums. Koristuvachі Internet nadsilayut there their voіdomlennya, yak vyslovlyuyuyutsya on the same topic. Information should be sent to special discussion groups - teleconferences, with which the skin thought becomes accessible to all participants in a particular group. Today, UseNet may have over 20,000 teleconferences devoted to various topics: computers, recipes, nutrition, genetic engineering, and much more.

^ FTP file transfer protocol

The FTP file transfer protocol is designed to rewrite files with distribution copies of programs from remote servers to your computer. Fallow in view of their rights ( superb coristuvach or in.) You can work and chi іnshі dії schоdo remote server (for the most part you have a copy of the actual information on the new one).

The Telnet program has been expanded to provide remote access to remote computer on the Internet. With this computer, the coristuvacha acts like a terminal, connecting up to great computer. At the sight of computers, terminals do not have the power to calculate the possibilities. The stench only secures access to such a computer as a problem for the monitor and keyboard. As an example, you can set up a system at airports, train stations, de Vie, you can take information about tickets, flights just like that.

Practical work 24-25

Software search services. Selection of key words, phrases for searching for information. Combinations of minds just for a joke. An example of searching for information on state portals of enlightenment.

Meta Robot. Learn how to search for information on the Internet.

Learn the basic understanding of the search for information Vikonati search for an information object on the Internet

Short tours

The search for information is a task, like the people of the world are already living a rich century. The world has grown to oblige information resources, potentially accessible to one person, were more and more refined and perfected the search for the knowledge and acceptance, which allow to know the necessary document. Great opportunities for work with great arrays of information to propagate the search services of Interner.

For the presence of the first statements on the subject of a joke, the documents can be sorted out poke systems. If you want to differentiate between simple, extended, contextual special request.

Let's just search for a search of Web-resources for one or more keywords. Nestacha simple joke shove in what you call wine you see even a lot of documents, among them it is important to choose the most appropriate.

To the wide range of searches, the keywords are connected by operators of logical insights. The extensions of the search will stop in quiet moods, if you accept a simple search, you should give rich results. For the help of logical data, the managers are formed in such a way that more accurately details the task and surround the area of ​​choice, for example, according to the date of publication or the type of data.

Contextual search - tse search for the exact phrase. Vіn zruchny for abstract search for information, but not available for all search systems. Nasampered, in order to secure such a possibility, the system is guilty of processing not only indexed files, but also full images of Web-sides. Tsya operation є dosit povіlnoy, and її vykonuyut not all poshukі system.

There is a special search to stop when opening Web-sides, to check the force on the given URL address, to check the given data from the service fields, for example, from the header field too.

Search extensions. Crim for a simple request, call the search services for an extended request. It allows you to more accurately formulate the order of the day, but for the sole purpose of making sure that it is more accurate. More poshukovy systems commands of extended poshuk are formed with additional logical commands. The versatility of the choice of logical commands, zokrema, is due to the fact that the commands of a simple search in rich search systems are implemented in a different way. The skin system works best to make the simplest sense most convenient, and the most advanced to make the most standard. Tim is no less, for the recognition of logical operators in different poke systems, there are different recognitions. Therefore, it is necessary to learn the syntax of the search requests of the selected search system before the development of the extended search.

Let's take a look at the presentation of the operators of logical inputs (logical commands).

The logical operator OR (ABO) is used to form a random request, as if the text is to be spoofed, if only one of the terms entered by this operator is to be blamed. The target operator in different poke systems can be designated in one of the following ways: | ; OR; ABO.

For example, the result will be asked "Black OR Sea" - there will be a list of submissions sent to documents, in which there is the word "Black", or the word "sea", or insulting the words at once.

In some per-shock systems, as it was meant to be, for the locking of the keywords in the query, they are connected to themselves with these logical settings.

For the help of the logical AND (І) operator, there is a search for documents that will cover the terms used by the operator. The target operator can be designated in one of the following ways: +; AND; &; I.

For example, on request - “Black AND sea” - documents will be found in which the words “black” and “sea” are used.

The logical operator NOT (HE) allows you to search for documents, in the text of any daily terms that follow this operator. The target operator can be designated in one of the following ways: not; !; ~; NOT.

For example, on the request - “Black NOT the sea”, the result is documents, in which there is the word “Black” and there is no word “sea”.

For help logical operations you can make up a collapsible drink. The request from a number of words, which are interspersed by operators, will be vitlumated to their priority. The AND and NOT operators may have the highest priority, so it will be asked from the number of words during the processing, grouped by the AND and NOT operators, and then by the OR operators. For example, behind the request “Black AND Sea OR Cream”, documents will be found, or the words “Black” and “sea”, or the word “Crimea”, or all three words.

You can change the order of grouping for an additional bow. The shackle allows inputs to be made and passed to operators as arguments. So, behind the request "Chorne AND (sea OR Cream)" documents will be found, in which the word "Chorne" and one of the two words "sea" or "Crimea" are omitted.

For additional inputs, you can significantly encircle the selection area, changing the result for non-necessary messages. So, for example, if you want to ask us for information about the repair on the pivdnі on the sea, but also on the Russian coast, then you can try to win something like this - “Vid repair AND (Azov OR Chorne) AND the sea) NOT (Crimea OR Turechchina OR Bulgaria)”.

The choice of round arms for the control of the order of the order of the search for the search is allowed by the most of the largest search systems.

Search extensions for Yandex. en

Rambler search extensions. en

Organization of a special request. For additional help of a special search, you can create a search for documents: how to remove data in various fields (title, keywords, description); placement on some site; scho vengeance tі chi іnshі posilannya toscho. Let's take a look at the report on the possibility of a special search.

A lot of joke systems allow you to crack Web-documents behind the text, which is hidden in the headers. Searching for headlines significantly changes the number of known posts, and even more accurately displays on the necessary materials. Aje skin Web-side can have a headline, as if the author did not create it. І heading of the Web-side should accurately characterize the topic of the material that is being sought from it.

For example, if you need information about distance learning, then do not hesitate to click on the side, in which case it is at the heading. In this manner, on the vіdmіnu vіd simple zapitu, mi vіdsіkaєmo tі documents, de tі words are not є significant, so they do not signify the topic of the article.

The operator or the command of such a search is title, This operator can be designated by one of the following methods: title:, t:, title =, $title and etc. Following the operator, I follow the keywords. In some per-shock systems, the keywords should be placed near the bow, in others they are written without bows. For example, in Yandex, the search command in the title is written as follows: $ title (very clear).

Site search. For the help of search engines, you can search for information not in the general Web space, but on any specific site (which is obviously the last indexing by the search system). The default operator can be identified by one of the following methods: url=, url:, u:, #url=".

Whatever you ask, just write it down Danish operator with the address of any Web site, a list of documents indexed by the search engine on this site will be taken. This operator can be combined with others, and at the same time, you can search for information about all the rules for inviting requests on this site. For example, if we want to know information about full-time education on the BelDU website, then the request from the search system will be available in the following way: URL=http://www. bsu. edu. jw.org uk + “very helpful”.

In addition, search systems can pronounce other possibilities of a special search: search for the text sent, search for the description of the document, search for the list of key words of Web-sites, search for signatures to little ones. It is known that the syntax of the search queries, so that the warehouse of available operators, is considered by different search engines. Therefore, before zdіysnennyam poshuk in tіy chi іnshіy poshukіy sistemі sled vychity storіk dovіdka z poshukі in danіy sistemі.

Special search aport. en

Head to work

Task 1. Searching for an information object in the text of a document in the Microsoft Word text processor.

Robot order

Start Viconanya word processor Microsoft Word that v_dkriti document, which has a search for a phrase. Vikonati command Edit-Know and select the shuffle text

Task 2. Vikonati search for information object PDF extensions in the file structures of drive D:

Robot order

AT operating system Windows command Start - Search Select search object *.PDF Select search location - local disk D:

Task 3

Robot order

Conduct a simple search for information for the keywords "information technologies" in the search engines Yandex (http://www.yandex.ru), rambler (http://www.rambler.ru), APORT (http://www.aport) . ru). Write down the results of the search for the skin search system at the sound. Create a contextual search (search for the exact phrase) information in the rambler search engine for the keywords " information technology". Write a request to the file, which pleases mind given that result will be written down in rambler. Search the search for information in the Aport search engine with the keywords “information technologies”, and then, after the help of the operator in the country, enter the search in such a way that the words “information technologies” are instructed. Vikoristovuyuchi be-like a poshuk system, find out the material, which will help you to find out on such a request:

1. How many medals did Russian athletes win at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London?

2. Roki reign of Peter I.

Search for documents where the keywords "information technologies" are in the title. At the file, write down the query, which pleases your mind, and the result of the recording in Yandex. Go to the website at http://www. edu. ru/. At the distribution of the mortgage, find out the search for information about your technical school. Write down the sequence of the search for the file name.

Control nutrition

Obov'yazkova part

Pererakhuyte in you poshukovі machines. Are there any extensions of the search engines in the current poke systems? What kind of a logical operator to use the keywords for a simple drink in a random search engine? How can I search for the exact form of words at the Yandex search machine? How many regions can you search for at Yandex? How to enter Yandex keywords in Yandex?

Dodatkova part

What does underline & (&&) mean in Yandex query? What is the correct way to put the signs "+" and "-" in the Yandex query? How can I ask for the exact phrase in the poshuk machines? Are the bows in the zapah now victorious? What do you mean by subvintage | (||) at request Rambler? Yak Vikonati search for phrases before the heading Aport?